HY 121: Midterm
Most Progressives opposed America's entry into World War I as jingoistic, imperialist venturing.
False
In addressing the sense of crisis in the nation, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to reassure the public in his inaugural address, declaring
"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China?
the Open Door policy
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was
Spanish-American War
Russia and Germany suffered under the respective tyrants Stalin and Hitler during the 1930s.
True
The 1936 election saw the crystallizing of the "New Deal coalition"
True
The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.
True
The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba whenever it saw fit.
True
Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?
Alice Paul
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
By 1912, the Socialist Party had dwindled, losing many of their political office posts and lessening ties with radical newspapers and magazines.
False
Ironically, the Farmers Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers.
False
The American Federation of Labor mainly represented unskilled industrial workers.
False
The Supreme Court rarely interfered with the politics of the New Deal
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
While the status of Mexican-Americans improved markedly under the New Deal, that of American Indians grew substantially worse.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
This New Deal program sought to improve the conditions of poor landowning farmers and sharecroppers.
Farm Security Adminstration
Which of the following is true of Franklin D. Roosevelt?
He contracted polio and lost the use of his legs in 1921
Which of the following is attributed to Louis D. Brandeis?
He felt the foremost social problem in America was the contradiction between political liberty and industrial slavery
Why did the Society of American Indians form in 1911?
It was formed to provide Native Americans with remedies for social injustice
Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed whose case became a cause célèbre?
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
This person broadcasted sermons and traveled the country as a revivalist preacher from the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, utilizing elaborate sets, costumes, and special effects borrowed from the movie industry
Aimee Semple McPherson
What U.S. President, a century after the rise of exclusionary immigration laws passed by Congress in the late 1800s, generated a bitter public and international debate for launching an effort to build an actual wall along the U.S.-Mexico border?
President Donald Trump
What did the Twenty-first Amendment do?
Repeal of prohibition of alcohol
This law, considered a major achievement of the maternalist reformers that provided federal assistance to programs for infants and children's health, was later repealed by Congress in 1929.
Sheppard-Towner Act
The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from
Sherman's Field Order 15
The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?
Tulsa, Oklahoma
This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.
War Industries Board
Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of
William Taft
In her influential book, Woman and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reinforced this idea.
Women's freedom lay through the workplace rather than only the domestic scene.
As part of the New Deal, which multifaceted agency was established in 1934 and hired some 3 million Americans, in virtually every walk of life, each year until it ended in 1943?
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from
a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value
William M. Tweed
a disgraced American politician who was convicted for stealing millions of dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption and died in jail. Tweed was head of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York.
The "Open Door" Policy refers to
a key principle of American foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade and investment
What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?
freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men
During the 1920s, a group whose most well-known leader was Billy Sunday and who asserted their conviction in the literal truth of the Bible became known by which term that they coined?
fundamentalists
Which of the following was a strategy of the Populists?
holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community
The series of mass strikes called the "Uprising of the 20,000" in New York included
immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively with their employers
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because
it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender
Which of the following was a principle of the American Federation of Labor?
labor should avoid entanglement in politics to avoid patronage and corruption
The Black Codes were
laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.
Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. Marines landed in Caribbean countries
more than twenty times
At the beginning of 1929, most American families had accumulated
no money in their savings account
Upon taking office in 1921, Warren G. Harding promised a return to
normalcy
President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation which of the following?
offer aid to homeowners threatened with foreclosure
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one-third
A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger
opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.
Those who embraced the new "bohemia" included
people who rejected conventional rules and practices.
The Fifteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution
prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race
The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of
removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
The Redeemers in the South
slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
What product ultimately led the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian islands in the late 1890s?
sugar
The initial flurry of legislation during Roosevelt's first three months in office is called
the "Hundred Days"
In the mid-1930s, Unions of industrial workers, led by John L. Lewis, founded a new labor organization, called
the Congress of Industrial Organizations
In the 1930s, unusually dry weather blew winds over much of the Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado soils, creating
the Dust Bowl
The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was
the Equal Rights Amendment
Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.
the Grange
The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called
the Harlem Renaissance
The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called
the Lost Cause
The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called
the Roosevelt Corollary
President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of
the Russo-Japanese War in Asia of 1905
In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public schoolteacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
the Scopes Trial
American agriculture slid into economic depression years before the stock market crash of 1929.
True
In the nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.
True
Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.
True
One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.
True
Ten of the twelve states that by 1916 had adopted woman suffrage were carried by Wilson in the election that year; without women's votes Wilson would not have been reelected
True
The 1920s was a decade of social tensions between rural and urban Americans, as well as traditional and "modern" Christianity.
True
The 1930s were a decade of dramatic social upheaval
True
The Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the Second Reconstruction.
True
Twenty million people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I.
True
What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?
the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that
the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction
were often arrested and hired out to white landowners
Which of following were sources of violence in America during the Gilded Age?
white supremacist southern attacks on aftican Americans
Which of the following was a military technology used during World War I?
airplanes
The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was
an attack by an armed militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.
The 1887 Dawes Act
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image was called
liberal internationalism
Causes of the "new immigration" included
the outbreak of revolutions and warfare outside of the United States
How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?
10 million
In what year did Congress grant citizenship to all Native Americans?
1924
In early 1929, the income of the wealthiest 5 percent of American families was greater than that of the bottom
60 percent
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was
an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.
In 1903, for the first time in U.S. history, Congress passed a law declaring that a person holding a specific political viewpoint could be banned from entering the nation. These were the
anarchists
A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was
"Dollar Diplomacy"
President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the
"Square Deal"
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
-American newspaper reporter -documenting the squalid living conditions in NYC slums in the 1880s. It served as a basis for future muckraking journalism by exposing the slums to NYC's upper and middle class
Andrew Carnegie
-Captains of Industry who led America into a new industrial era during the late nineteenth century -specialty was steel
John Collier
-The Indian New Deal -tried to increase the access Native Americans had to relief programs and employed more Native Americans. The version that was passed by Congress was much different and did not greatly improve the lives of Native Americans
The Second deal focused on
-improving national resources -security against old age -unemployment and illness -slum clearance -national work relief program
Eugene V. Debs
-labour organizer and Socialist Party candidate for U.S. President -one of the founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
Booker T. Washington
What two countries were not subject to immigration quota limitations under the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924?
Canada and Mexico
In 1875, as sentiment arose to restrict Chinese immigration, Congress passed a law excluding which of the following people from entering the country?
Chinese women
Which of the following was one of the "voices of protest" heard in the United States during the mid-1930s?
Dr. Francis Townsend's Townsend Clubs that sought monthly payments of $200 to elderly Americans
Which of the following is attributed to William "Big Bill" Haywood?
He was accused of instigating the murder of a former anti-union governor
Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?
It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year
What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?
It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote
What were the policy implications of the Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935?
It offered free transportation to those who were born in the Philippines and were willing to return there
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to
Kansas
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and and unskilled worker, women as well as men, blacks along with white, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
Knights of Labor
The West's leading industrial center, a producer of oil, automobiles, aircraft, and Hollywood movies, was
Los Angeles, California
In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.
Munn v. Illinois
The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?
Status of Liberty
"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans
True
Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.
True
Business leaders like Henry Ford and engineers like Herbert Hoover were cultural heroes in the 1920s.
True
By 1890, the majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states.
True
By 1910, more than 40 percent of New York City's population had been born abroad.
True
By 1918, the wealthiest Americans were paying 60 percent of their income in taxes.
True
By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
Cities expanded so rapidly that by 1920 for the first time more Americans lived in towns and cities than in rural areas.
True
During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.
True
Following the outbreak of World War I, the Allied and Central Powers each acted to block American trade with their adversaries.
True
In 1900, the Foraker Act declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," meaning it was different from previous territories in the West.
True
In 1928, Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith was the first Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party.
True
The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes
a loosely defined political movement of people who hoped to bring about social political change in American life
The Committee on Public Information (CPI) flooded the country with prowar propaganda, describing Germany as
a nation of barbaric Huns led by an autocratic Kaiser aligned against freedom
A "carpetbagger" was
a northerner who settled in the South after the war
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?
a pan-Indian movement that involved singing, dancing, and religious obeservances
The "subtreasury plan" was
a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion?
a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources
Which of the following was created by the Social Security Act of 1935, launching the modern American welfare state?
a system of unemployment insurance
Which of the following was a major factor in creation of rapid and profound economic revolution in the United States after the Civil War?
abundant natural resources
The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and
after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram
The Civil Works Administration (CWA) employed more than 4 million people in
construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports
During the Progressive era, economic production shifted from capital goods to
consumer products
What were critics of immigration worried about during this period?
declining birth rate among white women
The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was
disproportionate, as the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent
In the spring of 1932, approximately 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945, and were
driven away by federal soldiers led by army chief of staff Douglas MacArthur
One of the main purposes of the Freedman's Bureau was to
ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders
The Progressive era was time of
explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, and increased industrial production, and "Golden Age" for American agriculture.
The effort undertaken on the part of the federal government to supply cheap electrical power for homes and factories in a seven-state region, preventing flooding, and putting the federal government in the business of selling electricity by building a series of dams was called
the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The Immigration Act of 1924 created this organization, which was charged with policing the land boundaries of the United States and empowered to arrest and deport persons who entered the country in violation of the new national quotas or other restictions
the U.S. Border Patrol
Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that
the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race
What 1935 law outlawed "unfair labor practices," and was known at the time as "Labor's Magna Carta"?
the Wagner Act
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by
the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Which of the following were addressed in the Johnson-Reed, or Immigration Act of 1924?
the establishing of no limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere
The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create
the first national biracial democracy in world history
Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as
the moving assembly line
In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?
they should have no role in shaping policies
Of all the mass consumption activities, this was the most popular form of mass entertainment
vaudeville