IB Biology II Semester Exam Review

a body cell of a goat has 60 chromosomes. what would be produced following meiosis in the testis of a male goat?

d. 4 cells, each with 30 chromosomes

in a dna double helix, complementary base pairing between

cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine

the sequence of nucleotides in a section of RNA is GCCAUACGAUCG. what is the base sequence of the DNA sense strand?

B. GCCATACGATCG

which evidence falsifies the davson-danielli model? I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilayer II. non-polar amino acides cause proteins to remain embedded in membranes III. membrane proteins remain in a fixed position inside a membrane

B. I and II only

Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules? a. peptide: I, III sugar molecules: II B. peptide: III sugar molecules: II, IV C. peptide: I, III, IV sugar molecules: II D. peptide: I sugar molecules: III, IV

B. peptide: III sugar molecules: II, IV

the anitsense strand of a dna molecule has the sequence TACCCGATC. what is the resulting mRNA sequence?

D. AUGGGCUAG

Define metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all enzyme catalyzed reactions within the body

the percentage of thymine in the dna of an organism is approximately 30%. what is the % of guanine?

d. 20%

during which phase of the first division of meiosis can non-disjunction take place and what structure is affected by the non-disjunction?

a. (meiotic phase) anaphase, (structure) chromosomes

what actions occur during interphase?

a. DNA replication and RNA synthesis

which types of interactions are found in a part of a protein with secondary but not tertiary structure? I. hydrogen bonds II. disulphide bridges III. Ionic bonds a. I only b. I and II only c. II and III only d. I, II, AND III

a. I only

Maize contains 20 chromosomes in a diploid cell. How many chromosomes will be in each cell after the first and second division of meiosis?

a. after first meiotic division: 10, after second meiotic division: 10

The image shows the structural formula of a molecule. que es? a. amino acid b. ribose c. deoxyribose d. lactose

a. amino acid

What is the process shown in this image?

a. binary fission

what is an example of binary fission?

a. cell division in prokaryotes

what causes genetic variety in the formation of gametes during meiosis?

a. crossing over in prophase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes in metaphase I

three processes occurring in a cell during interphase of the cell cycle but not in mitosis?

a. dna replication, protein synthesis, duplication of organelles

When do chiasmata form in meiosis?

a. during prophase I

which function is accomplished by structure 2 and the green circle thing above it?

a. homeostasis and digestion

what describes non competitive inhibition? a. inhibiting molecule does not resemble substrate and binds to an area other than active site b. inhibiting molecule resembles substrate and binds to active site c. inhibiting molecule does not resemble substrate and binds to active site d. inhibiting molecule resembles substrate and binds to an area other than active site

a. inhibiting molecule does not resemble substrate and binds to an area other than active site

during which stage does the cell surface area to vol ratio increase?

a. interphase

what is a consequence of the specific heat capacity for liquid water, ice, and water vapour? liquid water=4.187 kJkg-1K-1 ice= 2.108 kJkg-1K-1 water vapour- 1.996 kJkg-1K-1 a. less energy is needed to water water vapour than liquid water b. salt dissolves more readily in liquid water than in ice c. small insects can walk on liquid water d. ice floats on liquid water

a. less energy is needed to water water vapour than liquid water

which sequence shows increasing relative size? (smallest to biggest)

a. membrane thickness, virus, bacterium

for what purpose is the enzyme lactase useful? a. production of lactose free milk so that more people can consume dairy b. as a dietary supplement to aid in protein digestion of milk c. for use in coagulating milk protein to make cheese d. to improve protein consumption

a. production of lactose free milk so that more people can consume dairy

what is proportional to a cell's surface?

a. rate of exchange or materials

what effect would adding an enzyme have on energy changes during the reaction? a. reduce energy change I b. reduce energy change II c. increase energy change II d. increase energy change III

a. reduce energy change I

What is the name of this sugar? a. ribose b. steroid c. amino acid d. glucose

a. ribose

what are introns?

a. sequences of nucleotides that are removed to form mature RNA in eukaryotes

Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water? a. sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood b. movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem c. water is the coolant in sweat d. ice floats on liquid water

a. sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood

which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt's disease?

a. they can differentiate into retinal cells.

what is the reason for okazaki fragments being formed during dna replication?

a. to enable replication of the 3' -> 5' lagging strand

What is an allosteric site? a.the area on an enzyme that binds the end product of a metabolic pathway b. the area on a competitor molecule that inhibits an enzyme reaction c. the site on an enzyme where the substrate binds d. the active part of a non competitive

a.the area on an enzyme that binds the end product of a metabolic pathway

which is the activation energy of a reaction when it is catalyzed by an enzyme? a. b. c. d. e.

b

how many autosomes are there in a human sperm?

b. 22

Why is sweat a good coolant for the body? A. The arterioles that transfer water to sweat move closer to the skin surface when it is hot. B. Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat. C. Sweat contains minerals such as sodium chloride. D. Sweat is non-polar.

b. Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat

Which diagram represents the polarity of a water molecule? a. O+, H-, H- b. O-, H+, H+ c. O-, H-, H+ d. O+, H-, H+

b. O-, H+, H+

during which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes duplicate?

b. S

What are Okazaki fragments?

b. Short lengths of single-stranded DNA made on the lagging strand.

what is a difference between a cell in the G1 phase and a cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

b. a cell in the G2 phase would have more mitochondria than a cell in G1

Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name? A. D-ribose B. Amino Acid C. Phospholipid D. Beta D-glucose

b. amino acid

which substance is used for structure in plants?

b. cellulose

what type of molecule is shown in this diagram? a. trans saturated fatty acid b. cis unsaturated fatty acid c. cis saturated fatty acid d. trans unsaturated fatty acid

b. cis unsaturated fatty acid

what occurs during dna replication?

b. dna molecules containing nucleotides from the original molecule are produced

what happens during the formation of okazaki fragments?

b. dna polymerase III adds nucleotides in the 5' -> 3' direction

what makes up eukaryotic rna immediately after transcription?

b. exons and introns

what is this type of movement?

b. facilitated diffusion

what is required to replicate dna?

b. free nucleotides carrying a, c, g, and t bases

what features of a cell favor efficient removal of waste products? (SA and Vol.)

b. high sa, low vol

how does a competitive inhibitor interact with an enzyme? a. it binds to the active site, denaturing the enzyme. b. it binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding. c. it binds to an allosteric site, causing conformational change of the enzyme d. it binds to the allosteric site, causing competition with the substrate

b. it binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

what characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid? A. it is made of carbon rings b. it has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon c. it contains OH groups as do fatty acids d. it is made only of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

b. it has a very low proportion of oxygen to hydrogen

what property of water makes it suitable as a coolant? a. it takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water b. it takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate c. water molecules are cohesive and stick to the skin. d. water is a good solvent so it can transport heat from the body

b. it takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate

which phase of mitosis is shown in the micrograph?

b. metaphase

what describes nuclear division in stem cells?

b. mitosis

which functions of life are carried out by all organisms? a. photosynthesis, nutrition, homeostasis b. nutrition, reproduction, response c. metabolsim, photosynthesis, growth d. growth, reproduction, photosynthesis

b. nutrition, reproduction, response

what is a function of the plant cell wall?

b. prevention of excessive water uptake

a substrate undergoes a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to form intermediate substances X, Y, and final product. What would be the effect on the reaction of adding a competitive inhibitior to enzyme 2? substrate -enzyme 1-> intermediate x -enzyme 2-> intermediate y -enzyme 3-> final product a. the substrate would not react to form intermediate x b. the concentration of intermediate x would increase c. the activity of enzyme 3 would increase to compensate d. no final product would be formed

b. the concentration of intermediate x would increase

the salt concentration in the Paramecium is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium suddenly drops to .2%. What will be the likely response?

b. the contractile vacuole will expel more water

which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory?

b. they contain more than one nucleus

in a dna double helix, deoxyribose bonds to a

base and phosphate

in a dna double helix, hydrogen bonds form the bond between the

bases

the micrograph shows four different phases from meiosis II, what is the correct order?

c. 4, 3, 2, 1

which of the following statements is/are correct for dna replication? I. it occurs during interphase II. it is semi-conservative III. it is a stage in protein synthesis

c. I and II only

What do all human males inherit from their mother? I. an X chromosome II. a Y chromosome III. mirochondrial DNA

c. I and III only

what procedure(s) could have been involved in the creation of the karyotype? I. chorionic villus sampling II. dna profiling III. amniocentesis

c. I and III only

in which processes do nucleosomes play a role in eukaryotes? I. tRNA activation II. transcription regulation III. dna supercoiling

c. II and III only

which of the following processes take place during interphase in animal cells? I. spindle formation II. transcription and translation III. increase in numbers of mitochondria

c. II and III only

what is a feature of transcription?

c. RNA polymerase binds to promoter region

the graph shows the rate of enzymatic reaction versus the substrate concentration, in the absence or presence of an enzyme inhibitor. Which condition is indicated by lines Y and Z? a. Y: non competitive inhibitor present, z: no inhibitor b. Y: non competitive inhibitor present, z: competitive inhibitor c. Y: competitive inhibitor present, z: non competitive inhibitor d. Y: competitive inhibitor present, z: no inhibitor

c. Y: competitive inhibitor present, z: non competitive inhibitor

what stage of meiosis is shown in the micrograph?

c. anaphase I

what description is matched with the correct phase in meiosis I? a. prophase I: recombination occurs only between sister chromatids b. metaphase I: homologous chromosomes join together at each end of the cell c. anaphase I: homologous chromosomes are pulled apart d. telophase I: two diploid nuclei are produced

c. anaphase I: homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

what are stem cells? a. specialized cells that can be used therapeutically b. surplus cells taken from an embryo c. cells that retain their ability to divide and differentiate d. cells in the xylem and phloem tissues that support a plant

c. cells that retain their ability to divide and differentiate

Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer? a. it is non polar and therefore hydrophobic b. its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel c. its polar and therefore hydrophillic d. its covalent bonds interact with the phospholipids

c. its polar and therefore hydrophillic

the graph shows an example of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. what does the curve labeled z represent? a. no inhibition b. competitive inhibition c. non competitive inhibition d. reversible inhibition

c. non comptetitive inhibition

in one of the curves in the graph, the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction has been plotted against the substrate concentration in presence of a small quantity of a competitive inhibitor. Which curve represents competitive inhibition? a. black b. blue c. purple

c. purple

what event occurs only in meiosis?

c. random separation of homologous chromosomes

what is meiosis?

c. reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei

Which types of molecule are shown in the diagrams? a. amino acid, fatty acid, ribose b. glucose, amino acid, fatty acid c. ribose, amino acid, fatty acid d. fatty acid, glucose, amino acid

c. ribose, amino acid, fatty acid

what happens during transcription in eukaryotes?

c. rna polymerase separates dna strands

which carbohydrates are used to provide energy storage in plants and animals? a. starch, glucose b. cellulose, glycogen c. starch, glycogen d. maltose, glucose

c. starch, glycogen

what end of dna is the 3' end?

c. the end with the #3 carbon

what is the role of vesicles in pancreatic exocrine cells?

c. to move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis

which statement aplies to transcription in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

c. transcription takes place in the cell nucleus

the following events occur during mitosis. what is the correct sequence of events? x: attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres y: movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles z: supercoiling of chromosomes

c. z -> x -> y

what type of chemical reaction occurs when lactose is digested into glucose and galactose?

catabolic reation

outline cell theory

cell theory is that all living things are made of cells, cells come from other cells, and cells are the basic units of life

The diagram shows the concentration of four cyclins during the cell cycle. Which curve represents the cyclin that promotes the assembly of the mitotic spindle?

d.

how does meiosis cause mendel's law of independent assortment?

d. alleles that are not in the same linkage group are segregated

at which stage of meiosis does a pair of sister chromatids separate?

d. anaphase I

Which carbon compound produced by living organisms is inorganic? a. dna b. cellulose c. glucose d. carbon dioxide

d. carbon dioxide

what is decreased when lactase is added to milk? a. sweetness b. disaccharides c. calcium d. monosaccharides

d. disaccharides

what causes cells to differentiate? (1.1 quiz)

d. expression of some genes with suppression of other genes

which sugars are monosaccharides and disaccharides? a. fructose, galactose b.. lactose, maltose c. sucrose, fructose d. galactose, lactose

d. galactose, lactose

what happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? a. it decreases, so production of waste is reduced b. it increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased. c. it increases, so osmosis is reduced. d. it decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.

d. it decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.

which statement describes glycogen? a. it is a hormone involved in the control of blood glucose b. it is a component of the cell wall in plants c. is it a monosaccharide converted to pyruvate during cell respiration d. it is a polysaccharide found in animals

d. it is a polysaccharide found in animals

what distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

d. no internal membrane compartments (pro), internal membrane components (eu)

Which is a difference between prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells?

d. no mitochondria (pro), mitochondria (eu)

how does dna replicate?

d. nucleotides are linked in a 5' to 3' direction and the new strands are parallel to the template strands

what structures are part of an Escherichia coli cell?

d. pili, flagella, and cytoplasm

what is an example of the therapeutic use of stem cells?

d. restoration of insulation tissue in neurons

what are changes in dna methylation during embryonic development?

d. the methylation patterns of both parents are erased after fertilization

which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use?

d. they can differentiate into specialized cells.

why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?

d. they show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells

in which situations are alleles exchanged?

d. when chiasmata are formed between non-sister chromatids

where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used?

d. within the cytoplasm

glucose and galactose are examples of monosaccarides. another example?

fructose

Draw molecular diagrams to show the condensation reaction between two amino acids to form a dipeptide.

xx