HW 5 A&P Practice vertebrae
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton?
5
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
Atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - axis
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Axis
Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.
Body
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
Demi-facet
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? Blunt spinous process Large size overall Elongated spinous process Bulky centrum
Elongated spinous process
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
False
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Inferior articular processes
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? Intervertebral discs Spinal cord Dura mater Spinal nerve roots
Intervertebral discs
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
Sacral
Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.
Spinous process
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? T12 T1 T7 T5
T12
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
Thoracic
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
Transverse costal facet
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Transverse process
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
True
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
True
The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.
True
The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.
appositional growth
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? thyroid hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitriol calcitonin
calcitonin
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
calcitriol
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
calcitriol
What tissue forms the model for endochondrial ossification?
cartilage
Which of the following are correctly matched? compound fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin nondisplaced fracture; the fractured bone ends are misaligned incomplete fracture; the bone is broken through linear fracture; the break is perpendicular to the bone's long axis
compound fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?
epiphyseal plate
The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is __________.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney increase osteoblasts on bone increase osteoclasts
increase osteoblasts on bone
Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions?
lumbar
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? osteoblast osteocyte osteoclast stem cell
osteoclast
Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light? osteoporosis osteomalacia rickets Paget's disease
osteoporosis
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________.
perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
the osteon