HW 2 CHAPTER 5

Centromeres divide during metaphase. True False

False

Please select all of the following which are eukaryotic locomotor appendages. Flagella Glycocalyx Endoplasmic reticulum Cilia Cell wall

Flagella Cilia

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Of the microscopic fungi, ____ are filamentous fungi made of long thread-like cells called hyphae while _____ are round or oval-shaped. molds; mushrooms molds; yeast yeast; molds mushrooms; molds

molds; yeast

Please select characteristics exhibited by protozoa to test your understanding of protozoan form, nutrition, and locomotion. Protozoa have a thick cell wall which protects them from dying. Protozoa can move using flagella, pseudopodia, or cilia. Protozoa have an ectoplasm involved in locomotion, feeding, and protection. Protozoa can be free-living or parasitic. Protozoa are typically photoautotrophs.

Protozoa can move using flagella, pseudopodia, or cilia. Protozoa have an ectoplasm involved in locomotion, feeding, and protection. Protozoa can be free-living or parasitic

Please match the representative example of each protozoal group to the characteristics of that group. 1. Balantidium 2. Entamoeba 3. Plasmodium 4. Trypanosoma The Sarcodina move primarily via the use of pseudopods and most contain a single nucleus. correct The Mastigophora contain a single nucleus and move primarily via flagella. correct The Ciliophora move via cilia and most develop cysts. The Apicomplexa are non-motile organisms which produce sporelike cells called sporozoites. correct

1. Balantidium - The Ciliophora move via cilia and most develop cysts. correct 2. Entamoeba - The Sarcodina move primarily via the use of pseudopods and most contain a single nucleus. correct 3. Plasmodium - The Apicomplexa are non-motile organisms which produce sporelike cells called sporozoites. correct 4. Trypanosoma - The Mastigophora contain a single nucleus and move primarily via flagella. correct

Please choose the statement that is incorrect about fungi to test your understanding of their importance in ecology, agriculture, commerce, and medicine. Fungi synthesize antibiotics which inhibit bacterial growth. Fungi decompose organic matter and return the nutrients to the soil. Fungi can be pathogenic to field crops and can rot food during transport. Fungi form associations with plant roots to help them take up water and nutrients. Fungi are only detrimental to the food industry.

Fungi are only detrimental to the food industry.

Please select all of the following that are true regarding fungi. Fungi can be found in two cell forms; hyphae and yeasts. Fungi are autotrophic saprobes. Most fungi obtain nutrients from decaying matter but some fungi can be parasites of living hosts. Unicellular fungi are prokaryotic whereas multicellular fungi are eukaryotic. Fungi are heterotrophic.

Fungi can be found in two cell forms; hyphae and yeasts. Most fungi obtain nutrients from decaying matter but some fungi can be parasites of living hosts. Fungi are heterotrophic.

Which of the following is incorrect about protozoan pathogens? Protozoa can be relatively harmless. Protozoa such as Plasmodium can be spread via vectors. Protozoa cannot be spread through body fluids. Protozoa can cause zoonotic infections and spread from animals to humans. Protozoa such as Trypanosoma can multiply in host tissues causing severe damage.

Protozoa cannot be spread through body fluids.

Please order the following choices, beginning with the infection of a new host, to reflect the life cycle of helminths to test your understanding of helminth biology, life cycles and reproduction. Fertilized eggs are released into the environment where they can infect another host The egg releases larvae. Mating of the adult occurs in the definitive host. The egg enters an intermediate host. Larvae develop into an adult in the definitive host.

The egg enters an intermediate host. The egg releases larvae. Larvae develop into an adult in the definitive host. Mating of the adult occurs in the definitive host. Fertilized eggs are released into the environment where they can infect another host.

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. The algae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic protists that are grouped into ______ (no cell wall and motile by flagella) , ______ (single-celled with golden chloroplasts and intricate cell walls), ______ (cause "red tide"), kelp, red seaweeds and green algae. dinoflagellates; euglenids; diatoms diatoms; dinoflagellates; euglenids dinoflagellates; diatoms; euglenids euglenids; diatoms; dinoflagellates

euglenids; diatoms; dinoflagellates

Choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in order. The two major groups of parasitic helminths include the ____ with a thin, segmented body and the ____ with a cylindrical, unsegmented body. roundworms; flatworms pinworms; roundworms flatworms; roundworms tapeworms; flukes

flatworms; roundworms

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi make up a diverse category of organisms classified as _______, including algae and protozoans. helminths monerans archaeons yeasts protists

protists

Which of the following statements about microtubules during anaphase is TRUE? those attached to chromosomes elongate, while those that are unattached shorten those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate both attached and unattached microtubules shorten both attached and unattached microtubules elongate both attached and unattached microtubules elongate at first and then shorten

those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Most protozoa have a motile, feeding stage known as a(n) _____ which, in some protozoa, alternates with a resting state known as a(n) _____. trophozoite; cyst spore; trophozoite trophozoite; spore cyst; trophozoite

trophozoite; cyst

Please choose the answer that describes the function of the Golgi complex. It synthesizes, stores, and transports lipids. It adds lipids and sugars to proteins and then packages these proteins for transport to their final destination. It synthesizes, stores, and transports proteins. It produces the energy needed to fuel the cell. It stores the DNA of the cell and produces RNA from the DNA.

It adds lipids and sugars to proteins and then packages these proteins for transport to their final destination.

Please select the primary characteristics which are used to classify fungi. Genetic profile Cell wall composition Body type Structure of the hyphae Type of sexual reproduction

Genetic profile Structure of the hyphae Type of sexual reproduction

Please choose the term that describes the outermost boundary of the eukaryotic cell, which is composed of polysaccharides and is responsible for adherence of the cell to other surfaces. Cell membrane Cell wall Cilia Glycocalyx Flagella

Glycocalyx

Please order the following choices to reflect the evolution of the origin of eukaryotic cells and multicellularity. Individual, specialized cells lose the ability to exist independently. Two prokaryotes developed a symbiotic relationship where the smaller prokaryote lived within the larger prokaryote. Colonies of cells began to develop. The smaller prokaryote within the symbiotic relationship developed into an organelle. Certain cells within the colony developed specialized functions.

Two prokaryotes developed a symbiotic relationship where the smaller prokaryote lived within the larger prokaryote. The smaller prokaryote within the symbiotic relationship developed into an organelle. Colonies of cells began to develop. Certain cells within the colony developed specialized functions. Individual, specialized cells lose the ability to exist independently.

Which of the following events do NOT occur in prophase of mitosis? DNA condenses to form chromosomes nuclear membrane breaks down nucleolus breaks down chromosomes are replicated mitotic spindle begins to form

chromosomes are replicated

Please match the cell types with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses. 1. Does not contain organelles but can replicate independently via binary fission 2. Contains a nucleus and undergoes mitosis 3. Does not contain organelles and cannot replicate independently 4. Contains ribosomes and enzymes 5. Contains nucleic acid Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Viruses Prokaryotic cells correct Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells and viruses

1. Does not contain organelles but can replicate independently via binary fission Prokaryotic cells 2. Contains a nucleus and undergoes mitosis Eukaryotic cells 3. Does not contain organelles and cannot replicate independently Viruses 4. Contains ribosomes and enzymes Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells 5. Contains nucleic acid Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells and viruses

Please match the eukaryotic microbe with the description of its body plan. 1. Protozoa 2. Fungi 3. Algae 4. Helminths Eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include mushrooms correct Eukaryotes which are always unicellular correct Photosynthetic eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include seaweed correct Eukaryotes whose adult forms are always multicellular

1. Protozoa - Eukaryotes which are always unicellular correct 2. Fungi - Eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include mushrooms correct 3. Algae - Photosynthetic eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include seaweed correct 4. Helminths - Eukaryotes whose adult forms are always multicellular

Please match the organelles with the statements that most accurately describe their structure and function. 1. This organelle is composed of a series of tunnels within the cell which are used for synthesis, storage and transport of lipids. 2. This organelle, composed of a series of membranes to which ribosomes are attached, functions to process and modify proteins. 3. This organelle is formed of stacks of thylakoids called grana which are responsible for photosynthesis. 4. This organelle contains two membranes of which the inner membrane contains the enzymes and electron carriers that carry out aerobic respiration. 5. This framework, composed of microfilaments and microtubules, serves to anchor other organelles, provide support, and permit movement in some cells. Mitochondrion Chloroplast Rough ER Cytoskeleton Smooth ER

1. This organelle is composed of a series of tunnels within the cell which are used for synthesis, storage and transport of lipids. - Smooth ER correct 2. This organelle, composed of a series of membranes to which ribosomes are attached, functions to process and modify proteins. - Rough ER correct 3. This organelle is formed of stacks of thylakoids called grana which are responsible for photosynthesis. - Chloroplast correct 4. This organelle contains two membranes of which the inner membrane contains the enzymes and electron carriers that carry out aerobic respiration. - Mitochondrion correct 5. This framework, composed of microfilaments and microtubules, serves to anchor other organelles, provide support, and permit movement in some cells. - Cytoskeleton

Please select all of the following which are characteristics of the nucleus to test your understanding of the structure of the nucleus. Contains nuclear pores for transporting materials out of the nucleus Contains a ribosome Contains a granular mass known as a nucleolus Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes Is surrounded by one membrane

Contains nuclear pores for transporting materials out of the nucleus Contains a granular mass known as a nucleolus Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes

Please order the following choices to test your understanding of the stages involved in the synthesis, packaging, and export of proteins. Proteins are chemically modified. Proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles. Proteins are deposited in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. DNA is copied into RNA. Protein is synthesized by the ribosome using an RNA code. Proteins are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.

DNA is copied into RNA. Protein is synthesized by the ribosome using an RNA code. Proteins are deposited in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Proteins are chemically modified. Proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles.

Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs by means of a cleavage furrow. True False

False

Please select the characteristics which have traditionally been used to place plants, animals, and fungi into separate kingdoms. Level of organization Method of reproduction General cell type or body plan Acquisition of nutrients and nutritional requirements Cell shape

Level of organization General cell type or body plan Acquisition of nutrients and nutritional requirements

Please choose the statement that describes the primary medical threat due to algae. Algae grow in lakes and ponds using the oxygen and suffocating fish. Algae are used for food additives. Algae contain endotoxin in their cell wall, which causes a form of shock in humans. Marine algae produce toxins which accumulate in seafood and can cause severe food poisoning. Algae cause infection in human and animal tissues.

Marine algae produce toxins which accumulate in seafood and can cause severe food poisoning.

Please select the cellular structures that are present in ALL eukaryotic cells. Cell wall Mitochondria Nucleus Chloroplast Cytoskeleton

Mitochondria Nucleus Cytoskeleton

The ease of global travel and increased immigration has affected the worldwide distribution of helminth infections. True False

True

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in correct order. The cell ____ is found in fungi and algae to provide structure and support while the cell ____ is found in all eukaryotic cells, is composed of phospholipids, proteins and sterols, and separates the internal cell components from the external environment. wall; glycocalyx wall; membrane membrane; glycocalyx membrane; wall

wall; membrane