IAH 211C
what are the most important racial groups that populated Latin America since 1942?
1. Africans 2. Native Americans 3. Europeans 4. Spaniards 5. Portuguese
encomienda system was made in the...
16th century
9. the independence movements in the Spanish colonies in the Americas were affected by events in Europe. What specific event directly helped these movements rise and fight for independence from Spain?
Napolean's invasion of Spain in 1808
the Spanish considered the conquest of the New World as the logical continuation of ______
the reconquest of Spain
What major geographical features determined both the climate and the development of settlements and cultures of Latin America A. Names B. Specific location
1. Andes altiplano Brazilian highlands Amazon 2. Andes altiplano: Peru Brazillian highlands: Brazil Amazon River: located in the northern portion of South America, flowing from west to east. The river system originates in the Andes Mountains of Peru.
1. Name as many countries as you possibly can associate with Latin America
1. Brazil 2. Argentina 3. Chile 4. Peru 5. Venezuela 6. Columbia 7. Panama 8. Guatemala
2. which among the largest cities are the 3 most important cultural centers in Latin America today
1. Mexico city 2. Buenos Aires 3. Sao palo
2. Name 6 of the largest cities in Latin America
1. Mexico city 2. Lima 3. San Paulo 4. Rio de Janeiro 5. Bogota 6. Santiago
10. Brazil's independence from Portugal was very different from the independence of the Spanish colonies from Spain because:
1. Portugal's relation to its colonies was much more flexible than that of Spain with its colonies, thus diminishing the hatred felt by the Brazillian creole elites towards their Portuguese kings and preventing war 2. the temporary move of the Portuguese court and King to Brazil(escaping Napoleon's invasion of Portugal) between 1808-1821 both enhanced Brazil's status in the Portuguese empire and facilitated Brazil's declaration of independence without a major war with Portugal 3. Growing up in Brazil, the Portuguese Prince Pedro (son of the king of Portugal) allied with Brazil's Creole elite planters and declared the independence of Brazil without bloodshed. The king's father in Portugal and the prince son in Brazil were not going to engage in war.
what were 6 of the most important events from begining to end shown in the movie and discussed in classes well.
1. Spanish inquisition 2. fall of Granda 3. Funeral Prye 4. Departure 5. Royal Honors 6. Building communities in New World - bell scene
Like in the rest of the Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Spanish conquistadors in Cuba (T/F) 1. Had descendants who became the rich creole landed aristocracy of Cuba 2. brought African slaves in great numbers soon after discovering the island in 1942 3. did NOT obtain land or Indians but obtained gold and silver from rich Cuban mines instead 4. were granted land and Indians under the Encomienda system 5. Brought many Chinese workers to work on their plantations
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
The rich Cuban creole liked the idea of independence from Spain because it meant (true/false) 1. freedom from Spanish taxation and be able to have free trade 2. they could govern Cuba themselves and become richer 3. equality for all Cubans, including mestizos, mulattoes, and African slaves 4. the emancipation/ freedom for the Cuban African slaves 5. political equality for them (the Creole) with Peninsulares in Cuba
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
By the late 1700s and early 1800s (true or false) 1. No other Spanish colony faced such a grave threat of radical revolution and racial war as Cuba 2. No other Spanish colony in the Americas depended so heavily on Africa slave labor as Cuba 3. Cuba, like the mainland colonies (like New Spain and Peru), depended heavily on lard Indian populations to labor in Cuban haciendas and gold mines 4. No other Spanish colony experienced such a late economic boom as Cuba
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T
the course of history in Cuba was changed significantly, becoming a very wealthy colony, as a result of ____ (T/F) 1. the destruction of sugar plantations in Haiti in 1804 because of the slave revolution 2. the English colonies in the Americas becoming a trading partner with Cuba 3. The french invading Cuba in the early 1800s 4. The expansion of cattle ranches, which dominated the cuban economy through out the island in the 1880s 5. the British invading Havana in 1762
1. T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T
4. In attempting to mange its colonies, Spain
1. did not allow the Spanish colonies to trade among them 2. monopolized access to the wealth of the New World (especially silver and gold) 3. maintained complete control over trade in its colonies, allowing them to trade only with Spain
from the beginning of the 1800s, different presidents of the United States
1. feared that Cuba might be acquired by Great Britain before the U.S. could get it 2. offered to buy Cuba from Spain 3. feared the independence of Cuba from Spain as another colony where the majority of the population was African
3. Given the policies/attitudes of Spain and Portugal with respect to the mixing of races, Latin America
1. gave rise to largely multicultural, racially mixed societies 2. gave rise to syncretic religions, blending catholic beliefs with the religious beliefs of native cultures and those of West African cultures brought by slaves
As Spain's economic power declined in the 1700s and 1800s, the Cuban planters engaged more and more in trade with
1. the English and their American colonies
in the 1500s, the city of Havana grew because
1. the Spanish fleets would congregate in Havana and needed to be supplied with food and other necessities thus promotion commerce in Cuba 2. Havana was strategically located on the path of the Spanish fleets on route to Spain from the other Spanish colonies carrying the gold and silver from New Spain and Peru
Because the gold and silver of the Spanish colonies in the New World was transported through the Caribbean sea on its way to Spain, the Caribbean became _______
1. the battleground of European superpowers 2. a place for settlements by the English, the French, and the Dutch in different islands 3. the stage/place for competition between Spain and its rivals
The prevailing/most important system of production in Cuba's economy, from the late 1700s up to the 1880s, was --> circle all incorrect 1. tobaccos farms worked by African slaves 2. sugar plantations worked by African slaves 3. gold and silver mines in the eastern mountains of Cuba 4. cattle ranches worked by African slaves
1. tobaccos farms worked by African slaves 3. gold and silver mines in the eastern mountains of Cuba 4. cattle ranches worked by African slaves
5. How can this fact be explained? what historical events/factors contribute to these two European languages ( and not others) being spoken the most? (XXX)
A. Colombus arrival - brought the communities of people speaking different languages as well as the catholic church B. ()
How far North in the Americas did Spanish territory reach in the 1500s A. on the pacific coast/west coast B. On the Atlantic coast/East coast
A. Oregon B. North Carolina
4. which are the Most spoken languages in Latin America
A. Portuguese B. Spanish
3. A. Why was La tin America given this name? (XXX) B. Why the "Latin" in Latin America?
A. The term Latin America was coined to denote that the countries in the region all speak a "romance language" derived from Latin. This includes Spanish, Portuguese, and French B. Many of the languages spoken in latin America remain languages which all derive from the mother language Latin
A. names the most important river system in Latin America B. where specifically is it located
A. the Amazon is ranked as the most important river system in latin America B. The Amazon River is located in the northern portion of South America, flowing from west to east. The river system originates in the Andes Mountains of Peru.
6. fill in the blank in the chart with all 6 social groups - at the top of societ/powerful elites ________+_________ - Below them ________+_________ - At the very bottom of society ________+_________
Creole + peninsulares Mulattoes + Mestizos Africans + Native Americans
As Spain gradually lost control and the wealth of other colonies in the Americas (at the end of the 1700s and the beginning of the 1800s),___
Cuba became more and more important for Spain
What was the "treaty of Tordesillas?" How did this treaty affect Latin Americans history and the history of all the Americas? specific places, names, time periods
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494, to the West of the north-south line was Spanish territory and to the east was Portuguese territory Treaty of Tordesillas, (June 7, 1494), was an agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus. This treaty determined what territories in the New World were settled by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the first 100 years after the "discovery" in 1492 and prior to other European kingdoms claiming lands in the New World. An imaginary line running pole to pole where Portugal was given everything discovered for 180 degrees east and Spain everything for 180 degrees west.
6. Name 3 European nations that engaged in pirating in the 1500s-1600s in the New World, particularly in the Caribbean
a. The English b. the dutch c. the french
5. the two most powerful social groups in the colonies of Spain were
a. peninsulares b. criollos/Creole
2. In many ways, the conquest of the New World by the Spanish and Portuguese was:
an extension of their reconquest process carried out for 7 centuries in Spain and Portugal in Europe
Name 4 of the most advanced Native American civilizations that existed in Latin America and their locations
civilizations: Mayans, Incans, Native Americans, Chibchas Location: Chibchas: highland valleys of northern andes Aztecs: central valley of mexico Inca: peru, altiplano Mayans: Mexico and Central America Guarani: Paraguay Tupi: brazil
7. Which one of these groups in became large landowners/plantation owners through the centuries of colonialism becoming a proud New World nobility that the kings of Spain had to deal with in negotiating for power in the New World
criollos/Creole
Cuban distince cultre as it is today began to emerge when?
during the sugar plantation period in the late 1700s-1800s
1. During the colonial period, Spain subdivided its territories in _____
four viceroyalities or smaller kingdoms
The rich Cuban creole faced a serious dilemma in the early 1800s ---> circle the only IN correct one 1. if they joined the united states union (through annexations), they might be able to keep their plantations and slave as long as the US did not abolish slavery 2. if they drive the Peninsulares and the Spanish army out of Cuba, they may face a slave revolt (as in Haiti) and lose their plantations and slaves 3. if they switch from sugar to extensive tobacco production, they may be able to safe their plantations and not lose their slaves
if they switch from sugar to extensive tobacco production, they may be able to safe their plantations and not lose their slaves
8. Which one of the groups was in charge of government in the New World? its members were appointed by the kind in Spain to deal with politics (negotiating for power in the new world). therefore, this group experience frictions with the rich landowners/plantation owners in the new world
peninsulares
two ports for spanish fleets
porto bello vera cruz
Which European power gave a boost to the slave trade in Cuba in the 1700s, supplying lots of slave to Cuban planters?
the English