HUN 2201 Chapter 10

Serotonin and cholecystokinin increase satiety in humans.

True

Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease.

True

Weight gain is a side effect of certain antidepressants.

True

Leptin is a hormone that tends to reduce food intake. It is produced by what kind of cells?

adipose cells

There is no single "ideal" weight or size. Instead, individuals should aim for a weight that encourages healthful habits and does not increase risk of weight-related health conditions. Complete the sentence about healthful weight. A healthful weight ____________.

-is more likely to be associated with normal blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and glucose tolerance -is the result of good eating habits and regular physical activity

An increased risk of chronic disease is associated with this waist-to-hip ratio on a man.

0.95

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5'10" tall and weighs 170 pounds. How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?

1,855 kcal (Multiply weight in kg by 1, then multiply that number by 24(hours/day))

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that a 1-cup serving contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kilocalories are there in a cup of this cereal?

162

On average, an individual's BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after what age?

30

Robin's dinner contains 750 kilocalories. What is the minimum amount of kilocalories that Robin will expend in order to process this meal?

38 (750 x 0.05)

A person with which of the following BMI values has the highest increased risk for premature mortality?

?40 kg/m2? (The book doesn't say exactly which one it is, but obese people are "at very high risk for serious health consequences")

In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g., about 28 days)?

?4lbs? (Book says500 - 1,000 extra kcals per day will result in a gain of 1-2lbs)

One distinct advantage of the BMI is that it is able to account for body composition.

?False? (Book says "BMI cannot tell us how much of a person's body moss is COMPOSED of fat, nor can it tell us an indication of where on the body fat is stored) (Also, there is a section after BMI about measuring body composition)

It is entirely possible to achieve and maintain a lower body weight by following either a low-carbohydrate or a low-fat diet.

?False? (I got this answer from an article online)

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting Calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

?The individual will lose lean body tissue.? (Got this from another Quizlet)

Because vitamins and minerals have no energy value, they can be disregarded when calculating a day's total energy intake.

?True? (Got this answer from Coursehero)

Which of the following does NOT contribute to satiety?

?decrease in blood sugar?

A person who is ill with a fever will experience a(n)

?increased basal metabolic rate.?

Which body composition assessment is based on a person's height relative to their body weight?

Body mass index

According to the video, which breakfast would be best when following a low-carb diet?

Eggs and bacon

A healthful body weight is whatever one's culture says it is.

False

BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition.

False

Lower-body obesity significantly increases one's risk for chronic disease.

False

Obesity is a simple matter of too many Calories in versus too few Calories out.

False

People trying to gain weight should not engage in aerobic exercise.

False

The energy we expend to maintain respiration and circulation is known as the energy cost of physical activity.

False

The shoulder-to-hip ratio is useful to assess one's fat distribution pattern and future chronic disease risk.

False (Waist-to-hip ratio is the correct response)

According to the video, which diet would be most beneficial for weight loss?

Low-carb diet

Justin is an offensive lineman on his college football team. He is 6'3" and weighs 335 pounds, with a BMI of 42. Which of the following statements about Justin is MOST LIKELY true?

Muscle weight is probably responsible for his high BMI.

According to the video, which person would have the lowest risk for developing cardiovascular disease?

Overweight and active on a regular basis

Which of the following statements about genetics and body weight is TRUE?

People who carry the FTO gene may experience higher levels of hunger than people who do not.

Which of the following BEST exemplifies mindful eating?

While eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin notices how it warms her mouth and how the fragrances and flavors of garlic and thyme feel comforting to her.

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthful body weight?"

a weight that you can achieve and maintain with continual dieting

Body fat mass is composed of this type of tissue.

adipose

The three components of total energy expenditure are

basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.

When you consume more protein than you need, the surplus will

be converted to and stored as fat. (Just common sense. Can't find in book)

In terms of body functioning compatibility, a healthful body weight should be primarily compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and __________.

blood glucose

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease?

cardiovascular

Which of the following is NOT a reason that bariatric surgery fails to achieve long-term weight loss for most people?

chronic diarrhea and vomiting

***Which of the following does NOT contribute to satiety? -expansion of the stomach -nutrient absorption from the small intestine -decrease in blood sugar -the release of PYY into the bloodstream

decrease in blood sugar? (In the book though, all of the selections are a possible way to activate satiety) (However, PYY is "produced in the GI tract," so does this mean that the PYY choice is correct? But hormones are released into blood)

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

does not take body composition into account.

Overeating is known to increase by __________.

easy access to food

The thrifty gene theory suggests that some people have a gene (or genes) that causes them to be __________.

energetically thrifty

In a state of energy balance

energy consumed is equal to energy expended.

Ghrelin is a(n)

gastric hormone that stimulates appetite.

A body mass index (BMI) of 19.5 is considered __________.

healthy weight

Underweight is defined as having a BMI of less than 18.5. Just as overweight and obesity increase the risk for adverse health consequences, being underweight carries its own risks, including a higher risk for infection and illness. Fill in the blank about gaining weight safely and effectively. Safe and effective strategies for gaining weight include ____________. -reducing physical activity in order to decrease energy expenditure -increasing energy intake by 500 to 1000 kcal/day by eating small, frequent, and nutritious meals and snacks throughout the day -increasing intake of foods high in saturated fat, such as butter and cheese since these foods are energy dense -taking amino acid and protein supplements to build muscle

increasing energy intake by 500 to 1000 kcal/day by eating small, frequent, and nutritious meals and snacks throughout the day

Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing

infection and illness.

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate (BMR) is __________.

lean body mass

This term describes a condition in which body weight exceeds 100% of normal weight with a BMI of at least 40 kg/m2.

obesity

A weight above the recommended level for health is classified as __________.

overweight

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan? -application of behavior-modification techniques -incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity -gradual change in energy intake -reduction in the number of restaurant meals eaten per week

reduction in the number of restaurant meals eaten per week

Which of the following decreases food intake?

serotonin

Physiological factors that are known to increase satiety include an increase in blood glucose levels, nutrient absorption from the small intestine, and __________.

stomach expansion

Which of the following is the physiological control center for hunger regulation?

the hypothalamus

Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?

up to 10 percent

There are a variety of options for approaching weight loss, but each has pros and cons. While success will vary for different individuals, there are several evidence-based strategies that are more likely to contribute to success. From the list below, choose all the correct statements for healthful weight loss. -A healthful weight loss strategy involves losing weight as quickly as possible. -Weight loss goals should be specific, reasonable, and measurable to increase the likelihood of success. -People who exercise regularly are more likely to lose weight and maintain weight loss. -If reduced-Calorie foods are chosen, portion size is not important. -Severely restricting fat or carbohydrates may result in weight loss, but these diets may provide inadequate nutrients and can have related health risks.

-Weight loss goals should be specific, reasonable, and measurable to increase the likelihood of success. -People who exercise regularly are more likely to lose weight and maintain weight loss. -Severely restricting fat or carbohydrates may result in weight loss, but these diets may provide inadequate nutrients and can have related health risks.

There are a variety of tools and measurements available to assess body composition and health risks, each with some limitations. Some examples are BMI, fat patterning, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Choose the correct statement about body composition evaluation methods. -Fat stored around the waist can lead to unhealthful changes in blood cholesterol, insulin, glucose levels, and blood pressure. -For females, the waist-to-hip ratio should be below 0.8, and waist circumference should be below 40 in. -A healthy BMI falls in the range of 18.5 to 30. -Pear-shaped fat patterning significantly increases a person's risk for chronic diseases.

Fat stored around the waist can lead to unhealthful changes in blood cholesterol, insulin, glucose levels, and blood pressure.

According to the video, what shift in focus is needed in working to improve our health?

Focus on fitness, not thinness

Which of the following statements concerning protein supplements is true?

Protein supplements are not necessary to increase muscle mass.

According to the video, which lunch would be the best fit for a low-carb diet program?

Salad with grilled chicken

According to the video, the group following the low-carb diet saw what change compared to the group on the low-fat diet?

The low-carb dieters lost more weight and reduced risk factors for chronic disease.

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is the number of kcal we consume, on average, per day.

False

In addition to biological influences on body weight, cultural, economic, and social factors play a role as well. Some of these factors, such as the pressure to overindulge on holidays, are nearly ubiquitous, whereas others, such as living in a community in which it is unsafe to walk or exercise, affect certain people more than others. Choose the statement about cultural, economic, and social influences on body weight that is not correct. -Living in an unsafe community is an example of a social factor that can lead to being less physically activity. -Larger body size is culturally acceptable among certain ethnic groups. -Media images of male and female models may encourage young adults to follow dangerous diet and exercise plans. -People with lower incomes have lower rates of obesity than people with higher incomes.

People with lower incomes have lower rates of obesity than people with higher incomes.

Which of the following statements about a healthful body weight is TRUE?

There is no one body types that can be defined as healthful.

A behavior modification strategy for weight loss is to avoid feelings of deprivation by consuming small meals and snacks throughout the day.

True

A woman with a hip-to-waist ratio higher than .80 is at an increased risk for the development of some chronic diseases.

True

People whose bodies use relatively more fat for energy are more resistant to weight gain than people whose bodies use relatively more carbohydrate.

True

The classic energy balance equation states that when energy intake equals energy expenditure, energy balance exists and weight remains stable. If energy intake exceeds expenditure by about 3500 kcal over a period of time, an individual should gain 1 lb of fat; and if energy intake falls short of expenditure by 3500 kcal, he or she should lose 1 lb. Choose the statement that explains why the energy balance equation does not always accurately predict the amount of weight gained or lost when a person consumes more or less energy than required. -When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure, a spontaneous increase in energy output may occur. -When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure, all of the excess energy is stored as fat. -When energy intake is less than energy expenditure, the body becomes less metabolically efficient. -When two individuals of similar size eat the same number of Calories in excess of their needs, they will always gain the same amount of weight.

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure, a spontaneous increase in energy output may occur.