IB - DP - Design - Unit 7 - User-Centred Design (UCD)

7.5 ACT Model

A criteria to enhance emotional connection Attract, Converse and Transactions.

7.3 Anti - Personae

A person that the design is entirely not intended for therefore again picking up problems not yet perceived.

7.3 Primary Personae

A person/group who are selected for their common characteristics of age, gender, purchasing behaviour etc. The groups are defined by the pursuit of their goals or needs. Used for questionnaires or participating in interviews, or a mixture of both.

7.5 Socio-pleasure

A pleasure that gives one a sense of community and social status.

7.5 Physio-pleasure

A pleasure that gives you physical pleasure e.g. taste.

7.4 Questionnaires

A series of questions (Questions vary). Data gathered from the questions are used to inform design decisions.

7.4 Affinity Diagram

A team exercise that helps organise ideas or concepts individually then as a team to generate relationships.

7.4 Focus Group

Commonly used in Market research as an evaluation tool that gathers information on the product.

7.1 Inclusive Design

Design for accessibility physically and mentally; equity in use, flexible in service/error, easily understood, low physical effort, space to undergo task.

7.4 Participatory Design

Designers gather information on how usable an application or product is by exposing the design to the user. Prototypes or finished products can be tested.

7.4 Usability Testing

Designers observe small groups on a task to look for actions. Concurrent Think Aloud CTA can be employed. This is coupled with a questionnaire or interview to gather further research after the event.

7.5 Design for Emotion

Designing to envoke an emotional response.

7.2 Enhanced usability

Expands and extends the usability of a product. E.g. computer Icons, clear web layout, and format and text to speech software.

7.2 Usability

ISO 9441-11 "The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use."

7.1 Concept (5 stages of UCD)

Initial designs that satisfy and fulfill the needs of the user.

7.1 Launch (5 stages of UCD)

Introduction to the general market through marketing and sales for general consumption.

7.3 Secondary Personae

Not the primary personae but needs should be met in order to anticipate user problems that are not picked up by the primary user.

7.1 Design (5 stages of UCD)

Objectively critiquing initial designs from the initial design stage and developing a select number of ideas to make ideas more tangible

7.1 Research (5 stages of UCD)

Observing the way in which users interact with the product to complete a task. Analysing and drawing the conclusion. Research methods vary.

7.4 Interviews (Standardised)

Open-ended questions are carefully scripted. Ads: Enables comparability of qualitative interviews. Dis: Doesn't offer as much flexibility to respond to topics that unfold during the interview.

7.5 Psycho-pleasure

Pleasure from thinking challenges.

7.5 Ideo-pleasure

Pleasure that enhances one's beliefs/philosophy.

7.4 Interviews (Semi-structured)

Preliminary questions sent to the interviewee, therefore, allowing for detailed thoughts to be collected. Ads: Systematically captures data across interviewees. Dis: Doesn't offer as much flexibility.

7.4 Qualitative

Research that gives highly personal responses but not easily data processed.

7.4 Quantitative

Research that gives you a high amount of information that is general and easily analysed, however subject to validity bias.

7.4 Prototype

Scaled mock-up of the design with limited/no functionality.

7.4 Interviews (Informal)

Spontaneous questions as they unfold. Ads: Allows the researcher to be responsive to individual differences. Dis: May generate less systematic data, which is difficult to quantify.

7.1 Implementing (5 stages of UCD)

Users test real prototypes which are then monitored to gain feedback.

7.4 Observations

Watching and gathering information. Ads: It offers contextual data on settings, interactions, and unrecognized problems. Dis: Behaviours observed during direct observation may be unusual or atypical thus data is hard to interpret, noise interference, Performed on finished products.