IDFX: Practice Mock Exam
A designer has determined that a client needs about 8000 ft2 (740 m2) of usable office space. The leasing agent for the building says that the rentable-usable ration will be 1.25. Approximately how much area should the interior designer recommend that the client lease?
10,000 ft2 Explanation: The rentable area is calculated by multiplying the usable area by the rentable-usable ratio. The usable area includes the net assignable area plus allowance for circulation, so no increase for this is required.
An interior designer has specified a single downlight to illuminate a pedestal directly below. If the downlight produces 1470 candlepower (cp) and is 7 ft above the pedestal, the illumnination on the pedestal is __________ footcandles (fc).
30 FC explanation: The answer is 30 ft. For a point source of light, the illumination, E, on a surface varies directly with the luminous intensity, I, of the source and inversely with the square of the distance, d, between the source and the point. E=I/d2 =1470/72 =30FC
A clothing store located on the ground floor contains 15,000 ft2 (1394 m2) of retail area, a 2000 ft2(186 m2) space for fashion shows for a seated audience with small cocktail tables, and a 3000 ft2 (279 m2) stock room. Using the table shown, determine the total occupant load:
394 occupants Explanation: From the table, mercantile areas have an occupant load of 60 ft2 (5.6 m2) per occupant. An assembly area without fixed seats of unconcentrated use has an occupant load of 15 ft2 ( 1.4 m2). A stock room has an occupant load of 300 ft2 (27.9 m2) per occupant. Therefore, mercantile=15,000ft2/60ft2 occupant load = 250 occupants assembly = 2000 ft2/15 ft2 occupant load = 133.33 occupants (round up to 134 occupants) stock room = 3000 ft2/300 ft2 occupant load = 10 occupants total= 250 occupants in the retail area + 134 occupants in the fashion show area + 10 occupants in the stock room for a total of 394 occupants
In a fully sprinklered office building, how many sprinklers would be required in a room measuring 20 ft x 25 ft (6100 mm x 7620 mm)?
4 sprinklers explanation: The only way to locate sprinklers such that the maximum spacing between heads is 15 ft ( 4570 mm) and the maximum spacing from the walls is 7 1 h ft (2285 mm) is to use four heads.
A 216 pitch carpet has
8 surface yarns per inch (25 mm) explanation: Pitch is the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27 in ( 686 mm) width. To convert this measurement to gauge (the spacing between stitches), divide 27 in (686 mm) into 216 stitches. This gives 8 stitches/in, or 8 surface yarns/in. The equivalent gauge, therefore, is 1/8.
Refer to the illustration, which shows a reflected ceiling plan for an office space (do not use the ceiling grid as a scale). What is the maximum spacing of the sprinkler heads indicated by A and B, in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 for light hazard occupancies?
A = 71/2 ft, B = 15 ft (2286 mm, 4572 mm) explanation: For light hazard occupancies, NFPA 13 requires one sprinkler for each 225 ft2 (18.6 m2) of area. This means a maximum spacing of 15 ft (4572 mm) is permitted between sprinklers. In addition, no sprinkler can be farther than 7½ ft (2286 mm) from any wall.
A window covering that is made from fabric and is generally not intended to be opened is called
A curtain explanation: an Austrian shade, vertical blind, drapery are generally not intended to be opened.
Which of the following is a true statement about the difference between a programmatric concept and a design concept?
A design concept specifies a particular way to achieve the programmatic concept. Explanation: There are usually more design concepts than there are programmatic concepts. A programmatic concept is a performance requirement, not the other way around. Design concepts are based on and generated after programmatic concepts, not before.
Which of the following are critical planning concerns for a commercial office space?
Adjacencies, Daylighting, Means Of Egress, Efficiency Factor
What characterizes an isometric drawing?
All axes are drawn to the same scale.
Which of the following statements is true about seismic restraint for suspended acoustical ceilings in seismic design categories D, E, and F as defined in the International Building Code (IBC)?
All ceiling-high partitions must be braced independently from the grid. explanation: Seismic design categories D, E, and F are the most restrictive and require that ceiling-high partitions be braced independently from the ceiling grid. Option B is incorrect because the IBC states that the seismic design category must be determined by a structural engineer or architect, not by the interior designer. Option C is incorrect because in seismic design categories D, E, and F, the ceiling grid must be attached to the ceiling angles on two adjacent walls and not attached on the opposite sides of those walls to allow for movement. In seismic design category C, the grid must not be attached to any of the perimeter trim. Option D is incorrect because compression struts and lateral bracing are required at 12 ft, or 144 in (3.66 m), on center.
The illustration shown represents a(n)
Area Diagram explanation: The illustration is an example of an area diagram showing the relative square footage required for the various rooms or spaces. A block diagram shows rough areas of assignable space within the building floor plan and with their required adjacencies. Function assignments and departmental groupings are not names used in preliminary planning.
A restaurant in an old building is undergoing remodeling. Which of the following existing building elements would have the MOST influence over the space plan for the proposed dining area?
Building Dimensions
The cover sheet on a set of interior design construction drawings typically includes which of the following?
Building department data client's name and address index to drawings symbols used on the drawings
An interior designer is consulting with an architect for a new bariatric care facility. What does the interior designer need to be most concerned with?
Chairs and Other Seating Integration of bariatric seating with standard seating equipment storage bedside amenities such as refrigerators
Which of the following are correct statements about corridors?
Corridors are part of the exit access Corridors must be used exclusively for egress Corridors are included in calculating travel distance explanation: Corridors are part of the exit access portion of the egress system, not the exit portion. This means that they are used for calculating travel distance, but they do not necessarily have to be fire rated (although they usually are). Also, by definition, they must be used exclusively for egress. Dead-end corridors are allowed within certain limitations; for example, to 20 ft ( 6096 mm) in a nonsprinklered building.
Important criteria for designing a lighting cove would include which of the following?
Cost Design Intent Aesthetics Lighting Level
Which of the following items does NFPA 701 relate to?
Draperies Explanation: NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests far Flame-Propagation of Textiles and Films, establishes testing procedures for window treatments. This is also known as FR 701, so the important thing is to recognize the 701 designation
Which of these diagrams would be most appropriate for the planning of a small shopping mall?
Explanation: Diagram A represents a single double-loaded corridor concept with possible entries at one end or in the middle of the mall. The circles could also represent anchor stores at either end of the mall. The anchor stores encourage shoppers to move from one end to the other, with the entry perpendicular to the corridor. Once shoppers are in the mall, they can see the end and know where they are. This arrangement also offers an opportunity for stores to have exterior exposure with windows, secondary entries, or back entries for deliveries.
An interior designer is looking for independent, third-party information specifically about a carpet's volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. The BEST source would be the
Green Label Plus program explanation: The best source for independent, third-party information specifically about a carpet's VOC emissions is the Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus program. This program tests carpets (as well as cushions and adhesives) to identify products that have low VOC emissions.While the GreenSpec Directory (which is a directory of environmentally preferable products) and the Greenguard Environmental Institute (which establishes indoor air standards for indoor products) will have information about a carpet's VOCs, neither of these is specific to carpet. The U.S. Green Building Council developed the LEED rating systems; it does not produce information about carpet VOC emissions.
The BEST way to gather programming information from workers in a large office is through
Interviews Explanation: Client interviews are one of the best ways to gather valuable information about the needs and wants of a given population. Interviews combine targeted question-and-answer sessions with observation and extemporaneous exploration of issues.Observation alone only shows what currently exists and not what may be needed. Questionnaires can be useful, but people only respond to specific questions, and it is difficult to ensure the questionnaires are completed accurately. Benchmarks are average data about a given topic, such as the typical area of an office, and are not an information-gathering technique.
According to the affinity matrix shown, to which rooms must the kitchen be adjacent? (Choose the three that apply)
Living Room, Laundry, Dining Room
One basic theory about how inherent human motivation acts as a psychological influence on socialization and design is
Maslow's hierarchy of needs explanation: Maslow's conceptual model is based on an inherent hierarchy of needs, as shown in the figure. The hierarchy ranges from the most basic deficiency needs, such as the need for food, water, and minimal bodily comforts, to higher-level needs, such as the need for belonging, the need for aesthetic satisfaction, and the need for self-actualization. The ability to satisfy these needs can affect a person's activities and interactions with their environment. According to behavior setting theory, there are definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time. These patterns of behavior are useful for connecting human activity with the effects of the physical environment. Proxemics describes how people use space as a specialized elaboration of culture. This theory also deals with issues such as spacing between people, territoriality, and the organization of space. McClelland's theory states that every person has one of three main driving motivators: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, or the need for power. These motivators are developed through learning and development rather than being inherent in a person's nature.
Which of the following pairs of building code requirements is MOST critical for the interior designer to know before starting the preliminary space planning?
Number of exits and maximum distance to exits explanation: Although there are many building code requirements that the designer needs to know before starting to plan, of the options given, only the number of exits and the maximum distance to exits are critical for preliminary space layout.
An interior designer is preparing drawings for a tenant build-out. Which of the following items are required by the International Building Code (IBC) when submitting for a building permit?
Plan of interior space relative to entire floor or building mechanical drawings all portions of the means of egress finish schedule of finish plan
An interior designer is creating the design concept for a home. In addition to satisfying the program and meeting the specific needs of the client, the designer would typically be MOST responsive to the influence of:
Regionalism Explanation: Typically, designers are influenced by regionalism, which is the idea that the design of a home should reflect the unique characteristics of its geographical region. This can be accomplished while still responding to the unique needs and spatial requirements of the client.
A client has asked a designer to create an intimate seating area for a hospital waiting room. Which of the following will be MOST important in achieving the client's goal?
Scale Explanation: Manipulating scale through the physical placement of walls, ceilings, and other architectural elements is the strongest way to create the feeling of intimacy. The use of pattern, texture, and color, while important elements in setting a mood, will have little effect if the physical size of the space is too great.
What should be called out on a cabinet drawings to ensure the BEST fit and appearance next to existing construction?
Scribe Pieces at cabinet edges explanation: A scribe piece is ideal in this case because it can be trimmed in the field so the edge of a cabinet or countertop can exactly fit the irregularities of the wall, which are common when working with existing construction. A reveal can only be useful in this case if the designer specifies that the piece can be scribed to fit. Otherwise, it is a recessed piece that will likely be perfectly straight and therefore may result in gaps between the cabinet and the irregular wall. Blocking and spacers are not directly related to fit and appearance of cabinets next to existing construction. Cabinets are constructed so only the frames and edges touch existing construction; the backs of cabinets are constructed to stand out from the wall by a small amount. A spacer is a small, thin piece of wood placed between the back of the cabinet and the wall at fastener locations to prevent the cabinet back from bowing outward when a fastener is used to attach the cabinet to the wall. Blocking is used inside a wall to provide a solid piece of construction to which the cabinet can be fastened.
How can a drapery treatment be BEST changed to minimize its hazard during a fire?
Shorten the length of the fabric explanation: Of the possible choices, option A is the most correct because it implies that the amount of fuel would be reduced, regardless of the fabric material, whether or not it was fire-retardant treated, or what type of weave it had.
When specifying the method by which two veneer pieces are to be applied, the MOST pleasing result is usually obtained with a
Slip Match explanation: only book matching and slip matching refer to the ways individual veneer pieces can be laid up next to each other. Of these two options, book matching is generally considered the preferred, most pleasing method. Balance matching and center matching refer to methods of applying veneers to panels
When doing design work for remodeling toilet rooms to make them accessible, the designer finds that it is impossible to provide adequate clearance on one side of a door. What is the BEST course of action?
Specify a power-assisted door opener that meets accessibility standards and incorporate this into the design. explanation: The solution that is least expensive and most sensitive to accessibility requirements is to provide a power-assisted door opener.
Which of the following should an interior designer FIRST take into account when designing an interior of a religious space?
Symbolism Explanation: Religious beliefs and ceremony are strongly connected with the use of symbols; therefore, an interior designer should first take symbolism into account. While cultural attitudes, proxemics, and regionalism could also be incorporated into the design concept, symbolism has the strongest relevance.
Furniture plans for commercial projects typically include which of the following?
Telephone and data outlets partitions furniture location code number for each piece of furniture
In developing a signage system for a health care clinic, the designer decides that the room identification signs should be mounted perpendicular to the wall near the door to each room. Which of the following are of greatest concern in the design work?
That the amount the Braille letter is raised above the surface whether or not the width of the accessible route is reduced the mounting height to the center of the sign whether of not the lettering is uppercase explanation: Barrier-free design requires that objects not protrude into the accessible path in such a way as to present a hazard. In addition, tactile signs must have a minimum 1fo in (0.79 mm) raised surface, and accessible routes must not be reduced in width. Room identification signs must be in uppercase. The color is not critical as long as there is contrast between the lettering and the background. Fonts must be sanserif or simple serif, but there is no standard ADA font. Refer to the ADA 307 Potruding Objects for additional information
Surface-mounted luminaires are MOST often used for which of the following reasons?
There is not enough space above the ceiling. explanation: Although all the choices are possible reasons for using surface-mounted luminaires, the lighting fixtures are most often employed when space is inadequate for recessing.
In which building type are fire-resistive construction requirements likely to be LEAST restrictive?
Type IV explanation: The most restrictive building type is Type I, while the least restrictive is Type IV
An interior designer is selecting luminaires and lamp sources to illuminate the waiting area of a medical clinic for which the furniture and finishes have been selected. In order to maintain the most accurate color rendition of the furniture and finishes, what is the best approach for selecting the lamps?
View the samples under each lamp being considered. explanation:Because there are so many variables that affect the interaction of light sources and the objects they are illuminating, the best way to evaluate a specific situation is to look at samples of the specified materials and finishes under the specific light sources under consideration. There are typically several different colors of finishes and furniture fabrics in any given space, and while one type of lamp may render one color perfectly, it may shift the apparent color of another. Only by observing all the object colors under different lamps can the interior designer select the one that provides the best overall balance. Option A is incorrect because the CRI is only a measure of how well one light source renders color compared to a reference source. While generally spealdng, the higher the CRI the better, two light sources can have the same CRI but entirely different chromaticities, and therefore render the same color differently. Option B would be the second-best way to evaluate lamps because the CCT would suggest whether the light source would enhance or dull the object color. For example, a lamp with a low color temperature and more blue components, like a cool-white fluorescent lamp, would render reds dull and washed out. As the question asks for the best way to select the lamps, option B is incorrect. Option C is incorrect because the spectral energy distribution curves would show only what colors predominate, and, like using the CCT, would give only an approximation of adequate color rendering
Which pair of performance tests should be specified for a custom-blended fabric that will be used in a recreation center's reception area?
Wyzenbeek and Fade-Ometer explanation: The three most important characteristics to assess in a customblended fabric that will be used in a public area are its wearability, flammability, and fade-resistivity. While any fabric can be treated to make it flame resistive, only testing can determine whether a custom fabric has sufficient wearability and fade-resistance for a specific use. The Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance test is commonly used to assess wearability, while the Fade-Ometer test is used to assess fade-resistance.A vertical ignition test is used with textiles and films, and an indentation load deflection test is used with cushioning, not fabric. The Wyzenbeek and Taber tests both assess wearability, so both would not be specified.
A designer wants to give visual weight to a sofa. Which of the following color combinations would be the BEST choice for the sofa and the surrounding walls?
a color with a warm hue and a dark value for the sofa and a much lighter color for the walls explanation: Warm colors tend to advance, and darker values tend to make objects look heavier. This makes a sofa with a warm hue and dark value (option C) the best choice, especially when the sofa can be contrasted with a much lighter background. A light-colored sofa contrasted with a much darker background (option B) is the next best choice; however, option C is the best choice to make the sofa appear heavier.
Which design element could be used to make a ceiling appear lower?
a dark, highly textured ceiling Explanation: Dark values tend to make surfaces seem closer, as do heavy textures. The two in combination would make the ceiling appear lower.
A designer has calculated the occupant load of a large, sprinklered hotel ballroom, and has determined that three exits are required from the space. The diagonal distance of the room is 160 ft (14.9 m). According to the International Building Code (IBC), two of the exits must be separated by at least one-third of the diagonal distance of the room. Where does the code require the third exit to be located?
a reasonable distance from the others explanation: The IBC requires that when three or four exits are required, two of the exits must be placed at least one-half the diagonal distance of the space for nonsprinklered spaces, and at least one-third the diagonal distance for sprinklered spaces. The third exit must be arranged a reasonable distance from the other two, so that if one of those exits becomes blocked, the other two will remain available.
An interior designer has been retained for a building project that is currently being planned by an architect. On the second floor of the building, slate flooring over a concrete subfloor is being used. What type of installation should ideally be designed for?
a thick-set application using a cleavage membrane explanation: Because slate does not have a uniform thickness and a concrete subfloor above grade may deflect and cause cracking, the best installation is a thickset method with a cleavage membrane. The thick-set method allows the tile setter to adjust the bed according to the exact thickness of each stone, and a cleavage membrane (with reinforcement) allows the finish floor to float above any slight deflection of the concrete floor.
It is essential that sample boards include
actual samples of the materials explanation: Only an actual sample can accurately convey a material's finish, color, and texture. It can be helpful to include the other three items as well, but actual material samples are essential.
Composite wood veneers can be used
as a ""green"" alternate to standard wood veneers explanation: Composite wood veneer is an artificial product that uses readily available and fast-growing renewable trees to make veneers that are stained and reformed into an artificial log that is then sliced to produce new veneer. It is considered a sustainable or "green" product.
The flame-spread rating of wood panel wainscoting must be
based on location and occupancy explanation: Wood wall finishes of paneling or wainscoting are regulated in the same way as other wall and ceiling finishes. The minimum flame-spread rating depends on the occupancy and the location in the building.
The BEST way to avoid fabric slippage over a cushion would be to specify
channeling explanation: Channeling is a method of attaching fabric to a cushion and direct attachment is the best way to avoid slippage. Therefore, option D is the best choice.
Which of the following terms represents the efficiency of a luminaire in distributing lamp light to room surfaces?
coefficient of utilization explanation: The coefficient of utilization (commonly abbreviated "CU") is a value that is determined and published by the manufacturer. It represents the efficiency of a luminaire in distributing light from a lamp under various degrees of finish reflectivity to the floor, walls, and ceiling.
What is the MOST important criterion for lighting a fabric showroom?
color rendering index explanation: In a fabric showroom, accurate color rendition is an important concern. Therefore, options B and D are the most likely choices. Although the color temperature rating of a lamp gives a general indication of the lamp's "whiteness," the color rendering index ( or "CRl") is a more accurate indication of how appropriate a lamp is for a specific application.
A designer is developing a large, multilevel retail space with a variety of finishes, lighting, and fixture types. How can the designer BEST communicate the design to the client if cost is not a factor?
commission a fully rendered 3-D computer model that can show a "fly-through" explanation: When cost is not a factor, the design can best communicate the design of a complex space by commissioning a fully rendered 3-D computer model that can show a "fly-through." With this capability, the model can show the variety of finishes, lighting, and fixture types on all levels of the large, multilevel retail from different points of view. The other methods (i.e., sketches, large-scale models, and detailed perspective renderings) can also communicate designs to clients. They are less thorough than 3-D models, but may be preferable when cost is a factor.space
An interior designer is creating a color-coding system for use in a housing facility for older adults. Which of the following color combinations would be the MOST vivid and easily perceived?
complementary colors of a high saturation explanation: Highly saturated complementary colors reinforce each other, so the second combination would create the highest contrast and be the easiest to see for people of all ages. Option D could be the next best combination, depending on how the colors and white were used. For example, a sign with yellow lettering on a white background would be very difficult to see.
What type of system would be MOST appropriate in a large commercial remodeling project where a decorative acoustical ceiling and plenum access are required?
concealed spline explanation: Plenum access precludes the use of gypsum wallboard for the ceiling unless many access panels were used, which is costly and can become unsightly with use. Both integrated ceilings and linear metal strip ceilings provide for some access, but their cost in a large commercial project would not be warranted. An integrated ceiling may be a good choice, but the question does not give enough information about the parameters of the problem to make this a reasonable option.
When considering the safety of smooth flooring materials, the interior designer should
consider the values given by the DCOF AcuTest as well as other variables explanation: The slip resistance of flooring is measured using the DCOF AcuTest. This is the designated test procedure of the Tile Council of North America. It measures the dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) using a standard lubricant on ceramic tile. Other materials may respond differently.Variables that can affect safety include shoe material and the degree of its wear, the presence and nature of surface contaminants, a person's weight, the angle of impact, stride length, the wear of the flooring material, and whether the floor is flat or inclined. All these factors should be taken into account when specifying a flooring material.The DCOF value of 0.42 is the recommended minimum value for ceramic tile as contained in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard A137.1, Specifications for Ceramic Tile. While this is a good starting point, the designer should consider other variables that can affect the safety of the floor.Simply specifying a rough finish may not be enough, as the definition of "rough'' is ambiguous. The test in ASTM Standard C1082 is no longer used and has been withdrawn
In starting a design project in a multi-use building, what information would an interior designer need to determine?
construction type, adjacent occupancies, and sprinkler condition explanation: This question implies that the design process cannot proceed without some basic data that the interior designer might not otherwise have about a building. The most important pieces of information are construction type, adjacent occupancies, and sprinkler condition. Construction type could affect the maximum area of the client's proposed use and how the designer would have to detail shaft walls and structural enclosures. Adjacent occupancy groups would affect what rating the designer felt would be needed between the client's space and the existing spaces. Knowing whether or not a building is fully sprinklered would affect maximum allowable area, finishes, and other design and detailing decisions. Fire-zone classifications are generally irrelevant for interior design work. Accessibility requirements are necessary, but the requirements themselves do not relate to the building.
When developing adjacency requirements, the interior designer must consider
contacts between people, transfer of objects, and electronic information Explanation: There are three basic types of required adjacencies: those that require person-to-person contacts, those that require the transfer of objects, and those that require an electronic transfer ofinformation. When person-to-person contact is required, two or more spaces must be physically located next to each other. When object transfer is required, the spaces need not be adjacent if the objects can be transported without one person physically handing something to another person. Electronic transfers can be done over any distance.
When visiting a job site, the interior designer notices that a handrail appears to be out of place. When measuring it, the designer finds the top of the handrail to be 39 1/2 in (1003 mm) above the nosing. In what direction and how far should the designer tell the contractor to move the handrail?
down by 3 1/2 in (89 mm) explanation: The International Building Code (IBC) and accessibility requirements state that handrails must be 34 in to 38 in (864 mm to 965 mm) high, as measured from the nosing. Moving the handrail down 3 1/2 in (89 mm) and locating its top at the 36 in (915 mm) position places it within the required limits and allows the contractor some tolerance in repositioning it. Moving it up by ½ in (13 mm) to 40 in (1016 mm) ( option A) would make the handrail too high. Moving it down 6 in (89 mm) to 33½ in (851 mm) (option B) would make it too low. Although moving the handrail down 1 ½ in (38 mm) (option D) would technically place the handrail in an acceptable position, the top of the handrail would be at the upper limit of the allowable measurements, and this placement would not allow for any misalignment or tolerance.
What is the best source an interior designer could use to research the flammability and VOC ratings of several sofas the designer was considering specifying for a client?
each manufacturer's local representative explanation: Manufacturers, dealers, and representatives are the most reliable sources of current information on specific products, including flammability and VOC (volatile organic compounds) ratings. However, while some manufacturer's web sites contain technical information on flammability and VOC ratings, it can be difficult to find, as most manufacturers are more interested in showing and selling their products than in providing technical information. Therefore, the best source of information is manufacturer's representative.The standards of the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) simply give the requirements that a particular type of furniture must meet. Local showrooms can sometimes provide technical information, but even they may have to contact the manufacturer's local representative.
The model number and color of a piece of furniture would commonly be found on
either a furniture schedule or the specifications explanation: The furniture plan typically contains only a code number for each piece of furniture. This code number refers either to a schedule on the drawings or to the specifications, where detailed information is listed, such as the furniture's manufacturer, model number, color, finish, and so on.
In the five-step programming process outlined by the book Problem Seeking, the fifth step is to state the problem. What is the order of the first four steps?
establish goals, collect and analyze facts, uncover and test concepts, determine needs
An interior designer talking with a client could justify the use of bright colors in a facility for older adults by referring to:
evidence from research explanation: To justify using bright colors in an elderly care facility, the interior designer could refer to evidence from research that suggests that bright colors have a positive effect on the health and well-being of the elderly. Using evidence from research to support a design decision is an example of evidence-based design. Design theory, Gestalt psychology, and historic precedent would not have much relevance to this particular design choice.
The primary advantage of an oblique drawing is that
existing orthographic drawings can be used as a starting point explanation: An oblique drawing has one of its planes parallel to the picture plane, so an existing floor plan or elevation can be used as the starting point. The third dimension is then represented by project lines at any convenient angle.Perspective is the most realistic view of an object. In an oblique drawing, one of the axes must be drawn at a different scale so the drawing does not look distorted. In an oblique view, foreshortened lines are still distorted.
The three parts of a means of egress include the
exit access, exit, and exit discharge explanation: There are three parts to a building's means of egress, or exit path, which go from the least protected to the most protected. The exit access (e.g., room, aisle, hallway, or ramp) leads to the exit. Depending on occupancy and construction type, the exit access may or may not be protected.The exit (e.g., exterior exit door, exit enclosure for stairs, or exit passageway) provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and the exit discharge. It must always be protected by fire-resistance-rated construction.The exit discharge (e.g., exterior exit stairway, exit court, or exterior exit balcony) is the portion of the egress system between the termination of the exit and a public way. The discharge must be unobstructed, sprinklered, and clearly visible from the exit termination point.
During programming, what would the diagram shown be used for?
exploring and presenting alternatives for design concepts explanation: This diagram is a sketch of a design concept as one possible alternative to satisfy a programmatic concept for the design of a retail store. In this example the programmatic concept might have been: Provide a medium level of security to protect against theft of merchandise without making the security methods obvious. This diagram represents one possible design concept that the designer could use to begin design on a cash/wrap station at the entry and exit point to the store. This way clerks could sell merchandise and also observe people coming and going. If this concept was accepted by the client, it could further be designed in any number of configurations, shapes, and materials. It is unlikely that a drawing like this would be used as a note from a client meeting.This illustration also does not show a "fact" of the program: a fact-based diagram would probably show an arrow with the number of people that coming in the shop daily. It is also not a programmatic concept as described above.
Understanding a client's sustainability goals when looking for office space will help the interior designer
focus site analyses on features that support sustainable design Explanation: Understanding a client's sustainability goals is important so that the designer can assist the owner in finding and choosing a project site that supports these goals. For example, a building in a crowded urban area will have limited natural light. If using natural light is one of the client's goals, then the interior designer may suggest the client look at another building or location where natural light is more available.
A designer has developed a new workstation layout for a large corporate client. The workstation is unlike anything the client has used previously. The designer could BEST communicate the design and functionality of the workstation by
having a full-scale mockup built that includes the actual workstation furniture being used explanation: Although any of the options listed could help describe the design, a full-scale mockup is the most effective way to show how the workstation would truly look and function. The client could not only view the mockup, but actually sit and move about in it to test its layout and design.
During the preliminary planning phase, the diagram shown would be used to
help the designer present data for adjacencies and area explanation:The diagram shown is an adjacency block diagram. It shows both the desired adjacencies (like a bubble diagram) and the relative sizes of spaces (like an area diagram) in a simple block form. An adjacency block diagram helps the designer visualize how the various spaces must be organized, without ancillary spaces such as corridors, mechanical rooms, and the like. The division of spaces in zones would already have been determined in the program. The maximum floor areas would be determined by the program listing. A stacking diagram would be a separate graphic and not necessarily related to this.
An interior designer is developing plans for the ceiling in a 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2) corporate office. The program calls for the office space to consist of 70% closed offices and rooms and 30% open office space. The program has also specified that the operation of the company changes frequently, requiring rearrangement of personnel teams and project organizations. Assuming a relocatable partition system is used, which type of ceiling system should the interior designer recommend to the client?
integrated ceiling system explanation: Integrated ceiling systems are proprietary suspended systems designed to accommodate ceiling tile, lights, supply air devices, return air grilles, sprinklers, and other ceiling-mounted elements, as well as partition attachment. Such a system can easily provide for frequent changes in room configuration with accompanying changes in lighting and HVAC layout.Designing and manufacturing a custom track system would be very expensive and unnecessary for one job, as there are other available products. A 60 in (1524 mm) layin acoustical grid would only work with a demountable partitions system, and while such a system provides for changes, it is more expensive that an integrated ceiling system, which also provides for easy changes to mechanical and electrical components. A narrow bar exposed T-bar system is simply a type of grid system and does not make changes easier.
A perspective drawing is the BEST type of drawing to use when presenting to a client because it
is most like the way space and objects are actually perceived explanation: A perspective drawing gives the most realistic view of three-dimensional space on two-dimensional media. It will be effective and clear even if the client is not experienced in interpreting architectural drawings.
What existing condition in a building would MOST affect the cost of a new interior design?
lack of a sprinkler system Explanation: A sprinkler system is governed by local building codes and affects many aspects of planning, exiting, materials use, and finishes. The lack of a sprinkler system can affect egress layout, finishes, and requirements for fire-rated construction, all in ways that would increase design costs and make specific design features necessary. While each of the other three factors is important, the location of exits would affect the design cost less than the lack of a sprinkler system, and neither the limited views and daylight nor the remote electrical closet would affect the design cost significantly
A designer wants to emphasize one particular item in a client's retail store. Which of the following design features would BEST achieve this goal?
locating the item on a main circulation axis and highlighting it Explanation: Although all four options could emphasize the object, option A uses location, position, and lighting to focus attention on the item. Option C may be the next best choice, but depending on what the item is, making an oversized model may distort its image.
Information concerning limitations on the use of a product can BEST be obtained from the
manufacturer who makes the product explanation: Every manufacturer knows the limitations of its products and should be consulted when one of its products is going to be used in a specific, special situation that the interior designer knows about. Although the other three sources may be consulted for additional information, only the manufacturer knows the limitations of a product.
When coordinating the location of emergency warning systems consisting of audio and visual alarms as part of the reflected ceiling layout, the interior designer must coordinate with the
mechanical engineer explanation: The mechanical engineer is responsible for locating and specifying the alarm devices required. The interior designer is responsible for coordinating the location of the warning systems on the reflected ceiling plan within the parameters of the life safety and building codes.Accessibility codes require that both visual and audible alarms be provided. Audible alarms must produce a sound that exceeds the prevailing sound level in the room or space by at least 15 dB. Visual alarms must be flashing lights that have a flashing frequency of about 1 cycle/sec. The electrical contractor, electrical engineer, and fire protection engineer are involved with these warning systems only to the extent that they provide connections between the electrical system and the alarm devices.
Which test is MOST frequently used to evaluate carpet in the United States?
methenamine pill test explanation: All carpet manufactured or sold in the United States is required to pass the methenamine pill test. The flooring radiant panel test is used for corridor flooring and types of flooring in only a few occupancies. The Steiner tunnel test can be used, but it is not a realistic test on carpet because the material is tested on top of the tunnel.
The two MOST important factors in determining the number of exits required for a particular room or space are the
occupancy and the occupant load
A designer is developing a space plan for a full floor tenant in a high-rise building. The designer needs to know which of the following to determine the maximum travel distance allowed by the IBC?
occupancy classification and whether the building is sprinklered explanation: To determine the maximum travel distance (described in Sol. 54) allowed by the International Building Code (IBC), the designer must know the occupancy classification and whether or not the building is sprinklered. Travel distance is part of the exit access (described in Sol. 52) and is usually not protected. Therefore, the IBC limits the distance occupants must cross to safely exit. The maximum allowable distance is greater in sprinklered buildings than in unsprinklered buildings.
Which of the following are the two main factors used to determine whether a space must have more than one exit?
occupant load and occupancy explanation: The two main factors used to determine whether a space needs more than one exit are the occupancy and the occupant load. The occupancy is how the space is used (e.g., business, industrial, or residential). The occupant load is the maximum number of people that may occupy the space. If the occupant load exceeds the allowable value given in the International Building Code (IBC), then one or more additional exits will be needed.Though the occupant load and occupancy are the most important factors in determining how many exits a space must have, a third factor-the travel distance-is also considered. The travel distance is the measurable distance from a space's most remote occupiable point to the entrance of the nearest exit that serves it. If this distance exceeds the limits given in the IBC, a second exit will be required, even if the occupant load is within the allowable value given in the IBC.Exit width, however, is not a factor in determining a space's required number of exits.
An occupant load calculation has shown that an office suite requires a total of 71 in (1804 mm) of egress width and two exit access doors. In order to meet all International Building Code (IBD) and accessibility requirements, what are the minimum door widths that should be used?
one 36 in door and one 42 in door (914 mm and 1067 mm) explanation: The combination of a 36 in (914 mm) and a 42 in (1067 mm) door provides a total of 72 in ( 1829 mm) (33 in+ 39 in= 72 in) of clear width. These are the minimum door widths that will satisfy the 71 in (1804 mm) total egress width requirement.The required width for both egress doors and doors used for accessibility is the dear width, not the size of the door. Accessibility guidelines require a 32 in (813 mm) minimum clear width. The thickness of the door itself and the hinge space make the clear width for commercial door assemblies about 3 in (76 mm) less than the actual door width. A 36 in (914 mm) door has an actual clear opening of 33 in (838 mm). Therefore, a 34 in (864 mm) door (option B) cannot be used because the clear opening (about 31 in [787 mm]) would not be wide enough to comply with the accessibility requirements. The combination of a 36 in (914 mm) door and a 44 in (I 118 mm) door (option C) would provide 74 in (1880 mm) of clear width (33 in+ 41 in= 74 in), which would satisfy egress width requirements, but the problem statement asks for the minimum possible sizes. The combination of two 36 in (914 mm) doors (option D) would only provide 66 in (1676 mm) of clear width (33 in+ 33 in= 66 in).
Which of the following partition wall assemblies would be the least expensive to provide a 1-hour fire rating in a Type V-A building?
one layer of 5/8 in (16 mm) Type X gypsum board on each side of metal studs explanation: The basic assembly for a I-hour-rated partition uses 5/8 in ( 16 mm) Type X gypsum wallboard on both sides of either wood or metal studs. In a Type V-A building, either type of stud can be used. However, metal stud framing is typically less expensive than wood framing. In order to achieve the desired rating, the partition must be constructed in accordance with an approved UL detail using the same combination of products and installation methods that has been tested in a laboratory and proven to have the desired fire resistance rating.Using wood studs with 5/8 in (16 mm) gypsum board on both sides of the wall would provide a I-hour rating, but wood stud framing is typically more expensive than metal stud framing. Two layers of standard ½ in ( 13 mm) gypsum board on each side of the studs meets the requirements for a 1-hour partition even without being Type X, but it would cost more to install two layers than a single layer.
For the most durable wood finish, which of the following finish types should be specified:
polyurethane explanation: Polyurethane and polyester are both very durable, synthetic finishes.
Exits are ALWAYS
protected by fire-resistance-rated construction explanation: Exits must always be protected by fire-resistance-rated construction. They are not limited in length. Exits may be as simple as exterior exit doors at ground level or may include exit enclosures for stairways. Depending on the building height, construction type, and passageway length, exits must have either a 1- or 2-hour rating.
Which method of veneer cut results in the straightest grain possible from MOST species of trees?
quarter slicing
Which type of lighting would BEST enhance the appearance of a rough, plastered wall?
recessed LED fixtures close to the wall explanation: A grazing light from a point source close to the wall would best emphasize the wall's texture. The other types of lighting would appear to flatten the wall's surface.
In the illustration shown, the purpose of the device in the vertical partition section is to:
reduce sound transmission Explanation: The device shown is a proprietary acoustic dip, which is used to provide resiliency of the gypsum wallboard mounted to it, thereby reducing the transmission of vibrations (sound) through the partition. In order to minimize reverberation or increase the SAA (which is also known as the noise reduction coefficient [NRC]), some type of absorptive material would be required instead of the hard-surface gypsum wallboard shown, so options A and B are incorrect. Although this construction assembly could decrease impact noise (option D), such noise transmission is commonly related to floor-ceiling construction rather than partition wall assemblies, and is not the primary purpose of using this type of clip.
Which of the following normally shows the locations of exit signs?
reflected ceiling plan
When reviewing flooring materials to determine which options meet life safety and accessibility standard for slip resistance, the interior designer should
review the coefficient of friction (COF) explanation: The Coefficent of Friction (COF) is used to evaluate and specify flooring materials. This value expresses the degree of slip resistance of a flooring material. Although there are many variables that affect the slip resistance of a flooring material, and no one value is universally agreed upon for all situations, the COF is the one value that must be known. Currently, in the United States, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard A137.1, American National Standards Specifications for Ceramic Tile, references one test, the DCOF AcuTest (DCOF stands for dynamic coefficient of friction). This requires that ceramic tile for level interior spaces expected to be walked upon when wet must have a minimum value equal to or greater than 0.42. However, this is just a starting point; the interior designer should consider the type of flooring material being evaluated, specific conditions of the space in which it will be used, expected maintenance procedures, and other project-specific variables to determine if a material with a higher COF should be specified.Option A is incorrect because it is likely the material will already have been tested to determine the COF. Option C is incorrect because current ADA and ABA (Architectural Barriers Act) requirements call for a slip-resistant surface for flooring without giving a specific value for the COF. Option D is incorrect because the ASTM International standards that still exist for slip resistance have been replaced with the ANSI A137.1 standard.
When specifying a specialty flooring material, the interior designer can obtain unbiased information on the hazards of a cleaning agent required for maintenance from the
safety data sheet explanation: Although the cleaning agent manufacturer would provide warnings about the health effects of its products, the most unbiased source is the safety data sheet. The flooring manufacturer would only list the recommended cleaning agents and not be responsible for detailing potential hazards of the cleaning agent itself The EPA does not have information about individual cleaning products; it would only have information about the base chemicals that would be constituent parts
What type of resilient flooring would be the BEST choice for a commercial kitchen?
sheet vinyl explanation: Sheet vinyl minimizes the number of joints and is resistant to grease, oils, and water.
A library is being designed to occupy only one portion of a building, and a complete set of drawings is available for the building. What information would be the MOST important to obtain from the field survey?
sources of noise within the building Explanation: It is very likely that information concerning the other three matters would be available from a good, complete set of construction drawings. A field survey would be most necessary to determine what sources of noise exist and their magnitudes.
An interior designer has received a construction cost estimate for an acoustical ceiling system. The area of the ceiling is 15,000 ft2 (1394 m2). The estimate is $6000 over the budget. The owner requests that the currently specified 2 ft x 2 ft (610 mm x 610 mm) grid with tegular tiles be replaced with a less expensive system while maintaining acoustical qualities and a similar aesthetic. The contractor has provided pricing for alternative ceiling systems as shown in the matrix. Based on this pricing information and knowledge of the acoustical properties of each of these types of assemblies, which alternate system should the interior designer recommend to the client?
standard tile in 2 ft x 2 ft (610 mm x 610 mm) standard T-bar explanation: The standard tile in a 2 ft x 2 ft ( 610 mm x 610 mm) standard T-bar grid provides a similar aesthetic and reduces the cost enough to conform to theconstruction budget (15,000 ft2 x $0.60 savings/ft2 = $9000 savings). The cost for each system needs to be calculated to determine which alternative will reduce the price of the system by at least $6000. However, first the interior designer needs to identify which system(s) will meet the owner's requirement of maintaining the specified acoustical performance and will provide a similar aesthetic. The drywall alternate clearly differs from the grid aesthetic and would not provide the soundabsorbing qualities of an acoustical tile ceiling, so this is an inappropriate choice. The 2 ftx4 ft (610 mmx 1220 mm) grid system would save the most money, but does not provide the same aesthetic as a 2 ft x 2 ft ( 610 mm x 610 mm) grid. The 2 ft x 2 ft ( 610 mm x 610 mm) narrow grid ceiling would comply with the acoustical performance requirements, but would only save $3000 (15,000 ft2 x $0.20 savings/ ft2 = $3000 savings)
Which of the following is the BEST choice for safety glazing in a hazardous location?
tempered or laminated glass explanations: Only tempered and laminated glass are considered to be safety glazing because they meet the requirements of 16 CFR 1201. Although the 2012 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) does permit the use of wired glass that meets the requirements of ANSI Z97.1 in certain applications, the question does not specify this compliance. Furthermore, neither wired glass nor heat-strengthened glass meet the requirements of 16 CFR 1201.
A college dormitory room shared by two people contains two identical sets of furnishings, symmetrically positioned. Which of the following psychological needs is this arrangement attempting to satisfy?
territoriality explanation: Territoriality is the human need to lay claim to the space one occupies. The two sets of identical furnishings, organized around an imaginary (but perceived) line, divide the dormitory room into two equal territories. Each roommate could then personalize one of the territories.
What is the purpose of a construction element A in the following diagram of a wood floor?
to act as a vapor barrier explantation: Although the sheet material indicated in the drawing may help minimize squeaking, the fact that a wood floor is shown over a concrete floor should indicate that the material shown is a vapor barrier.
What is the drawing shown most likely used for?
to show the client a conceptual approach to a design explanation: The drawing shown is a schematic design developed to show the client a conceptual approach to a design. It is not detailed enough to act as a starting point for design development because it lacks dimensions, material indications, and other design development information. It is also very preliminary and not suitable for giving guidance for the beginning of construction documents.Stacking diagrams are used to record what spaces will be planned on each floor. These diagrams are not a basis for further development.
Proxemics would be MOST helpful to a designer who is deciding on the
type and spacing of seating in an audiovisual presentation room explanation: Proxemics is the study of personal space needs and the application of that knowledge to actual space planning. Of the four options, determining the design of seating where people will be very close to each other is the situation where proxemics would be most helpful.
What type of wall treatment would be appropriate for an office waiting room where durability and low cost are required?
vinyl wallcovering explanation: Of the options listed, vinyl wallcovering offers the best balance oflow cost and durability. Either a Type II or Type III wallcovering could be selected based on the project budget and the amount of durability required. Depending on the type of material selected, fabric wallcovering can be expensive and will not provide protection from people and furniture rubbing against it. Thin stone tiles are durable but are more expensive per square foot than vinyl wallcovering. Wood veneer paneling can be a durable wall treatment but costs more than vinyl.
Which of the following must have AT LEAST a Class III (or C) fire rating?
wainscoting explanation: Building codes generally require flame-spread classification for wall finishes only; this includes wainscoting. Other types of woodwork, such as bookshelves, cabinets, and door and window trim, do not require a particular fire rating.
Which type of sink is BEST for barrier-free design?
wall hung
The most naturally fire-resistant untreated fabric is
wool explanation: Wool is the most fire-resistant natural fiber. Cotton is the most flammable unless it is treated.
What fabric would have the BEST appearance for the longest time when used in theater seating?
wool-nylon blend explanation: Theater seating requires a fabric that is resilient, durable, and flame retardant. The only combination that meets these requirements is the wool-nylon blend.
A residential design involves a bedroom, bath, and garage addition. At a minimum, the due diligence site investigation should include:
zoning setbacks and septic capacities explanation: The most immediate concerns for an interior designer doing a residential addition project are the required zoning setbacks and the capacities of the sewer system. Neighborhood character, traffic, and street characteristics, though important in other ways, are not critical issues affecting the design.
