Hunter's Ed

Ladder stand

10-20 feet above ground Built in ladder Three to five people needed

First-Aid Kit

2-inch-square sterile gauze pads 2-inch-wide gauze bandage roll 4-inch-square sterile gauze pads 42-inch-square cloth for triangular bandage or sling Antacid Antibiotic salve Aspirin Assorted adhesive dressings Assorted butterfly dressings Cell phone Cotton swabs Decongestant Eye dropper Hand sanitizer Instant chemical cold packs Instant chemical hot packs Latex gloves Moleskin Needles One-half percent hydrocortisone cream Petroleum jelly Roll of 1-inch adhesive tape Roll of 2-inch adhesive tape Safety pins Scissors Single-edged razor blades Sterile eyewash Thermometer Tweezers

When do hunting incidents occur?

A hunter directly/indirectly causes a personal injury/death using a firearm or bow

Elevated Stand Location

Adjacent to game trails or game signs Stand no higher than necessary Never in a dead tree, overhanging dead limbs, or near utility poles Straight trees Downwind from animal's route Never on fence lines near property

Reading a Topographic Map

Aerial photos Contours of land, hills, ridges, valleys, lakes, rivers, creeks, trails, roads Contour lines show elevation of ground Contour intervals reveal vertical distance between each line (closely spaced = steep) Contour lines that are sharply tapered mean uphill Rounded means downhill

Physical Conditions

Allergies Asthma Heart condition Excess weight Poor physical conditioning Mental condition

Detachable magazines

Allow you to remove extra ammunition from firearm by removing the magazine

Arrangement

Allows animals to meet these needs in a small area to minimize energy use

Fence unloading

Alone: Gun on otherside, cross, pull gun by butt Two: One holds both guns, other crosses, passes it over

Locakble hard-sided case

Aluminum, composite Light, sturdy Airline standards Deep foam padding Molded to fit Waterproof Bulky and expensive

Predator

Animal that kills another for food

Sportsman Stage

Appreciation of outdoors and animal being hunted, process, and companionship

Observe

Area Look for shelter, fuel, etc

Zone-of-FIre

Area in which a hunter can shoot safely 25-40 yards apart 45 degrees in front of hunter

Accuracy

Backstop Essential for clean kill Scope not used as binocular

Limiting-Out Stage

Bagging the limit Can cause unsafe shots Spend time with more mature hunters

Gray Areas of Ethical Behavior

Baiting deer with corn/protein Shooting bird on ground, water, or trees Shooting from a vehicle or boat within private waters

Threatened/endangered species

Bald Eagle Whooping Crane Golden Eagle

Differences between rifles, shotguns and handguns

Barrels and ammunition

Four Key Parts of Preparing

Be Ready Know Your Location Prepare for Safety Tell Others

Shoulder Carry

Beside and behind Not used if in front

Two Handed/Ready Carry

Best control Best in thick brush/weeds Fires quickly Left and right handed Only if gun not pointed at others while walking side by side

Monitoring Wildlife Populations

Birth and death rate of various species Provides data needed to set hunting regulations

Before Hunting Laws

Bison reduced to 800 Beaver almost wiped out Fraction of elk, deer, pronghorn

Hypothermia

Bluish-white appearance Weak heartbeat Shallow breathing Rigid body muscles Unconscious

Heat exhaustion

Body temperature increases Lack of water

Rifle actions

Bolt Lever Pump Semi-auto Break

Handgun actions

Break pistol Double revolver Single revolver Semi auto pistol

Shotgun actions

Break with single barrel Break side-by-side with double barrel Break over-under with double barrel Pump action Semi-auto Bolt repeater

Beneficial habitat management practices

Brush pile creation Controlled burning Diking Ditching Food plots and planting Mechanical brush or grass control Nuisance plant or animal control Timber cutting Water holdings

How to Behave If Confronted by Anti-Hunter Protesters

Calm and polite, don't argue Never touch or use physical force, never threaten an anti-hunter with your firearm Report harassment to authorities

Heat Stroke

Can be fatal

Lack of Control and Practice

Can lead to accidental discharges Stray shots

Padded soft-sided case

Canvas, nylon, neoprene, polyester, leather Light, easy to hand and store Many designs Camo Waterproof and floating Cheaper Less protection

Most incidents are caused by what?

Carelessness Lack of knowledge

Treating Shock

Cause: Any serious injury Symptoms: Pale cold clammy skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, fear Treatment: Keep lying on back, raise feet 8-10 inches If trouble breathing: raise head and shoulders 10inches instead of feet Maintain normal body temperature, loosen restrictive clothing Calm and comfortable, medical attention

Treating a chest wound

Cause: Bullet/arrow Treatment: Use hand to cover wound until bandage found Cover wound with gauze, cloth, plastic or foil Wound cover forms air-tight seal Hold in with tape/bandage If trouble breathing: remove bandage and replace quickly Transport to hospital

Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Causes: Improperly working stoves and lanterns, wood and charcoal fires Symptoms: headache, dizzy, weak, difficult breathing, skin red, unconsciousness Treatment: Fresh air ASAP, lie down quietly, medical care essential

Habitat Improvement

Change in habitat affects the type and number of wildlife the habitat can support May cut down/burn forests to promote new growth/slow down succession Increases production of certain species

Compass

Clear base plate to see map under Straight sides for aligning two points or making lines Liquid-filled needle that keeps magnetic needle steady Two arrows: a direction arrow painted on the base plate (or you may use the edge of the compass) is used to point the compass from your starting point to your destination; an orienting arrow, located in the needle housing, is used to orient your compass to your map

Wetland birds

Close to water in marshy and coastal areas Cranes, snipes

Open sight

Combination of bead and notched Simple and inexpensive Quick sighting Center bead between notch Fixed or adjustable

Aperture/Peep sight

Combination of bead and round hole Center target in rear, bring front sight to center of hole More accurately than open sight

Elbow/Side Carry

Comfortable Least control Can snag in bush terrain Not used if behind someone

Cradle Carry

Comfortable Secure Reduces arm fatigue Left and right Not pointed walking side by side

Habitat

Complete environmental requirement of an animal for survival: food, water, cover, space, arrangement

Lean-to

Constructed by leaning branches against a horizontal support to form a frame for a roof Opening away from the wind Cover with branches and twigs Sleeping area between wall and fire

How to Ask Landowners for Permission

Contact before hunting season Street clothes, no hunting gear and firearms Don't bring companions Be polite

How Hunters Make a Positive Impact

Countless hours to improve wildlife habitat Help transplant game species and save other species from extinction Encourage others to practice ethical behavior

Carry

Depends on terrain and people

Safety

Device that blocks the action to prevent the firearm from shooting until it is released from on Intended to prevent firearm from being fired accidentally Should never be relied on totally to protect from accident Can fail from wear or damage Only a backup to safe habits Located around receiver

Sight

Device used to line up muzzle with shooter's eye to hit target More critical on a firearm that fires a single projectile than one that shoots a pattern

Caliber

Diameter of bore Expressed in hundredths of an inch or millimeters

To Stop Bleeding

Direct pressure Cover with sterile gauze pad Press with palm of hand If pad is soaked, put a fresh one directly over Raise above level of heart If needed, cut off circulation

Factors that limit potential production of wildlife

Disease/parasites Starvation Predators Pollution Accidents Old age Hunting

Personal Locator Beacon

Distress and alerting system Transmits to satellite system Must register with NOAA

Snakebite

Do not remove poison Calm Keep wound below heart level Hospital

Fall In Stand

Don't panic Signal help Climb back onto platform Keep moving legs

Prevention of Hypothermia

Dressing properly Avoiding weather conditions Drying as quickly as possible High calorie foods

Prevention of Heat Exhaustion

Drink water Take breaks Dress in layers and shed

Symptoms of Heat Stroke

Dry, hot, and flushed skin—dark or purple in color Dilated pupils Rapid, weak pulse Shallow breathing High temperature—may be in excess of 106° Fahrenheit

Identifying Wildlife

Educate before hunt

Day Pack

Emergency supplies Base plate compass with signal mirror Candle Emergency high-energy food Extra boot laces Extra pair of glasses Extra two-day supply of prescription medicine Fire starters—waterproof matches, butane lighter, etc. First-aid kit Fishing line and hooks Flashlight with spare batteries and bulbs Folding saw Knives Map Metal, waterproof carrying case that can double as a cooking pot Nylon rope One-sided razor blade Plastic sheet or large garbage bag Poncho Signal flares Small can of lighter fluid Snare wire or twine Thermal foil blanket Tissues Water purification tablets Water Whistle (plastic) Binoculars or spotting scope Biodegradable trail markers Duct tape Hatchet or ax Pencil and paper pad Shovel Sleeping bag appropriate for climate

Goal of Wildlife Conservation

Ensure the wise use and management of renewable resources without wasting them

Cardinal rule of firearm safety

Every gun must be treated as if it were loaded

Birds of prey

Feed on other birds and mammals Eagles, falcons, owls

Half-Cock/Hammer safety

Firearms with exposed hammers Positions trigger at half-cock, away from firing pin Not a true safety

Hang-On Stands

Four square feet of space Hauled with belts and chains Separate climbing aids

Fall-Arrest Systems (FAS)

Full-body harness - effective Lineman's style belt/climbing belt - for climbing up and down Tree strap - around the tree Tether - attaches harness to tree strap Suspension relief strap - loop to stand in if you fall

Benefits of Hunting Laws

Game Conservation Safety, Opportunity, Funding Fair Chase

Shooting Stage

Getting off a shot instead of a good one Needs target practice

Survival Rules

Give someone your hunting plan. Don't travel or hunt alone. Take enough food and water to last for several days in an emergency. Bring a map and compass, and always orient yourself before leaving camp. Wear layered clothing and take extra clothing Plan your outings so that you can return to camp before dark. Never leave camp without taking fire-starting equipment and a foil blanket. Don't panic

Habitat Balancing Act

Habitats must be in balance to support wildlife If something is removed, it must be replaced

Pivot safety

Handguns and bolt-action rifles Pivoting lever or tab that blocks the trigger or firing pin Located on frame (blocks trigger) or on bolt or slide (blocks firing pin)

Warm weather

Hat Light clothing that covers skin as much as possible to prevent heat exhaustion or sunburn

Hunting

Help keep populations in balance with habitat

Where do over half of fatal firearm incidents reported each year occur?

Home

Horned/Antlered animals

Horns are hollow and not shed Antlers are solid bone and shed annually Horned/antlered have cloven hooves Horned/antlered are ruminants

Plan

How you will use your survival kit and other available resources Don't wait until dark

Most common hunting incidents result from what?

Hunter judgement mistakes

Causes of hunting incidents

Hunter judgment mistakes Safety rule violation Lack of control and practice Mechanical failure

What are the four main causes of hunting incidents?

Hunter judgment mistakes Safety rule violations Lack of control and practice Mechanical failure

Game Conservation

Hunting seasons that limit harvesting and avoid nesting and mating seasons Limits hunting methods and equipment Setting limits on number of animals taken Established stations and tag requirements

Moving an Injured Person

If neck/back injury: leave to paramedics If must be moved: move lengthwise and headfirst, support head and neck, keep spine in alignment

Treating Burns

Immerse in cold water (not ice water) Don't use butter/greasy ointment Second/Third degree burns: wrapped in loose, dry dressing

Hypothermia

Induced by cold, wet conditions Temperatures as high as 50 F

Sudden immersion into cold water

Involuntary gasping Hyperventilation Panic Vertigo

True Responsible Sportsman

Involved to make hunting a respected sport Proper knowledge and skills being taught Working with landowners Cooperating with wildlife officials Joining conservation organizations

Wildlife Manager's Job

Know that nature overproduces its game resources Maintain number of animals in a habitat or below the carrying capacity Consider: historical trends, current habitat conditions, breeding population levels, long-term projections, breeding success

Categories of wild animals

Large mammals Small mammals Upland birds Waterfowl and wetland birds Birds of prey

Cold weather

Layers that insulate Vapor transmission layer - next to the body, releases moisture from skin while retaining warmth Insulating layer - bulkier Protective outer layer - protect from water and wind

Respect natural resources

Leave land better than found Adhere to fair chase rules Know your capabilities and limitations - stay within your range Quick, clean kill Ensure that meat and usable parts are not wasted Treat both game and non-game animals ethically Abide by laws Cooperate with conservation officers Report game violations

Sling Carry

Long treks Hand on sling Not used in thick brush

Bleeding

Loss of two pints can result in shock and unconsciousness

Hunter Judgment Mistakes

Mistaking another person for game Not checking foreground and background before firing

Treatment of Heat Exhaustion

Move to a cooler place and drink water. Fan to lower body temperature, but don't over-chill.

Predator Control

Must be reduced to enable some species to be stable

Safe Carries

Muzzle pointed in safe direction and under control Safety on Finger outside trigger guard

Carrying a gun safely

Muzzle pointed safe direction Safety on Finger outside trigger guard

Succession

Natural progression of flora and fauna populations in one area

Preparing a shelter

Natural shelter Dry and well drained Protects from wind Near water and firewood Build a lean-to

GPS

Navigation system based on satellites Satellites circle earth twice a day Accurate within 15m/49ft on average

Space

Necessity Adequate food among wildlife Territorial space for mating and nesting Freedom from stress-related diseases

Food and Water

Necessity Competition for this makes cover, space and arrangement top priorities

Landowner Complaints About Hunters

No permission No notice of arrival and leaving Too much noise Litter Carry loaded firearms in vehicles Drive off ranch roads Don't leave gates as found Shoot too close to neighbors and livestock Fires unattended Violate game laws Drink alcohol to excess

Carrying capacity

Number of animals the habitat can support all year long without causing damage

Mechanical failure

Obstructed barrel Improper ammunition

Trail Carry

One hand free Not used if behind someone

Self-control

Only shoot when you know the target is legal game and that no one is in the zone of fire

Broken Bones

Pain lasts for more than a few minutes Moving injured area is difficult Swelling in injured area If transporting: immobilize the joint above and below, splint the way it is found Broken foot: do not remove shoe, tie pillow or thick padding around foot over shoe

Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion

Pale and clammy skin Weakness Nausea Headache Muscle cramps

Respect Landowners

Permission to hunt Follow restrictions Treat livestock and crops as your own Offer to share part of harvest with owner Leave all gates the way you found them Something wrong or out of place, notify landowner Never enter private land that is cultivated or posted unless you have permission

Prepare for Safety

Physical condition Equipment Refresh your memory of hunting and firearm safety rules Review with hunting partners

Management Funds/Programs

Pittman Robertson State programs that finance conservation

Edge Effect

Placing two contrasting ecosystems adjacent to another

Be Ready

Plan carefully Anticipate potential problems and make plans to deal with them Terrain Location Weather Dangerous game Potential of fire

Approached by conservation officers

Point muzzle in safe direction Follow instructions given

Handling firearm in the home

Point muzzle in safe direction when picking up Finger off trigger Check to see if chamber and magazine are empty

Safety rules of handling a firearm in the home

Point muzzle in safe direction when picking up Keep finger off trigger Check chamber and magazine

Checking for Obstructions

Point muzzle safe direction Open action to make sure it isn't loaded Check debris in barrel Remove obstructions with a cleaning rod Check barrel to make sure no debris remains

Loading Firearms

Point muzzle safe direction Open action: barrel unobstructed Put safety on Load ammunition Close action Put safety back on

Unloading Firearms

Point muzzle safe direction Put safety on Finger outside trigger guard Open action Detach magazine, eject cartridges or shells Check both chamber and magazine

Primary rules of firearm safety

Point muzzle safe direction Treat every firearm with respect due a loaded gun Be sure of target, in front and behind Keep finger outside trigger guard

Safety Rule Violations

Pointing the muzzle in an unsafe direction Ignoring proper procedures for crossing a fence, obstacle, or difficult terrain

Gun Sock

Polyester, acrylic Light Protection from dust, dirt moisture Camo Second case to carry a firearm Minimal protection from impact

Controlling/Preventing Disease and Its Spread

Prevent spread by gathering and burning affected

Method Stage

Process of hunting becomes the focus How it's done

Cold Survival Without Fire

Proper type of clothing (no cotton) Stay dry Build a shelter, nylon tarp, insulated Avoid contact with cold surfaces Wrap body in thermal foil blanket Limit physical activity

Hunting regulations

Protect habitat and preserve animal populations Setting daily and seasonal time limits, bag limits, legal methods

Cover

Protects animals from predators and weather Feed, breed, roost, nest, travel Ranges from thick weeds and brush to a few rocks

Double action

Pulling trigger both cocks and releases hammer Faster shot Safer

Cross-bolt safety

Pump and semi-auto Push-button action that blocks trigger/hammer Located at trigger guard or ahead of hammer

Water

Purify by boiling or chemicals

Birth rate

Ratio number of young to female of a species in one year

Death rate

Ratio of deaths to total population in one year

Safety at a Shooting Range

Read all rules Follow range master instructions Not shooting: unload firearm and leave on range line or bench until given more instructions Do not handle firearm when shooters are downrange, step away from firing line until clear No one present: all shooters decide on safety commands beforehand Hearing and eye protection Respond when "Cease fire"

Experienced Map Readers

Read terrain. Determine direction. Follow rivers, valleys, and ridges. Find your location in relationship to your camp. Identify areas preferred by game animals.

Magazine

Repeating firearms Stores ammunition that is not fired Designed with a spring and follower that push against the cartridges to move them into action To make sure is empty, either see or feel the follower Detachable or fixed

Fixed magazines

Require ammunition to be removed manually from the gun Tubular, hinged-floorplate, revolving

Hunter's Ethical Code

Respect natural resources Respect other hunters Respect landowners Respect non-hunters

Lands

Ridges of metal between the grooves in a rifled bore

Barrel differences

Rifle - Long, thick walls, spiralling grooves cut into the bore (rifling) Shotgun - Long and made of thin steel, smooth on the inside to allow no friction Handgun - Shorter, grooved pattern like rifle

Slide/Tang safety

Rifles and break-action shotguns Sliding bar/button that blocks firing action Located on tang (metal trip behind receiver) or on side of receiver

Fair Chase

Rules on how to take game Vehicles, airplanes, radios, electronic calling, shooting in a fenced enclosure

Respect other hunters

Safe firearm handling practices, companions do the same Refrain from interfering with another's hunt No alcohol Share knowledge and skills

Safety, Opportunity, Funding

Safety guidelines that protect hunters and non-hunters Equal opportunity for all hunters regardless of firearms Adequate funding for wildlife programs by collecting license fees

Preservation

Saving natural resources without consumptive use of them

Wildlife management

Science and practice of maintaining wildlife populations and their habitats

Trophy Stage

Selective Quality over quantity Big game

Survival mode

Shelter Fire Signal

Treatment of Hypothermia

Shelter Replace wet clothing with dry clothing Warm liquids Fires, blankets, body heat

Five Stages of Hunter Development

Shooting Stage Limiting-Out Stage Trophy Stage Method Stage Sportsman Stage

Bead sight

Simple round bead on top of barrel near muzzle of a shotgun Reference to follow flying or running targets

Symptoms of Frosbite

Skin turns off-white. Prickly or tingling feeling occurs as ice crystals form. Pain may be present initially, then disappears as frostbite progresses. In severe cases, victim experiences a loss of feeling in the affected area.

Field carries

Sling Elbow/Side - not if someone in front of you Two-handed/ready Cradle Shoulder - Not if someone behind you Trail - not if behind someone

Dot sight

Small device mounted on firearm Electronics or optical fibers to project a glowing dot on a lens in front of the eye

Furbearers

Small mammals sought after because of their pelts

Telescopic/Scope sight

Small telescope mounted on firearm Reticle - aiming device Most accurate

Starting a Fire

Snow - platform on logs or rocks Dry - clear a patch of dirt Small twigs to fuel logs Pile twigs, grass as base Place larger sticks on a pile 10in high No breeze - light kindling in middle of base Breeze - light one end so that the flame is blown to everything else

Hunter's Role in Wildlife Conservation

Spend time, money and effort on wildlife conservation Fill out questionnaires Surveys Hunter check stations Samples from harvested animals Fund wildlife management through license fees Control wildlife populations at a healthy balance for the habitat Provide information from the field that wildlife managers need Funding from licenses

Grooves

Spiral cuts in a rifled bore

Rifling

Spiral spin that increases accuracy and distance

Factors that decrease surplus of game animals

Starvation Disease/parasites Accidents Weather Hunting Predators Other

Avoiding Suspension Trauma

Step into suspension relief strap and stand up Move legs continuously

STOP

Stop Think Observe Plan

Climbing Stands

Straight trunks Climb up trees Not shaggy bark or branches Never with ice and snow

Basic First Aid

Take a course and CPR Carry first-aid kit

Tell Others

Tell where and whom you are hunting with When you are going to return Directions of route to destination Leave plan with a family member or friend Groups should know the route

Hunting Plan

Tells where and with whom you intend to hunt When to expect your return Specific direction on your route to your destination and any alternate destinations you have if bad weather changes the plans

Declination

The difference between true north and magnetic north

Splinting a broken leg

Thick padding between legs Bind injured leg to uninjured one with strips of cloth Bind legs together above and below injured area

Signaling for Help

Three shots Three blasts on a whistle Three mirror flashes Three fires evenly spaced Make an X as large as possible No signal fires until you hear aircraft Use green boughs to create smoke

Frostbite

Tissue freezes Avoid severe weather Pay attention to head and extremities Face cover Treat immediately

Bolt action

To open, lift handle up and pull toward rear If loaded, cartridge/shotshell will be ejected To make sure unloaded, check both open action and magazine Store firearm away from the bolt

Break action

To open, point barrel to ground

Semi-automatic action

To open, pull back bolt's operating handle or slide To unload, remove magazine and lock action open To make sure unloaded, check chamber for additional cartridge or shell When closing, pull back to unlock bolt or slide then let go Trigger must be pulled each time a shot is fired Fully-auto firearm is not used for hunting or sport shooting

Lever action

To open, push downward and forward, extracts cartridge case from chamber and ejects it To unload, push lever downward and forward repeatedly until no more cartridges are ejected To make sure unloaded, check both chamber and magazine Keep hands away from trigger while working lever

Pump action

To open, slide forestock to rear, which extracts cartridge from chamber and ejects it To make sure unloaded, check both chamber and magazine

Know Your Location

Topographic map Familiarize with terrain Visit in the off-season

Respect Non-Hunters

Transport animals discreetly Firearms out of sight Refrain from graphic photos or graphic stories Maintain presentable appearance while on the street

Artificial Stocking

Trapping animals where they are abundant and releasing them to a suitable habitat

Upland birds

Turkey, pheasants, grouse, quail Similar to chickens Male are colorful, female are not

Finding Food

Two weeks without Clear-headed and comfortable Learn what is edible

Symptoms of Hypothermia

Uncontrolled shivering—usually the first obvious symptom, but ceases as hypothermia progresses Slow, slurred speech Memory loss Irrational behavior, such as removing clothing Lack of body movement Sleepiness Unconsciousness, which could lead to death

Transporting Firearms

Unload and case firearms Open action No window racks Lean a firearm against a secure rest only

Crossing Obstacles

Unload guns before crossing fences or other obstacles before negotiating rough terrain Cross fences close to the post After unloading, place gun on other side of fence, then cross and retrieve gun Pull gun by the but If two people, one holds guns

Hunting incident

Unplanned, uncontrolled action that occurs while using a sporting arm

Causes of Threatened and Endangered Species

Urbanization Competition with Introduced Species Controlled Pests Naturally Rare Past Exploitation Pesticides Unknown Illegal Killing No North American animal has become extinct because of sport hunting

Hunting Equipment In a Stand

Use a haul line Firearm unloaded, action opened Bow, arrows in quiver secured to bow Muzzle pointed down Fletching points down

ATV

Useful for back country Can damage environment Accidents with speed and obstacles Landowner permission Helmet Clothing, goggles, gloves, boots Gun rack Stay on roads and trails Don't drive over crops Don't shoot on ATV Only used for transport

Waterfowl

Warm blooded animals that live on or near water

Treatment of Frostbite

Warm the affected area with body heat, but avoid rubbing the area—it can damage tissue. Don't use hot water or other external heat sources, which could cause burns. Wrap with warm, dry clothing. Move to a warm shelter. Drink hot liquids. Get medical attention.

Mammal characteristics

Warm-blooded Hair Milk from mother Can be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous Regulate temperature Smaller live shorter lives than larger Some live in groups, others are solitary

Clothing

Wear clothing based on the weather Orange hat and orange outerwear Hat with earflaps Gloves Footwear Two layers of socks - polypropylene and wool

Factors of Safety

Weather Pests Emotions Stamina

Think

What you need to do to survive

Stop

When you have a problem Admit you are in trouble

Elevated Stands

Wider field of vision More time Above animal field of vision Scent harder to detect Visibility to other hunters Backstop Injury from falling Heavy to carry No protection from cold and wind No movement

North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Wildlife is public property Wildlife cannot be slaughtered for commercial use Wildlife is allocated by law Wildlife shall be taken by legal and ethical means in the spirit of fair chase and good cause Wildlife is an international resource Wildlife management, use, and conservation shall be based on sound scientific knowledge and principles Hunting, fishing, and trapping shall be democratic

How Hunting Laws Are Passed

Wildlife management agency sets regulations Public meetings to change regulations

Single action

Will fire only after the hammer has been cocked manually Shorter, lighter trigger pull More accurate

Conservation

Wise use of natural resources without wasting them

Treatment of Heat Stroke

Wrap in a sheet and soak with cool—not cold—water. Fan, but don't over-chill. Get to a hospital immediately.

Basic parts of a firearm

action, stock, barrel

Cartridge

ammunition used in rifles and handguns, a case containing primer, gunpowder, and a bullet

Shotshell

ammunition used in shotguns, a case containing primer, gunpowder, wad, and a slug/shot

Gauge

bore diameter of a shotgun

Stock

composed of one or two pieces made of wood or synthetic material

Primer

explosive chemical compound that ignites the gunpowder when struck by firing pin... placed in rim of the case (rimfire) or center of base of case (centerfire)

Repeating firearms

have extra cartridges or shotshells ready in magazine, cylinder, or barrel

Who provides funding for hunter education?

hunters

Bore

inside of the barrel through which the projective travels when fired

Firearm

mechanical device that uses pressure from a burning powder to force a projectile through and out of a metal tube

Receiver

metal housing for the working parts of the action

Barrel

metal tube that projectile travels through

Action

moving parts that load, fire, and eject the shells or cartridges

Shot

multiple pellets fired through a shotgun barrel... size adaptable to game... used to hunt birds and small game animals

Single-shot firearms

must be reloaded each time

Projectile

objects expelled from the barrel Bullet - contains lead, fired through rifle or handgun Shot - group of lead, steel, tungsten alloy, or bismuth pellets

Firearm actions

parts that load, unload, fire, and eject a cartridge or shotshell

Firing pin

pin that strikes the primer of the cartridge, or shotshell, causing ignition of powder

Rimfire ammunition

primer contained in rim of ammunition casing... limited to low-pressure loads

Breech

rear end of barrel

Non-toxic shot

required if waterfowl hunting... steel, tungsten alloy, bismuth

Handguns

short-barreled firearms, either revolvers or semi-automatic

Slug

solid projectile, lead, used with a shotgun

Goal of hunter education programs

to produce knowledgeable, responsible, and involved hunters

Centerfire ammunition

used for rifles, shotguns and handguns... primer located in center of casing base