IGMT 1400, IGMT 1400
Find an IP address
comand ipconfig iptrancert pingIP
To freeze part of the worksheet:
1.Arrange the worksheet so the row you want to be visible is the top row or the column you want is the first column visible at the left. 2.On the View tab, in the Window group, click the Freeze Panes button. -If you want the first row to always be visible, click Freeze Top Row. -If you want the first column to always be visible, click Freeze First Column. You can always see this while scrolling
Personally identifiable information (PII)
any data that could potentially identify a specific individual. The two types of PII include sensitive PII and nonsensitive PII.
Status bar
appears at the bottom of the worksheet grid and can display information about the selected data, including the number of cells selected that contain data (count) and the average and sum (total) of the selected values
Alpha Testing
assess if the entire system meets the design requirements of the users
Legacy Infrastructure
company created name for itself and is hard to change usually older company
THREAT DETECTION AND RESPONSE (TDR)
depends if it is personal or business
user acceptance testing
determine if the system satisfies the user and business requirements
The Project Management Institute (PMI)
develops procedures and concepts necessary to support the profession of project management (www.pmi.org) and has three areas of focus: 1.The distinguishing characteristics of a practicing professional (ethics) 2.The content and structure of the profession's body of knowledge (standards) 3.Recognition of professional attainment (accreditation)
EVALUATING MIS RETURN ON INVESTMENT
does the investment pay off?
Radio (Bluetooth, WiFi)
mobile Short Range
Your home or workplace internet
modem and router
Headings
numbers at the left of rows and the letters at the top of columns.
Outsourcing Models
onshore, nearshore, offshore
THREE AREAS OF INFORMATION SECURITY
people data systems
A successful project
project is typically on time, within budget, meets the business's requirements, and fulfills the customer's needs. projects would need to be prioritized based on the business goals, which could change for each business
Conditional formatting
provides a visual analysis of data by applying formatting to cells based on their values. Excel offers a wide variety of conditional formatting options from the Conditional Formatting menu (available on the Home tab, in the Styles group).
system testing
verify that the units or pieces of code function correctly when integrated
Functions
vpreprogrammed shortcuts for calculating equations. Most functions require you to provide input called the arguments.
Memory
whats storing the information while using the computer As soon as you turn computer off the memory is deleted short-term
Static ip addresses
when a device is assigned a static IP address, the address does not change when someone needs to find you hosting something on a server EX) printers, personal website,
3000 BC
Writing
IT SUPPORT
•In-House •Outsourced •Hybrid
Processor
actual brain of computer what processes info and number crunching today, many computers have multiple processors Apple makes own processor chips to make their products more efficient: much more than multitasking
The Find and Replace commands
allow you to find and replace formatting as well as data. This feature is especially helpful when replacing number formats throughout a workbook.
1954
Silicon Transistors Invented
OFFICE 365
•OneDrive 365 1000 GB
IT Basics
Basics of Computers
To open a folder from the Navigation pane:
1) If necessary, click the arrow next to the folder name to expand the branch and then click the folder. 2) Click the arrow next to the folder name again to collapse the branch
THE MOBILE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Almost every enterprise platform has mobile apps EX) Salesforce Teams WyoCourses
1984
Apple Macintosh
Filtering Data Using AutoFilter
By applying a filter to a database object, you display a subset of records that meet the filter criteria. AutoFilter displays a list of all the unique values in the field. To filter a datasheet using AutoFilter: 1.Open the database object in Datasheet view. 2.Click the arrow at the top of the column that contains the data for which you want to filter. 3.At first, all of the filter options are checked. Click the (Select All) check box to remove all the checkmarks. 4.Click the check box or check boxes in front of the values for which you want to filter. Click OK.
Descriptive Analytics
Techniques that describe past performance and history Example: Creating a report that includes charts and graphs
Cloud Examples
Cloud are distributed among the internet Vs. desktop software installed locally •Any social media platform •Any streaming platform •Online banking •Cloud Software -Office 365 -Salesforce •Microsoft Azure (Windows Server, SQL Server, Exchange Server) •Amazon Cloud Services
Iterative development
Consists of a series of tiny projects
Analyzing Data with Data Tables
Data tables provide a quick what-if analysis of the effects of changing one or two variables within a formula.
information
Data turned into something meaningful that we can relate to. Data converted into a meaningful and useful context Combine two pieces of Data together Example: Best performing stock, best selling product, fastest runner.
Embedded computers
Devise that can be hooked up directly to the internet EX) TV, Alexa, TESLA car, light switches, appliances
Increase or decrease revenue
Discuss Nike's poorly designed SCM software that delayed orders, increased excess inventories, and caused third quarter earnings to fall 24% below expectations
Output
EX) screen, projector, Alexa, etc.
1962
First Video Game
1954 AD
Fission Power
Enterprise Software Needs
Flow chart: Make Money? Financial Software (ever company needs it) Customers? CRM Software Complex? SCM Software Large? ERP Software
1998
Google Launched
900 AD
Gun Powder Created in China
Mobile devices
Phones, wearable devices (watches, etc)
1856 AD
Plastics
1957 AD
Space Flight
1940s AD
Start of the creation of computers as we know them
1698 AD
Steam Engine
Updating Named Ranges with the Name Manager
The Name Manager lists all the named ranges used in your workbook, the current value for each, the cells to which the name refers (including the sheet name), the scope of the name (whether it is limited to a specific worksheet or applies to the entire workbook), and comments (if there are any). To open the Name Manager, on the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group, click the Name Manager button.
Worms
This type of malware will replicate itself and destroys information and files saved on the host PC. It works to eat up all the system operating files and data files on a drive.
1947 AD
Transistor
Decisions
Turning data into decisions Data-Info-intelligence-knowledge-decisions
100 BC
Water Mill
Accounting Software
every business needs some sort of accounting software
2008
iPhone Introduced Smartphone
Network becomes more complex
in home more error backbone and last mile become more reliable
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart
is a graphical network model that depicts a project's tasks and the relationships between those tasks (Dependencies and Critical paths are found in PERT charts)
Internet
is not wifi
Chart area
the area that encompasses the entire chart including the plot area and optional layout elements, such as title and legend.
plot area
the area where the data series are plotted.
Confidentiality
the assurance that messages and information are available only to those who are authorized to view them
Supply Chain
the connected chain of all of the business entities, both internal and external to the company, that perform or support the logistics function upstream or downstream
Workflow
the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization's work procedures
Internet of Things (IoT)
the network of products embedded with connectivity-enabled electronics. EX)homo, apple tv, light witches, watches, thermostats, cars, etc.
SQUARE GIVE AWAY THEIR POS FOR FREE
they take a cut of every sale (only credit)
unethical use of information
typically occurs "unintentionally" when it is used for new purposes
Integration Testing
verify that separate systems can work together passing data back and forth correctly
White-hat hackers
work at the request of the system owners to find system vulnerabilities and plug the holes
ONE DRIVE FREE
•OneDrive Live 5GB
Types of malware
•Virus •Adware •Spyware •Worms •Trojan Horse Ransomware
Excel's Goal Seek function
•lets you enter a desired value (outcome) for a formula and specify an input cell that can be modified in order to reach that goal. •Goal Seek changes the value of the input cell incrementally until the target outcome is reached. •In the figure at right, the outcome cell is cell B5, the loan payment; the desired outcome value is 750; and the input cell is cell B2, the loan amount.
Patents
licenses that give an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time
As an organization's reliance on software grows
so do the business-related consequences of software successes and failures including: •Increase or decrease revenue •Repair or damage to brand reputation •Prevent or incur liabilities Increase or decrease productivity
SCRUM
software development is broken into small individual pieces with different teams of no more than 10 developers taking on different parts. Periodic SCRUM meetings brings all teams together. Uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal Under this methodology, each day ends or begins with a stand-up meeting to monitor and control the development effort Scrum is a type of Agile Development
Malware
software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems. •Virus •Adware •Spyware •Worms •Trojan Horse Ransomware
Machine learning
the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead.
Trojans
type of virus that are designed to make a user think they are a safe program and run them. They may be programmed to steal personal and financial information, and later take over the resources of the host computer's system files. In large systems, it may attempt to make a host system or network resource unavailable to those attempting to reach it. Example: you business network becoming unavailable.
Application protocols
what we actually use the internet for •Telnet •FTP: file transfer and download •HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): the web •Email: Pop3, SMTP, IMAP: uses different servers
Business and Tech
you need access to internet and intelligent people
mixed reference
§ a combination cell reference with a row position that stays constant with a changing column position (or vice versa). it will always refer to A1 · Mixed reference with absolute row—A$1= freezes row · Mixed reference with absolute column—$A1= freezes collumn
relative reference
§ cell reference that adjusts to the new location in the worksheet when the formula is copied. · A1
Protected View
Ø a read‐only format that protects your computer from becoming infected by a virus or other malware. § Potentially unsafe locations include the Internet, e-mail messages, or a network location. § Files that are opened in Protected View display a warning in the Message Bar at the top of the window, below the Ribbon. § To disable Protected View, click the Enable Editing button in the Message Bar. § You can also enable editing from the Info page in Backstage view.
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
•(ERP) is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology. •It is not in itself a software solution. It describes the integration of many different systems. it basically ties everything together. •ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management software — typically a suite of integrated applications—that an organization can use to collect, store, manage, and interpret data from these many business activities.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
•(SCMS) is the software tools or modules used in executing supply chain transactions, managing supplier relationships and controlling associated business processes.
Bandwidth isn't always what it seems to be
•1 GB Ethernet is not going to transfer a 1 GB file in one second •Latency:delay from traffic •Traffic: multiple devices using at same time •Analogy: Water in your house
History of Internet
•1962 -J.C.R. Licklider of MIT discusses his "Galactic Network" concept, envisioning a globally interconnected set of computers. •1968 -DARPA release RFP for developing packet switches for proposed ARPANET •1969 -First nodes added to ARPANET (September) -end of year, four nodes •1972 -Ray Tomlinson brings e-mail to the network, choosing "at" symbol as way to specify e-mail addresses belonging to other systems. •1973 -First international nodes, England and Norway •1974 -Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn develop communications technique called TCP •1983 -Domain name system is proposed. Creation of suffixes such as ".com," ".gov" and ".edu" comes a year later.
The mother of all functions
•=VLOOKUP($A2, BudgetedExpenses, MONTH(B$1)+1,FALSE)-SUMIFS(TransactionAmount, TransactionMonth, MONTH(B$1), TransactionCategory, $A2) •VLOOKUP -looks up what you budgeted for given budget category and month •SUMIFS -sums up all your transactions for that category and month •Subtracts actual spending from budget to see if you are over or under budget
Pivot Tables
•A PivotTable is a special report view that summarizes data and calculates the intersecting totals. Essentially a way to analyze data in a 2d model EX) •PivotTables do not contain any data themselves—they summarize data from a cell range or a table in another part of your workbook.
Storage bytes Examples
•A Word Document -100 KB •This PowerPoint -2 MB •A Photograph - 5 MB •A Video on Your Phone -100 MB •1 Hour of Netflix -1-3 GB •UW's Server in 1990 -15 GB •Your Monthly Verizon Plan 25 GB •Your Smart Phone's Memory 64 GB •All Videos on YouTube -50 Tera Bytes
Adding a Lookup Field from Another Table
•A lookup field allows the user to select data from a list of items. •One type of lookup list presents values from a field in another table or a query. •The easiest way to create a lookup list is to use the Lookup Wizard. To create a new lookup field from Datasheet view: 1.On the Table Tools Fields tab, in the Add & Delete group, click the More Fields button. 2.From the Basic Types section of the Field Types gallery, click Lookup & Relationship. 3.The Lookup Wizard opens. To create a new lookup field from Design view: 1.Type a name for the new field in the Field Name column in the first empty row. Press Tab . 2.Expand the Data Type list, and select Lookup Wizard... to open the Lookup Wizard.
Using a Parameter Query
•A parameter query is a type of select query that allows the user to provide the criteria. •When you create a parameter query, you specify the field or fields the query will use to limit the records in the results just as you would if you were entering the criteria yourself. •However, you don't specify the exact criteria. Instead, you enter a prompt the user will see when the query is run. The user then enters the exact value or values to use as the criteria
Relational database
•A relational database is a database containing multiple tables that are related to one another. •Relational databases often breaks data into several tables with fewer fields. The opposite of a relational table structure is sometimes referred to as flat table.
Creating a Basic Report Based on a Table or Query
•A report displays data from a table or query in a format suitable for printing. •Like forms, reports depend on a record source for their data. •Unlike forms, you cannot enter new data into a report.
WEB SERVICES
•A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet. •Typically uses XML (expanded markup language) to encode communication. •Operating system independent. •Self-describing via XML •Discoverable through a simple location method.
Designing a Table
•Access is a relational database—objects in your database are related to one another through relationships defined by common fields between tables. •Take advantage of these relationships, and design your database so information for a similar group of objects such as people, places, and items is stored in one table only. •Storing each unique piece of data in a single table helps prevent data entry errors. •Another key to an efficient database design is ensuring that each field is assigned the appropriate data type.
INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS
•Accessibility •Availability •Maintainability •Portability •Reliability •Scalability •Usability
What Makes a computer a Computer?
•All computers have the following: -Input -Processor -Memory (not the same thing as storage) -Output Goes beyond hat we think of as a basic computer EX) . Smart Phone, Home Device, Smart Lighbulb. My sprinkler system
Integration
•Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems An organization have many different systems with different databases to serve different functions. Application integration Data integration Forward integration Backward integration
Creating a Table in Design View and Setting the Primary Key
•Another way to create a new table is in Design view. •In Design view, you create the fields without entering data. You must specify the field name and data type for each field. •The Design view window is divided into two panes. -The top pane lists the table fields. -The bottom pane is the Field Properties pane. It displays details about the selected field.
Navigating Records
•At the bottom of the datasheet or form window, you'll find navigation buttons to help you move quickly to the beginning or end of the dataset. •To navigate among records in a table, form, or query results: -Move to the next record by clicking the Next Record button. -Move to the previous record by clicking the Previous Record button. -Move to the first record in the dataset by clicking the First Record button. -Move to the last record in the dataset by clicking the Last Record button. -Move to a specific record number by typing the number in the Current Record box, then pressing Enter
Details about each data type are described below
•AutoNumber—An AutoNumber field is automatically assigned its value by Access. •Short Text—A Short Text field can hold up to 255 characters. •Long Text—A Long Text field holds text and numbers like a Short Text field, except you can enter up to 65,535 characters in a Long Text field. •Number—A Number field holds a numerical value. •Date/Time—A Date/Time field stores a numerical value that is displayed as a date and time. •Currency—A Currency field stores a numerical value with a high degree of accuracy (up to four decimal places to the right of the decimal).. •Yes/No—A Yes/No field stores a true/false value as a -1 for yes and 0 for no. •Hyperlink—A Hyperlink field stores a Web address or email address. •Attachment—An Attachment field stores files as attachments to records Calculated Field—A Calculated field uses an expression (a formula) to calculate a value.
Big data
•Big data is a term that describes the large volume of data - both structured and unstructured - that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis. But it's not the amount of data that's important. It's what organizations do with the data that matters. Big data can be analyzed for insights that lead to better decisions and strategic business moves.
Hacker Type
•Black-hat hacker •Cyberterrorist •Hactivist •White-hat hacker
Bandwidth considerations
•Broadband Connection into House: 100 MB/second •Wi-Fi Bandwidth Speed: 802.11ac -1.3 GB/second •Wired Network: 1 GB/second •4K Streaming: 25 MB/second
Variety
•Data comes in all types of formats - from structured, numeric data in traditional databases to unstructured text documents, emails, videos, audios, stock ticker data and financial transactions.
Data visualization
•Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. By using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools provide an accessible way to see and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data.
Data warehouse
•Data warehousing is a technology that aggregates structured data from one or more sources so that it can be compared and analyzed for greater business intelligence.
Adding a Calculated Field to a Query
•Database fields generally display the data that are entered into them. •However, a calculated field displays a value returned by an expression (a formula). •Expressions can reference fields, mathematical operators, functions, and constants. •You use the Expression Builder to create calculated fields in tables and queries and calculated controls in forms and reports.
Using Database Functions
•Database functions allow you to perform statistical analysis on data that meet specific criteria by building queries similar to those used when working with a database. •Excel includes database versions of many statistical functions you are already familiar with. They have the same names, with a D added to indicate database: DSUM, DAVERAGE, DMIN, DMAX, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, and a few more.
All the database functions require the same arguments:
•Database—the data arranged in rows and columns with column labels. •Field—the column to use in the calculation. The column can be identified by the column number in the database array or by the column label enclosed in quotation marks. •Criteria—the cell range defining the conditions the data must meet in order to be included in the calculation. -The criteria range must have at least two rows. -The first row includes labels that match the column labels in the database range. You need to include only the columns for which you will enter criteria. -The second row is where you enter the criteria. Criteria can be numeric values, expressions, or text.
Types of data analytics
•Descriptive -What happened? EX) creating a report that includes charts and graphs that explains data, •Predictive -What will happen? EX) Using past data sales to predict future sales data •Prescriptive -What will happen and what should we do to change the outcome? EX) Airline using past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing strategy across all flights allowing the company to maximize revenue
Communication software
•Email •Calendar •Social Media •Video Conferencing •Collaboration
Enforcing Deletions and Updates in Relationships
•Enforcing referential integrity between related tables ensures accuracy by preventing deleting or updating of records that would cause a violation of the relationship between the primary and secondary tables. •Instead of preventing updates or deletions, you can set relationship options to delete or update the related records in the secondary table. •These options are known as cascading options because when they are enforced, an action on one table cascades to affect records in the related table.
Utility software
•File Management •Control Panel •Computer Maintenance •Anti-Virus Anti-Spam
FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
•General Ledger •Accounts Receivable •Accounts Payable •Payroll •Project Management •Hourly Billing •Inventory Management •Reporting •Taxes
HTTP and HTML
•HTTP -Hypertext Transfer Protocol: foundation for worldwide web •HTML -Hypertext Markup Language: uses tags </, every website uses it •HTTPS -Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure •Digital Certificates •
Information Policy Examples
•Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) •The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)
INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS
•Hosting •Virtualization •Hardware Platforms •Software Models •Support Model
Transformation of retail
•Hunter Gatherers -Beginning of humans until recent times •Farming -4000 BC -Current •Pre 1940s -Over Counter Shopping •1888 -First Sears Mail Order Catalog •1900-1940s -Evolution of Department Stores •1940s-Present -Urbanization -Shopping Malls •1960s-Present -Big Box Stores (Walmart, Kmart) •1990s-Present -Online Shopping (Amazon 1994 as bookseller) 2010s-Present -Self-Service Stores (Amazon GO)
Adding Fields to a Form in Layout View
•If you are starting with a blank form, you will need to add controls to display field data. •The most common type of control is the text box control. Text box controls can display text, numbers, dates, and similar data. -A text box control that displays data from a table or query field is called a bound control because it is connected (bound) to the field. -Unbound controls are not connected to field data directly. •Adding a field to a blank form places two controls in a stacked layout. A label control displays the name of the field on the left and a bound text box control displays the field data on the right.
Calculating Totals with SUMPRODUCT
•In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplying two or more numbers. •The SUMPRODUCT function allows you to multiply the corresponding cells in two or more ranges and then sum (add together) the products. -This function is very useful when totaling columns of data such as hours worked and hourly rates or unit prices and number of units ordered. -To use SUMPRODUCT, arrays do not need to be next to each other, but they must have the same number of rows or columns. If the arrays are different sizes, the formula will return an error. The formula at right first multiplies each value in the range C4:C15 by its corresponding value in the range D4:D15 and then sums the products: =SUMPRODUCT(Array1,[Array2],[Array3]...) =SUMPRODUCT(C4:C15,D4:D15)
Understanding and Viewing Table Relationships
•In the Relationships window, each table is represented by a box listing all the fields in the table. •Primary key fields are identified with a key icon next to the field name. •Lines representing the type of relationship connect related fields. •In a one-to-many relationship, the one field in the main table that relates to many records in the secondary table is represented by a 1. The corresponding field in the secondary table is represented by an infinity symbol.
IP Addresses and DNS
•Internet Protocol (IP) Address: A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet each device has one that is unique enabled by Domain Name Service -DNS to translate each ip adress
FUNCTIONS SERVED BY POINT OF SALE
•Inventory •Pricing •Transaction Processing •Collecting Money •Reporting
internet has changed everything
•It has had dramatically changed our personal lives •It has transformed business, government, and society at large. •It continues to change everyTHING
Input
•Keyboard •Mouse •Touch •Audio (Siri, etc.) •Video (Facetime, etc.) •Touch •GPS •Biometrics (heart rate, etc.)
CORE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESSES WHO NEED ERP
•Large organization •Multiple locations •Complex processes •Often, but not always, involved in manufacturing
WHAT DO WE TRACK IN A CRM
•Leads, opportunities, accounts, contacts •Contact information •Phone calls •Email •Voice mail •Text messages •Quotes •Orders •Meetings •Customer support •Social media integration
Digital property rights
•Licensing Agreements •Subscription Agreements •Digital Rights Management
EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
•Linux (OS) •MySQL (Database) •Apache OpenOffice (Productivity) •Apache Web Server •Chromium (Web Browser)
GOOD FILE MANAGEMENT HABITS
•Logical organization •Good naming conventions •Consistency •Re-design as your needs change
Adding a Lookup Field from a List
•Lookup fields are useful for fields that reference a specific list of items. •A lookup field does not need to reference data in another table or query. •You can enter your own values to create a custom list.
The MATCH function has two required arguments and one optional argument:
•Lookup_value—the text, number, or logical value you want to match. •Lookup_array—the range of cells grouped in a single row or column that contains the value you want to look up. If your data are organized as a table, be careful not to include the header row or label column in the Lookup_array range. •Match_type—(optional) If you want to return only an exact match, you must enter 0 as the argument value. -If the lookup array is sorted from smallest to largest, enter 1 (or omit the argument) to find the first position where the value is less than or equal to the lookup value. -If the array is sorted from largest to smallest, enter -1 to find the first position where the value is greater than or equal to the lookup value.
common cyber attacks
•Malware •Phishing •Man-in-the-middle attack •Denial-of-service attack •SQL Injection
RECENT HACKS
•March 2019: Quest Diagnostics -11.9 million patients •April 2019: Microsoft Visual Studio, 92,000 computers, backdoors to three video games •June 2019: US Customs and Border Protection -data of up to 100,000 travelers •June 2019: WhatsApp -spyware was installed on users' phones -potentially 1.5 billion users worldwide
Statistical software
•Mathlab •SPSS •Stata Minitab
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DATABASES
•Microsoft Access •Microsoft SQL Server •Oracle RDBMS •MySQL •QuickBase •IBM DB2 •Microsoft Excel?
What are some commercially available databases?
•Microsoft Access •Microsoft SQL Server •Oracle RDBMS •MySQL •QuickBase •IBM DB2 •Microsoft Excel?
Database reporting tools
•Microsoft Access Reports •SQL Server Reporting Services •Crystal Reports ...and many more
History of the Internet
•Mid 80- Late 80s: Several companies such as AOL and CompuServe start offering dial-up Internet services for consumers. •1990: Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web while developing ways to control computers remotely at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Creates the first web browser, simply called WorldWideWeb. •1993: Marc Andreessen and colleagues at University of Illinois create Mosaic, the first commercial Web browser to combine graphics and text on a single page, opening the Web to the world with software that is easy to use. •1994: Netscape Web Browser introduced/ Amazon created •1998: Google Incorporates •2002: World Internet population surpasses 500 million •2004: Mark Zuckerberg starts Facebook as a sophomore at Harvard University. •2005: Launch of YouTube video-sharing site. •2006: Global Internet population surpasses 1 billion. •2006-Present: Evolution of social media, sharing economy. •2010-Present: The Internet of Things •2020-Global Internet population 4.5 Billion
SOFTWARE INTEGRATION TOOLS
•Middleware •Application Programming Interfaces •Web Services •Custom integrations •One-off data conversions
OS Target platform
•Mobile -Windows Phone •Xbox 1 -Windows 10 •Desktop/Laptop -Windows 10 •Tablet -Windows 10 Server -Windows Server 2019 OS can be repurposed to target multiple platforms
technology situation will change in the future
•More devices connecting to the Internet •Bigger home(s) •More people in your family •Technology will continue to become more complex •Technology will continue to become smarter Cybersecurity will continue to become a bigger issue
Managing Errors with the IFERROR Function
•Most of Excel's functions return an error when a value cannot be found or when the formula cannot be calculated. •Rather than displaying an error message to users, it may be more useful to display a text message or a specific value that you define. The IFERROR function performs this task. we can make the error message more user-friendly, as shown in the next figure. The IFERROR function takes two arguments. •Value—the formula to calculate. •Value_if_error—the value, text string, or formula to use if the formula in the Value argument results in an error. If you use a text string, enclose it in quotation marks. =IFERROR(Value,Value_if_error)=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(B1,Stock,3,FALSE),"item not found")
BUSINESS HARDWARE
•Network Equipment •Servers •Desktops •Laptops •Tablets •Smart Phones •Other Devices -Scanners -Printers -Industry-Specific Hardware
There are three main rounding functions. Each of these functions takes two arguments:
•Number—the number or formula to round. •Num_digits—the number of digits to the right of the decimal to round to. ROUND—Rounds the number up or down to the number of decimal places specified in the Num_digits argument. The rules of rounding state that if the number immediately to the right of the rounding point is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, the trailing digits are cut off. If the number immediately to the right of the rounding point is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, the number is rounded up. A formula using the ROUND function looks like this: =ROUND(Number,Num_digits) =ROUND(B1/B2,2)
Access is a relational database
•Objects in the database are related to one another through relationships defined by common fields between tables. •There are three types of relationships: one-to-many, one-to-one, and many-to-many. •One-to-many relationships are the most common. In a one-to-many relationship, the main table contains a primary key field that is included as a field (the foreign key) in the secondary table.
Applying an Input Mask
•One of the keys to an effective database is consistent data entry. •An input mask forces users to enter data in a consistent format. •Input masks are available only from the Design view Field Properties pane. •The Input Mask Wizard offers a variety of common input masks including phone number and date and time formats.
Working with Attachment Fields
•One of the most useful enhancements to recent versions of Access is the ability to create Attachment fields to store files as attachments to records. •Attachments can be pictures, Word documents, or almost any other type of data file. •For security reasons, Access will not allow program files (for example, .exe or .bat files) or any files greater than 256 MB as attachments.
MAJOR ERP VENDORS
•Oracle •SAP •Sage •NetSuite •JD Edwards •Microsoft Dynamics ERP
ENTERPRISE ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
•Oracle NetSuite •SAP Business One Professional •Sage 300 •Microsoft Dynamics GP Thousands of employees
EXAMPLES OF SUPPLY CHAIN SOFTWARE VENDORS
•Oracle SCM •Infor SCM •SAP SCM •Manhattan SCM •Descartes SCM •E2 OpenLogility
DATA CONVERSION
•Organization changes systems •Wants to keep data from old system in new system •Source data format •New data format •Data mapping •Conversion plan •Executing conversion
Two primary diagrams used in project planning include:
•PERT chart -Dependency -Critical path •Gantt chart
Three Areas of Information Security
•People -Authentication (A method for confirming users' identities 1) something you have 2) something you know 3) something that is part of the user.) -Authorization (The process of giving someone permission to do or have something.) •Data -Prevention (Prevention and resistance technologies stop intruders from accessing and reading data) -Resistance •Systems -Detection -Response
COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION FUNCTIONS
•Phone •Chat •Video Conferencing •Screen Sharing •File Sharing •Collaboration •Workflow
Prescriptive analytics
•Predictive analytics + Decision Support EX) •Self driving car, •BlueDot Outbreak Risk Software
Cybersecurity business precautions
•Pro-Active Cybersecurity Plan •Employee Training •Regularly Monitor and Update all Devices •Two-Factor Authentication •Password Locker •Anti-Spam Protection •Anti-Virus Protection •Backup Strategy •Move to the Cloud
CYBERSECURITY BUSINESS PRECAUTIONS
•Pro-Active Cybersecurity Plan: written down •Employee Training: people more than tech are the cause attacks •Regularly Monitor and Update all Devices: updates find vulnerabilities in software •Two-Factor Authentication •Password Locker: tools to protect passwords •Anti-Spam Protection: emails •Anti-Virus Protection: many choices •Backup Strategy •Move to the Cloud: much safer than computer now
PROS AND CONS OF IT MODELS
•Pros and Cons Of In-House -Pro: Quick Response -Cons: Cost -Pro: Familiar with your system -Cons: Attitude Pros and Cons Outsources -Cons: Slower Response -Pro: Cost, maybe... -Cons: Not as familiar with your system -Pro: May bring broader competence
Using the Simple Query Wizard
•Queries allow you to display and manipulate a subset of data from a table. •Queries can also be used to combine data from related tables into a single database object. Use the Simple Query Wizard to create a simple select query. A select query displays data from one or more related tables or queries, based on the fields that you select. To create a query using the Simple Query Wizard: 1.On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Wizard button. 2.In the New Query dialog, Simple Query Wizard is selected by default. Click OK. (cont'd.) 3.Click the Tables/Queries drop-down arrow. Click the first table or query from which you want to add data. 4.To add a field to the query, double-click the field name in the Available Fields list to add it to the Selected Fields list, or click the field name and then click the button. (cont'd.) 5.To add data from another table or query, click the Tables/Queries drop-down arrow again and make your selection. 6.Add the field or fields you want to include in the query. 7.When you have added all the fields you want, click Next (cont'd.) 8.The radio button to create a detail query is selected by default. The detail query shows every field you selected for every record. Click Next. 9.Give the query a meaningful title. 10.To see the results of the query immediately, verify that the Open the query to view information. radio button is selected. Click Finish.
VIRTUALIZATION BENEFITS
•Reduced capital and operating costs. •Minimized or eliminated downtime. •Increased IT productivity, efficiency, agility and responsiveness. •Faster provisioning of applications and resources. •Greater business continuity and disaster recovery. •Simplified data center management.
Predictive ANALYTICS methods
•Regression Analysis •Machine Learning
Three ways of Looking at Data
•Reporting (simple w like with access) •Analyzing (more in depth with more advanced tools •Mining (look at large data are try to show patterns) (from simple to complex)
nested formulas or nested functions
•Rounding functions are often used in conjunction with another function. •These formulas are referred to as nested formulas or nested functions because one function is "nested" within the other function as shown in the figure at right. Notice in the function in cell B10, the Num_digits argument is set to 0 to round to the nearest whole number. =ROUND(AVERAGE(G1:G13),0) When ROUND is used in a nested formula, the Number argument contains the formula you want to calculate.
Rounding with Functions
•Rounding refers to adjusting a number up or down to make it more appropriate to the context in which it is being used. •Numbers can be rounded up or down to the nearest whole number or the nearest factor of ten, hundred, thousand, or any limit. •The rounding functions in Excel are used specifically to control the number of digits to the right of the decimal point. •Excel uses the stored value, not the displayed value, in calculations. •In the following figure, the average unit price is 16.9387755102041 By adding one of the rounding functions to the formula, you can ensure that the stored value matches the displayed value
Types of computers
•Servers •Desktops •Laptops •Mobile •Embedded Computers
SOMETHING THE USER HAS
•Smartphone •USB Security Key •Hardware Token
Creating a Multiple Items Form
•Some form types display all the records at once. A Datasheet form reproduces the exact look and layout of the table datasheet as a form. •A Multiple Items form has a similar layout displaying multiple records at once To create a Multiple Items form: 1.In the Navigation Pane, select the table or query record source for your form. 2.On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the More Forms button, and select Multiple Items. 3.When you save the form, notice that the default name in the Form Name box is the same as the name of the table or query on which the form is based. Type a new name if you want to use something else.
Data analytics tools
•Spreadsheets •Database Reporting Tools •Data Visualization Tools •Statistical Software •Programming Languages •Machine Learning (simple to complex)
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING A BUSINESS DOES?
•Stay cash-flow positive. -If you are out of cash, you are out of business. banks will only lend you money if you already have other financial assets that you can use to back up the loan.
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
•Subscription Model Centrally Hosted Can become expensive
HYBRID MODELS
•Subscription Model •Local App
KEY COMPONENTS OF A DATABASE
•Tables: row and collums •Fields: component of table •Queries: request info from table (searching)
The digital divide
•Technical Literacy -Digital Natives •Access to Technology -Access to Hardware and Software -Access to Broadband
Data formats commonly used for analytics
•Text Files •Spreadsheets •Databases
COMMUNICATION
•Text Messaging •Phones -Mobile, Voice Over IP •Video Conferencing: FaceTime, Messenger, Skype, Microsoft Teams, GoToMeeting, JoinMe, Zoom •Screen Sharing: Teams, GoToMeeting, Join Me, Zoom •Webinars: GoToWebinar, Zoom •
Accessing the internet
•The Internet Backbone: where all the info of world travels •"The Last Mile": internet connection server to home •Your Home
Finding Minimum and Maximum Values
•The MAX (maximum) statistical function will give you the largest value in a range of values. A formula using the MAX function looks like this: =MAX(A3:A6) •The MIN (minimum) statistical function will give you the smallest value in a range of values. A formula using the MIN function looks like this: =MIN(A3:A6)
Calculating Loan Payments Using the PMT Function
•The PMT function is based on constant payments and a constant interest rate. •To calculate a payment using PMT, you need three pieces of information: the interest rate (the Rate argument), the number of payments (the Nper argument), and the amount of the loan (the Pv argument). =PMT(Rate,Nper,Pv) •Because the result of the formula is a payment (money going out), it is expressed as a negative number. If you want the result expressed as a positive number instead, add a negative symbol before the loan amount (the Pv argument).
Data mining
•The difference between data analytics and data mining is that data analytics is used to test models and hypotheses on the dataset, e.g., analyzing the effectiveness of a marketing campaign, regardless of the amount of data; in contrast, data mining uses machine learning and statistical models to uncover clandestine or hidden patterns in a large volume of data.
IFERROR is used in a nested formula.
•The first argument contains the formula you want to calculate. •The second argument is the text string, value, or formula to display if there is an error.
•The query Design window has two parts.
•The upper pane shows the tables referenced in the query. •The lower pane shows the query grid where you specify which fields to include in the query.
Transactional Data tables
•These are tables where your main data "lives". •They are called transactional because this is where everyday "transactions" occurs and changes constantly happens. •Examples of Transactional Data -Contacts -Sales -Inventory Employees
Lookup data tables
•These are typically set up at the beginning and rarely changed later •They provide values used to fill in data in our transactional tables •Examples: -Race -Gender -Address Type -Product Category
SOMETHING THAT IS PART OF THE USER
•This is by far the best and most effective way to manage authentication •Biometrics- The identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as a fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting •Unfortunately, this method can be costly and intrusive
The Hackett Group analyzed 2,000 companies and discovered:
•Three in 10 major IT projects fail •About 20 percent of the companies state that they cannot adjust rapidly to market changes
Creating a New Blank Form in Layout View
•To create a new blank form directly in Layout view, on the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the Blank Form button. •Notice that there are no records in the new form. The new blank form does not have a record source defined. The form is an empty layout until you add controls.
You can also use comparison operators with dates.
•To find all appointments that are scheduled for April 1, 2017, or later, enter the criterion >=𝟺/𝟷/𝟸𝟶𝟷𝟽 in the Criteria row for the ApptDate field. •When you enter dates in the Criteria row, Access places # symbols around the date. •It is not necessary to type the # symbols yourself.
To remove the tracer arrows from your worksheet, on the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Remove Arrows button arrow and select the option you want:
•To remove the precedent tracer arrows, select Remove Precedent Arrows. •To remove the dependent tracer arrows, select Remove Dependent Arrows. •To remove all tracer arrows at once, select Remove Arrows. Clicking the Remove Arrows button instead of the button arrow will also remove all the tracer arrows.
Adding Totals to a Report
•Totals in a report display a calculation such as the sum or average of the values in a field or group. •The formula to calculate the total is added to the report in a type of control called a calculated control—an unbound text box control that contains an expression (a formula). •You do not need to know how to add a calculated control, however, in order to add totals to a report. •Report Layout view provides a tool that adds totals for you.
FINANCING HARDWARE
•Typically considered a capital investment •Acquisition methods -Purchase up-front -Leasing -Financing
Primary reasons for project failure:
•Unclear or missing business requirements •Skipping SDLC phases •Failure to manage project scope -Scope creep -Feature creep •Failure to manage project plan •Changing technology
Using "AND" in a Query
•Use and in your criteria construction to make a query more specific by limiting query results to records that meet multiple criteria. •To find records that meet two or more conditions in different fields, enter each of the criteria in the Criteria row under the appropriate field. •When you enter multiple criteria in the Criteria row, the query will return only those records that meet the first criterion and the second criterion.
WHY NOT HAVE ONE GIANT SYSTEM THAT JUST DOES IT ALL
•Vendors typically have domain-specific knowledge. •Difficult to maintain and troubleshoot. •Modular approach helps with -User security -Breaking down complex tasks into smaller components •Application Programming Interfaces (API) typically makes integration easy •Lower cost •Better user experiences
Number of Common Software Development Methodologies
•Waterfall •-Extreme Programming •Rapid Application Development (RAD) •Agile -SCRUM
Predictive analytics examples
•Weather Forecast •Sports Results •Financial Forecasts Risk Assessments
Creating a Depreciation Schedule
•When a business purchases a significant asset such as equipment or computer software, generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) state that the expense must be spread over the asset's useful lifetime. This is referred to as depreciation. •Depreciation over the life of an asset is figured in a depreciation schedule. •Depreciation is important because the value of the asset must be stated accurately on financial statements like the business's balance sheet. •At the end of each accounting period, the asset's book value is recalculated using the initial cost minus the accumulated depreciation.
Analyzing Complex Formulas Using Evaluate Formula
•When working with a workbook that contains complex formulas, it can be very helpful to evaluate the formulas step by step before attempting to make any changes. •The Evaluate Formula feature allows you to view and analyze the current value of each part of a formula.
CUSTOM INTEGRATIONS
•Whereas APIs and Webservices are designed for use over and over again, custom integrations are often used for two specific systems that will be integrated just once. •Typically used when integrating a custom system to a standard solution, or integrating two custom systems with each other.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Functionality
•While functionality in such systems can often be broad - it commonly includes: -Customer-requirement processing -Purchase-order processing -Sales and Distribution -Inventory management -Goods receipt and warehouse management Supplier management/sourcing
Operating system Examples
•Windows •Mac OS •Linux •iOS •Android
FILE MANAGEMENT
•Windows: File Explorer •Mac OS: Finder •OneDrive -Cross Platform
Wiring and wireless
•Wired -Cable -DSL -Fiber -Electrical Wiring •Wireless -Satellite -Radio -Cellular -Wi-Fi
Velocity
•With the growth in the Internet of Things, data streams in to businesses at an unprecedented speed and must be handled in a timely manner. RFID tags, sensors and smart meters are driving the need to deal with these torrents of data in near-real time.
Productivity software
•Word Processors •Spreadsheets •Databases •Presentation Software EX) word, excel
WORKFLOW AND FORMS
•Workflow software typically automates processes through steps, forms, and user roles. •Elements of Workflow Software -Process Flow -Forms -Roles Security
Adding Text Criteria to a Query
•You can refine a select query in Design view so it shows only records that meet specific criteria. •Criteria are conditions that the records must meet in order to be included in the query results. •Each field data type takes a certain type of criterion. •Text criteria are used for text and hyperlink fields.
DATABASES
•is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. Computerized collections of interrelated files - can assemble astonishing quantities of information and make them available to us instantaneously software that is database driven foundation for all software EX) Netflix, wyocor, Instagram •The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database.
Gridlines
•lines that appear on the worksheet defining the rows and columns.
OPEN SOURCE
•software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works. free by users and created by community and not owned by particular people
Application software
•you interact with: •Installed Software •Cloud Software -On your computer -In the cloud -On your smartphone and tablet -Gaming devices -Other devices EX) •Productivity •Communication •Media Production •Utility Business Soft ware
BUSINESS ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS
-Brick and Mortar -On-the-Go -Cloud Business •Type of Business -Retail -Service -Manufacturing -Online -Size •Software Options -Desktop -Cloud -Mobile •Pricing Variables -Users License vs. Subscrip
Servers
-Data Center (safest) -Office (Private Info) -Home (Private Info) -In the cloud (shared with others)
To add an Attachment field from Datasheet view:
1.At the far right side of the table, there is a column with the header Click to Add. Click the arrow to expand the list of available field types, and click Attachment. (cont'd.) 2.Notice that you cannot rename the Attachment field. It is designated by a paperclip icon. (You can, however, rename the field in Design view.) Once you've added the Attachment field, use the Attachments dialog to add and manage attachments for each record.
To hide or show chart elements:
1.Click any empty area of the chart area to select the chart. 2.Click the Chart Elements button that appears near the upper right corner of the chart. 3.Click the check boxes to show or hide chart elements. 4.To select a specific option for a chart element, click the arrow that appears at the right side of the element name, and then click an option.
To add totals to a report in Layout view:
1.Click any value in the control to which you want to add a total. 2.On the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Grouping & Totals group, click the Totals button. 3.Select the function you want to use for the total. Access automatically inserts the new calculated control into the report footer.
To change the calculation type for a field:
1.Click anywhere in the field you want to change. 2.On the PivotTable Tools Analyze tab, in the Active Field group, click the Field Settings button. 3.In the Value Field Settings dialog, Summarize Values By tab, select the function for the type of calculation you want. Click OK.
To delete a field in Design view:
1.Click anywhere in the field you want to delete. 2.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Delete Rows button. 3.When Access asks if you if you want to permanently delete the field, click Yes.
To make changes to the Format field property from Datasheet view:
1.Click anywhere in the field you want to format. 2.On the Table Tools Fields tab, in the Formatting group, expand the Format list, and select the format you want. Not all formats are available for all field data types.
The easiest way to add ROUND to an existing formula is to edit the formula directly in the formula bar or the cell, adding ROUND and the Num_digits argument without going through the Function Arguments dialog.
1.Click in the formula bar or double-click the cell to enter Edit mode. 2.Move the cursor to the beginning of the formula after the = and type: ROUND( 3.The existing formula is the Number argument. Move the cursor to the end of the formula, type a comma, and then type the number to use as the Num_digits argument. 4.Type the closing parenthesis ) and press [Enter].
To filter data:
1.Click the arrow at the top of the column that contains the data you want to filter for. 2.At first, all the filter options are checked. Click the (Select All) check box to remove all the checkmarks. 3.Click the check box or check boxes in front of the values you want to filter by. 4.Click OK. Excel displays only the rows that include the values you specified.
To split the worksheet view:
1.Click the cell in the worksheet where you would like to split the view. You can select an entire row or column as the split point. -If you want to split the worksheet into two horizontal panes, click a cell in column A. -If you want to split the worksheet into two vertical panes, click a cell in row 1. -If you want to split the worksheet into four panes, click any cell in the worksheet. The cell you selected will be the top left cell in the pane in the lower-right quadrant. 2.On the View tab, in the Window group, click the Split button.
To insert a new field in Design view:
1.Click the field below where you want to insert the new field. 2.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Insert Rows button. 3.Enter the field name and select the data type. Enter a description if you want. 4.When you are finished, save the table.
To select multiple files that do not appear in order in the file list
1.Click the first file you want to select. 2.Press and hold the <<Ctrl>>key on the keyboard and then click the next file you want to select. 3.Only the two files you clicked are selected.
To create a copy of a worksheet:
1.Click the worksheet tab, hold down the mouse button, and press and hold Ctrl . 2.Notice that the mouse pointer changes to the shape. 3.Drag the mouse cursor to the position where you want to insert a copy of the selected sheet, and release the mouse button.
To add an attachment:
1.Double-click the Attachment field in the record to which you want to add the attachment. 2.The Attachments dialog opens. 3.Click the Add... button and browse for the file you want to add. 4.Double-click the file to add it, or click the file once, and then click the Open button. 5.Click OK to save the attachment and close the Attachments dialog.
To calculate the mean absolute deviation:
1.First calculate the absolute value for each item in the dataset. Type = ABS( and then enter the cell reference or formula for the Number argument. Type ) and press [Enter]. 2.Copy the formula as necessary to generate all the absolute values. 3.Once you have a list of absolute values for the dataset, create a formula using the AVERAGE function. Use the list of absolute values as the Number1 argument.
To create a formula using one of the database functions:
1.First, set up the criteria range. If you place the criteria range above the database range, include a blank row between the two ranges. 2.Enter the criteria in the blank row below the appropriate column heading. 3.After setting up the criteria range, select the cell where you want to enter the formula. On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Insert Function button to open the Insert Function dialog. (Database functions are not accessible from any of the Ribbon buttons.) 4.If necessary, expand the Or select a category list and select Database. 5.Select the function you want, and then click OK to open the Function Arguments dialog. (continued) 6.In the Database box, enter the range of cells or the name for the data array. Include the heading row. 7.In the Field box, enter the column number or the column label of the column containing the data to use in the calculation. 8.In the Criteria box, enter the range of cells or the name for the criteria range. Click OK.
To create a depreciation schedule using one of the depreciation functions:
1.First, set up the values for the arguments. Create cells containing the cost, salvage, and life values. Ideally, name the cells the same as the arguments—Cost, Salvage, and Life. This will make it easier to copy the formulas to the remaining cells in the schedule. 2.List the periods (year numbers) in a column. The depreciation formula will be entered in the column to the right of the period column. 3.Click the cell immediately to the right of the period 1 cell. On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button, and then click the depreciation function you want to use. 4.Enter absolute cell references or names for the Cost, Salvage, and Life arguments. If you selected SLN as the depreciation function, skip to step 9. 5.Enter a relative cell reference for the Per or Period argument. Use the first cell in the list of period numbers. (continued) 6.If you selected the DB function, and period 1 is a partial period, enter the number of months the item was in use during period 1 in the Month argument. 7.If you are using DDB, and the multiplier is something other than 2, enter the multiplier in the Factor argument. 8.Click OK. 9.Copy the formula to the remaining cells in the depreciation schedule. -If you are using DB, copy the formula to the cell for period 2, remove the Month argument, and then copy the formula to the remaining cells in the schedule. -If you are using SLN, the depreciation schedule will have the same value for every period.
To add a field to a form in Layout view:
1.If necessary, on the Form Layout Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Add Existing Fields button to display the Field List pane. 2.In the Field List pane, click the + in front of the table or query that contains the field(s) you want to add. If the table you want is not visible, click the Show all tables link in the Field List pane. 3.Double-click a field name to add it to the form. A new bound control is automatically created at the top of the form, along with a label control. 4.To add a second column to the stacked layout, click a field name in the Field List, and drag it to the right of the field you just added. Access displays an I-bar shape to indicate where the controls will be placed. 5.Continue adding fields and editing labels until your form is complete. You can add fields to any space in the layout grid using the click-and-drag method. If you look closely, you can see the dotted lines outlining the grid. Use these lines as a guide when you are dragging fields to the layout. 6.To edit the text in a label control, double-click the control to place the cursor within the text. Edit the text normally. 7.Save the form, and then switch to Form view to verify that it looks and behaves as you expect.
To add fields to a report in Layout view:
1.If necessary, on the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Add Existing Fields button to display the Field List pane. 2.In the Field List pane, click the + in front of the table or query that contains the field(s) you want to add. 3.Double-click a field name to add it. A new label control is automatically created at the top of the report with a bound text box control below it. In Layout view, Access displays values for multiple records in the column. 4.Continue double-clicking fields in the Field List to add them to the report. When you are finished adding fields, save the report.
Use the Property Sheet if you need to specify an exact width or height:
1.If the Property Sheet is not visible, in the Form Layout Tools Design tab or the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Property Sheet button. If necessary, click the Property Sheet Format tab. 2.Click anywhere in the control you want to resize. 3.Type the value you want (in inches) in the Width or Height box. Press Enter to apply the change.
To set the primary key in a table:
1.In Design view, click the field that is going to be the primary key. 2.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Primary Key button.
To create a parameter query
1.In Design view, create a select query or open the existing query that you want to change to a parameter query. 2.In the appropriate cell in the Criteria row, instead of entering specific criteria, type the prompt the user will see, enclosed in brackets. Ideally, the prompt will give the user direction as to what data to enter. Examples of parameter query prompts include [𝙴𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚝 𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎] and [𝙴𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚙𝚙𝚘𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚍𝚊𝚝𝚎]. (cont'd.) 3.Run the query to test it. Notice that before results display, the Enter Parameter Value dialog appears with the prompt you created. Enter a value in the box and click OK. 4.The results of the query display only records that match the value you typed in the Enter Parameter Value dialog.
To create a one-variable data table with a column input format:
1.In a column, type the series of values you want to substitute for the variable in your formula. 2.In the cell above and to the right of the first value, type the formula that references the cell you want to replace with the new values. 3.Select the cell range for the data table, beginning with the empty cell above the first value you entered. 4.On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click the What-If Analysis button, and click Data Table... 5.In the Data Table dialog, the input cell is the cell that contains the original value for which you want to substitute the data table values. In this data table, the output values will be listed in a column, so enter the cell reference in the Column input cell box. 6.Click OK.
To run the Find Duplicates Query Wizard:
1.On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Wizard button. 2.In the New Query dialog, click Find Duplicates Query Wizard. Click OK. (cont'd.) 3.Select the table or query that you want to search for duplicate values. In the figure at right, we are selecting a query that includes fields from multiple tables. This allows us to include additional useful information in the query results, such as the length of the service selected for the appointment. Click Next. 4.Add the field(s) where there may be duplicate data. Double-click a field name in the Available fields list to add it to the Duplicate-value fields list. When you include more than one field, data in all fields must be identical in order for the record to be included in the query results. Click Next. 5.Add additional fields that you want to include in the query results. Double-click a field in the Available fields list to add it to the Additional query fields list. Add the fields that will help identify how the duplicate values are related or provide more information about the results. Click Next. 6.Access will suggest a name for the query based on the table or query selected. You can enter a new name or accept the suggestion. Verify that the View the results. radio button is selected, and click Finish to view the results.
To create a report using the Report Wizard:
1.On the Create tab, in the Reports group, click the Report Wizard button. (cont'd.) 2.The Report Wizard opens. The first step is to expand the Tables/Queries list and select the underlying table or query for your report. 3.The Available Fields box displays all the fields from the table or query you selected. Double-click a field name to move it to the Selected Fields box or click the field name once to select it and then click the right arrow button. Click the double right arrow button to add all the available fields with a single click. 4.If you want to include fields from more than one table or query, repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have selected all the fields you want in your report. Click the Next button to go to the next step. 5.If you selected fields from related tables, the next step in the wizard asks how you want to organize the data in the report. Select the table that contains the field you want to use as the main grouping in the report, and then click Next. You will have the opportunity to add additional grouping levels in the next step. If you selected fields from only one table or query, you will not see this step. 6.Use grouping levels to organize the data into subgroups by the value of a specific field. Select the field you want to group by and then click the button. You can add multiple grouping levels and reorder them if necessary using the Priority up and down arrows. When you are finished selecting grouping levels, click Next. 7.Next, specify how you want the data in each subgroup sorted. Expand the sort level list and select the field you want. You can include up to four fields to sort by. Click Next. 8.Select the report layout, and select whether you want to print in Portrait or Landscape orientation. Click Next 9.Give your report a meaningful title, and choose whether to preview how the report will look when printed (Print Preview view) or to modify its design (Design view). 10.Click Finish to save the report.
To create a table in Design view:
1.On the Create tab, in the Tables group, click the Table Design button. 2.Type the name of the first field. Press Tab . 3.Expand the list of data types, and select the data type you want. Press Tab again. 4.Optional: Type a useful description of the field. Press Tab to go to the next field. 5.Repeat steps 2-4 to enter all the fields for the table.
To find a value using Goal Seek:
1.On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click the What-If Analysis button, and then click Goal Seek... 2.Enter the outcome cell in the Set cell box. This cell must contain a formula. 3.Enter the outcome value you want in the To value box. 4.Enter the input cell (the cell that contains the value to be changed) in the By changing cell box. This cell must be referenced in the formula in the outcome cell either directly or indirectly and must contain a value, not a formula. 5.Click OK. 6.The Goal Seek Status box appears, letting you know if Goal Seek was able to find a solution. Click OK to accept the solution and change the value in the input cell or click Cancel to return the input cell to its original value.
To enforce cascading options between related tables:
1.On the Database Tools tab, in the Relationships group, click the Relationships button to open the Relationships window. 2.Double-click the line connecting the two related tables to open the Edit Relationships dialog. 3.To update related records in the "many" table when the "one" record is updated, click the Cascade Update Related Fields check box. 4.To delete records in the "many" table when the "one" record is deleted in the primary table, click the Cascade Delete Related Records check box. 5.Click OK to apply the changes and close the Edit Relationships dialog.
To add the date and/or time to the header:
1.On the Form Layout Tools Design tab or the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Header/Footer group, click the Date and Time button. 2.The Date and Time dialog opens. Check the boxes for the date and/or time formats you want. 3.Click OK to add the date and time options you selected to the upper right corner of the header.
To add a title to the header:
1.On the Form Layout Tools Design tab or the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Header/Footer group, click the Title button. 2.An unbound text control with the name of the database object is added to the header, just to the right of the logo (if there is one). 3.To change the title, click in the box and modify the text.
To use error checking to find errors in your worksheet:
1.On the Formulas tab in the Formula Auditing group, click the Error Checking button. 2.The Error Checking dialog displays information about the first error. The buttons available in the dialog will differ, depending on the type of error found. -If Excel is able to offer a solution to the error, the dialog will include a button to accept the suggested fix. -Click the Help on this error button to open Microsoft Office Help. -Click Ignore Error to dismiss the error. Excel will ignore this error until you manually reset ignored errors through Excel Options. -Click Edit in Formula Bar to fix the error manually. 3.Click the Next button to see the next error in your worksheet. 4.When you have reviewed all errors, Excel displays a message that the error check is complete. Click OK to dismiss the message box.
To create a formula using IFS:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Logical button and select IFS. 2.In the Logical_test1 argument box, enter the first condition for which you want to test. 3.In the Value_if_true1 argument box, enter the text string or value that will be displayed or the formula that will be calculated if the Logical_test1 argument is true. 4.In the Logical_test2 argument box, enter the condition to evaluate if the Logical_test1 argument is false. 5.In the Value_if_true2 argument box, enter the text string or value that will be displayed or the formula that will be calculated if the Logical_test2 argument is true. 6.Repeat steps 4-5 until you have covered all the conditions for which you want to test. 7.Click OK to complete the formula.
To use the Function Arguments dialog to create a formula using IFERROR:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Logical button, and select IFERROR. 2.In the Value argument box, enter the formula you want to calculate. 3.In the Value_if_error argument box, enter the text string, value, or formula the IFERROR formula should use if Excel is unable to compute a value for the formula in the Value argument. 4.Click OK
To create a formula using one of the rounding functions:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Math & Trig button. 2.Select the rounding function you want to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Number argument box, enter the number, cell reference, or formula you want rounded. 4.In the Num_digits argument box, enter the number of digits you want to the right of the decimal. Click OK.
To create a formula using SUMPRODUCT:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Math & Trig button. Select SUMPRODUCT to open the Function Arguments dialog. 2.In the Array1 argument box, enter the first cell range or named range. 3.In the Array2 argument box, enter the cell range or named range you want to multiply the values in Array1 by. 4.Continue entering arrays as necessary. 5.Click OK.
To calculate the rank of a value in a list of values:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select RANK.EQ or RANK.AVG. 2.In the Number argument box, enter the cell reference or number for which you want to find the ranking. 3.In the Ref argument box, enter the cell range or named range for the array of values. 4.The Order argument is optional. By default, Excel will calculate the ranking based on sorting all the values in descending order (so the highest value = 1). If you want to find the rank in the opposite order, enter 1 in the Order argument. 5.Click OK.
To calculate standard deviation using the entire data population:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select STDEV.P. 2.In the Number1 argument box, enter the cell range or named range for the data. 3.If you want the calculation to use multiple noncontiguous cell ranges, enter additional arguments. Click OK.
To calculate standard deviation when only a sample of the data is available:
1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select STDEV.S. 2.In the Number1 argument box, enter the cell range or named range for the sample data. 3.If you want the calculation to use multiple noncontiguous cell ranges, enter additional arguments. 4.Click OK.
You can set the worksheet orientation from the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon:
1.On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click the Orientation button. 2.Click the Portrait or Landscape option. You can also change the worksheet orientation when you print: 1.Click the File tab to open Backstage view. 2.Click Print. 3.In the Settings section, click the button displaying the current orientation setting, and then click the orientation setting you want.
To add a header or footer to a worksheet using the Page Setup dialog:
1.On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click the Page Setup Dialog Launcher to open the Page Setup dialog. 2.Click the Header/Footer tab. 3.Click the arrow beneath the Header or Footer area to expand the list of predefined header/footer options. Click the option you want to use. Click OK.
To display a table that isn't already showing in the Relationships window:
1.On the Relationship Tools Design tab, in the Relationships group, click the Show Table button to open the Show Table dialog. 2.Double-click the table you want to add to the Relationships window. You can also select the table name and then click the Add button in the Show Table dialog. 3.When you are finished adding tables to the Relationships window, click the Close button to close the Show Table dialog.
To add grouping to a report:
1.On the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Grouping & Totals group, click the Group & Sort button to display the Group, Sort, and Total pane at the bottom of the report window. 2.Click the Add a group button in the Group, Sort, and Total pane to display a list of available fields to group by. Click the field you want. To change the grouping level Access selected: 1.Click the arrow next to the grouping level description, and select a new option from the menu. 2.Click outside the menu to accept the change.
To add page numbers to the page footer section:
1.On the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Header/Footer group, click the Page Numbers button. 2.In the Page Numbers dialog, select the page number options you want. Be sure to select the Bottom of Page (Footer) radio button to place the page number at the bottom of the page. 3.Click OK to insert the page numbers. 4.If necessary, scroll down to see the page number at the bottom of the report.
To create a new table relationship and enforce referential integrity between the two tables:
1.Open the Relationships window. On the Database Tools tab, in the Relationships group, click the Relationships button. 2.To create a new relationship, click the primary key field name in the primary table and drag to the related field name in the secondary table. (cont'd.) 3.Review the relationship in the Edit Relationships dialog. Note the type of relationship. 4.Click the Enforce Referential Integrity check box. 5.Click the Create button. Notice the change to the relationship line. The 1 indicates the "one" table in the one-to-many relationship. The infinity symbol indicates the "many" table. When these symbols appear, you know that the relationship has referential integrity enforced.
To export data to Excel:
1.Open the database object or select it in the Navigation Pane. 2.On the External Data tab, in the Export group, click the Excel button. 3.In the Export - Excel Spreadsheet dialog, Access automatically suggests a file name based on the name of the object you selected. If you want to change the file name or the location of the saved file, click the Browse... button and make your changes in the File Save dialog. 4.When exporting to Excel, be sure to check the Export data with formatting and layout check box to maintain data formats such as dates and currency styles. (cont'd.) 5.When the Export data with formatting and layout. option is checked, you also have the option to check the box Open the destination file after the export operation is complete. 6.If you have a table, query, or form open with specific records selected, you can elect to export only those records. Click the Export only the selected records. check box. 7.Click OK to begin the export process. (cont'd.) 8.After the export is complete, you have the option to save the export steps so you can easily run the same export again later. Check the Save export steps check box. If you save your export specifications, you can run the export again later by clicking the Saved Exports button on the External Data tab, Export group. 9.Click the Close button to close the Export - Excel Spreadsheet dialog.
To add text criteria to your query:
1.Open the query in Design view. 2.In the Criteria row, enter the text you want to match in the column for the appropriate field. Run the query to see the results. When the query is limited to records where the value in the State field is CO, there are 15 records in the results as shown in the figure below.
To enter data in a new record in a table:
1.Open the table in Datasheet view. 2.If the last row of the table is visible, you can enter data by typing in the first field in the next row available for data entry indicated by an asterisk * in the row selector. 3.If the last row of the table is not visible, insert a new record by clicking the New (blank) record button at the bottom of the table, or on the Home tab, in the Records group, click the New button. (cont'd.)
To modify an existing field to use a lookup field with values you specify:
1.Open the table in Design view. 2.Click the field you want to modify to use a lookup list. 3.Click the Data Type drop-down arrow and select Lookup Wizard... 4.The first step of the wizard asks you to determine where your lookup list data will come from. Click the I will type in the values that I want. radio button. Click Next to go to the next step. (cont'd.) 5.Observe that Access enters 1 as the default number of columns for the list. If you want more than one column, you can change this value. 6.Press Tab to go to the first cell in the first blank column. 7.Type the values in the table exactly as you want them to appear in the lookup field. Click and drag the right border of the column header to make the column wider or narrower. You can double-click the right column border to AutoFit the column to the data. Click Next to continue. (cont'd.) 8.Access will keep the original field name. If you want to change it, type a new name in the What label would you like for your lookup field? box. 9.If you want to restrict data entry to only items in the list, click the Limit To List check box. 10.Click the Finish button to complete the lookup list. Save the table. Switch to Datasheet view to test the new lookup field. You may need to adjust the column width to display the lookup data properly.
To modify an existing field to use a lookup list:
1.Open the table in Design view. 2.Select the field you want to change to use a lookup list. 3.Expand the Data Type list, and select Lookup Wizard... to open the Lookup Wizard.
To insert a column:
1.Place your cursor in a cell in the column to the right of where you want the new column. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Insert button arrow and select Insert Sheet Columns. The new column will appear to the left of the selected cell
To delete a column:
1.Place your cursor in a cell in the column you want to delete. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Delete button arrow and select Delete Sheet Columns. 3.The column will be deleted, and columns to the right of the deleted column will shift left.
To insert a row:
1.Place your cursor in a cell in the row below where you want the new row. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Insert button arrow and select Insert Sheet Rows. 3.The new row will appear above the selected cell.
To delete a row:
1.Place your cursor in a cell in the row you want to delete. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Delete button arrow and select Delete Sheet Rows. 3.The row will be deleted and the rows below it will shift up.
To move or copy a worksheet to another workbook or to a new workbook:
1.Right-click the sheet tab, and select Move or Copy... to open the Move or Copy dialog. 2.In the Move or Copy dialog, expand the To book list at the top of the dialog. The To book list shows all the Excel workbooks you have open. Click the workbook you want. To move or copy the sheet to a new blank workbook, select (new book). 3.The list of sheets in the Before sheet box will update to show the sheets available in the workbook you selected. Click the name of the sheet you want to move the selected sheet before. If you want to move the sheet to the end of the workbook, select (move to end) in the Before sheet box. 4.If you want to create a copy of the selected sheet, instead of moving the original, click the Create a copy check box. Click OK.
To remove duplicate rows from a table:
1.Select any cell in the table. 2.On Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Remove Duplicates button. 3.By default, all the columns are selected in the Remove Duplicates dialog and Excel will remove duplicates only where the data in the rows are 100 percent identical. To identify duplicate rows where only some of the columns have duplicate data, click the check boxes to uncheck column names. 4.Click OK to remove duplicate rows from the table. 5.Excel displays a message box, telling you how many duplicate rows were found and removed and how many unique values remain in the table. Click OK to dismiss the message box.
The easiest way to begin a new PivotTable is to use one of the recommended PivotTables:
1.Select any cell within the table or cell range you want to use for your PivotTable. 2.On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click the Recommended PivotTables button. 3.Preview each of the options in the Recommended PivotTables dialog. Click the one that is closest to how you want your final PivotTable to look. 4.Click OK to create the PivotTable in a new worksheet. Use the PivotTable Fields pane to review and modify the structure of the PivotTable. In the figure at right, the recommended PivotTable added the PO # field to the Rows section and the Received field to the Values section. The PivotTable summarizes values in the Received field for each value in the PO # field. In the PivotTable Fields pane, check the boxes in from of each column name to add or remove fields from the PivotTable.
To use the PMT function:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button. 3.Select PMT from the list to open the Function Arguments dialog. 4.Enter the Rate argument. This argument is the interest rate. 5.Enter the Nper argument. This argument is the total number of payments over the life of the loan. 6.Enter the Pv argument. This argument is the present value of the loan—how much you owe now (the loan principal). 7.(Optional) The Fv argument is future value of the loan. 8.(Optional) The Type argument represents when payments will be made during each loan period. Click OK.
To create a formula using NPER:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button. Click NPER to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the arguments. -In our example, the payments will be monthly, so the annual interest rate (Rate) must be divided by 12. -The Pmt argument includes a hyphen before the cell reference to make it negative. -The Fv argument is omitted, but the Type argument is set to 1 because payments will be made at the beginning of every period. 4.Click OK.
To use the NPV function:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button. Click NPV to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Rate box, enter the interest rate. The NPV Function Arguments dialog calls this the discount rate. (continued) 4.The remaining arguments are the payments (negative values) and income (positive values). -NPV accepts up to 254 Value arguments. -You can use cell ranges, named ranges, or individual cell references. -If you use a cell range or named range, verify that they do not include blank cells—they will be ignored and the NPV calculation will be wrong. 5.Click OK.
To create a formula using PV:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button. Click PV to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the arguments. -In our example, the payments will be monthly, so the annual interest rate (Rate) must be divided by 12 and the number of payout years (Nper) must be multiplied by 12 as shown in the following figure. -The Pmt argument includes a hyphen before the cell reference to make it negative. -The Fv argument is omitted, but payments will be made at the beginning of every period, so the Type argument must be set to 1. If this argument is omitted, Excel assumes a value of 0. 4.Click OK.
To create a formula using the IF function
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Logical button. . I 3.Select IF to open the Function Arguments dialog. 4.Enter the Logical_test argument. 5.Enter the Value_if_true argument. 6.Enter the Value_if_false argument. 7.Click OK.
To create a formula using the AND function:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Logical button. Select AND to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the first comparison expression in the Logical1 box. Enter additional arguments as necessary. The AND function can take up to 255 arguments. Remember, all the arguments must be true in order for the AND function to return TRUE. 4.Click OK.
To create a formula using the OR function:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Logical button. Select OR to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the first comparison expression in the Logical1 box. Enter additional arguments as necessary. The OR function can take up to 255 arguments. Click OK
To create a formula using INDEX:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Lookup & Reference button, and select INDEX to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.There are two possible arguments lists for the INDEX function. Select the array,row_num,column_num option. Click OK. (continued) 4.In the Array box, enter the range of cells or the name for the entire data array. 5.In the Row_num box, enter the reference to the cell that contains the row position you want to look up in the array. In this example, that is the cell containing the MATCH formula. 6.In the Column_num box, enter the number of the column that contains the data you want displayed in the formula results. Click OK.
To create a formula using MATCH:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Lookup & Reference button, and select MATCH to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the Lookup_value argument. The preceding figure allows the workbook user to enter an item name in cell B1. The Lookup_value argument then references that cell as shown in the next figure, which shows the Function Arguments dialog. (continued) 4.Enter the Lookup_array argument. In the next figure, this argument uses a named range that refers to a vertical range of cells. 5.If necessary, enter the Match_type argument box. In this example, we want to ensure an exact match, so 0 is entered as the Match_type argument. Click OK.
AverageIf
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Math & Trig button and select SUMIFS to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Sum_range argument box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be summed if all the criteria are met. 4.In the Criteria_range1 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria. Text strings and expressions must be enclosed in quotation marks. 5.In the Criteria1 argument box, enter the text string, number, expression, or cell reference for the first criteria. 6.In the Criteria_range2 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria. (continued)
To create a formula using SUMIFS:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Math & Trig button, and select SUMIF to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Range argument box, enter the cell range or named range to evaluate against the criteria. 4.In the Criteria argument box, enter the criteria. The criteria can be a text string, numerical value, expression, or cell reference. Text strings and expressions must be enclosed in quotation marks. 5.In the Sum_range argument box, enter the cell range or named range containing the values you want to add together. If you omit this argument, SUMIF will total the values in the Range argument instead. 6.Click OK.
To create a formula using AVERAGEIF:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select AVERAGEIF to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Range argument box, enter the cell range or named range to evaluate against the criteria. 4.In the Criteria argument box, enter the criteria. The criteria can be a text string, numerical value, expression, or cell reference. 5.In the Average_range argument box, enter the cell range or named range containing the values you want to average. If you omit this argument, AVERAGEIF will average the values in the Range argument instead. 6.Click OK.
To create a formula using AVERAGEIFS:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select AVERAGEIFS to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Average_range argument box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be averaged if all the criteria are met. 4.In the Criteria_range1 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria. 5.In the Criteria1 argument box, enter the text string, number, expression, or cell reference for the first criteria. Remember, text strings and expressions must be enclosed in quotation marks. 6.In the Criteria_range2 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria. 7.In the Criteria2 argument box, enter the text string, number, expression, or cell reference for the second criteria. Remember, text strings and expressions must be enclosed in quotation marks. 8.Continue entering the criteria range and criteria pairs until you are finished. 9.Click OK.
To create a formula using COUNTIFS:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select COUNTIFS to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Criteria_range1 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria. 4.In the Criteria1 argument box, enter the text string, number, expression, or cell reference for the first criteria. (continued) 5.In the Criteria_range2 box, enter the cell range or range name containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria. 6.In the Criteria2 argument box, enter the text string, number, expression, or cell reference for the second criteria. 7.Continue entering the criteria range and criteria pairs until you are finished. Click OK.
To move a chart to a new position on the worksheet:
1.Select the chart. Be careful not to click in the plot area or you will move just the plot area instead of the entire chart. Your mouse cursor will change to the move cursor. 2.With your left mouse button depressed, drag the chart to the new location on the worksheet, and then release the mouse button to "drop" the chart at the new location.
If none of the recommended charts presented in the Quick Analysis tool are precisely what you want, use the Insert Chart dialog instead:
1.Select the data for the chart. 2.Click the Quick Analysis Tool button. 3.Click the Charts tab, and then click the More Charts button to open the Insert Chart dialog. 4.The first tab in the Insert Chart dialog, Recommended Charts, displays the same chart options as the Charts tab in the Quick Analysis tool, plus a few more. When you select a chart type, a preview of the chart appears in the right pane of the dialog. 5.Click OK to insert the selected chart into the worksheet.
To add a recommended chart to a worksheet using the Quick Analysis tool:
1.Select the data you want to visualize as a chart. 2.The Quick Analysis Tool button appears near the lower right corner of the selected range. Click the Quick Analysis Tool button, and then click the Charts tab. 3.Hover the mouse cursor over each chart type to see a live preview of the chart. Click the button for the chart type you want.
also set the default value from Design view:
1.Select the field. 2.In the Field Properties pane, click in the Default Value box and type the numerical value, text, or formula you want to use as the default value. 3.If you want to use the Expression Builder, click the Build... button at the right side of the Default Value box. Save the table.
To add the lookup field using the Lookup Wizard:
1.The first step of the wizard asks you to determine where your lookup list data will come from. The I want the lookup field to get the values from another table or query. radio button is selected by default. Click Next to go to the next step. (cont'd.) 2.Click the name of the table or query that includes the field you want to use for your lookup field values. Click Next. (cont'd.) 3.Double-click each field name you want to include in the lookup. This will move the field(s) from the Available Fields list box to the Selected Fields list box. When you have added all the fields you want, click Next. If you do not select the primary key field, Access will include it automatically. (cont'd.) 4.If you want items in the lookup list sorted in a particular order, select the field to sort by. The sort order is ascending by default. Click the Ascending button if you want to switch the sort order to descending. Click Next. (cont'd.) 5.By default, the Hide key column (recommended) check box is checked. This hides the primary key in the lookup list. 6.Adjust the column width as necessary to display the values in the lookup list. Click and drag the right border of the column header to make the column wider or narrower. You can double-click the right column border to AutoFit the column to the data. Click Next to continue. (cont'd.) 7.If you are modifying an existing field, Access keeps the original field name. If this is a new field, Access gives the field a generic field name such as Field1. You should change the name of the new field to something more meaningful. 8.Click the Enable Data Integrity check box to require that only values from the lookup list are allowed in the field. 9.Verify that the Restrict Delete radio button is selected to prevent any deletions in the table containing the lookup values that would invalidate data in the table containing the lookup field. 10.Click the Finish button to add the new lookup field to the table. (cont'd.) 11. Access will prompt you to save the table so table relationships can be created. Click Yes. Switch to Datasheet view to test the new lookup field. You may need to adjust the column width to display the lookup data properly.
To use the Evaluate Formula feature:
1.To evaluate a specific formula, click the cell that contains the formula you want to review. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Evaluate Formula button to open the Evaluate Formula dialog for the selected cell. -In the Evaluate Formula dialog, the current cell is identified at the left side of the dialog under Reference and the formula is listed in the Evaluation box. -In the Evaluation box, the first element to evaluate is underlined. This may be a cell reference, a named range, or a nested function. (continued) 3.If the underlined part of the formula references a cell, named range, or another formula, click the Step In button to review the details. (continued) 4.Click the Step Out button to return to the original formula. Notice that when you click Step Out, Evaluate Formula moves on to the next part of the formula for which you can click Evaluate or Step In. (continued) 5.Click the Evaluate button to replace the underlined part of the formula with its current value. -Once you click the Evaluate button, you cannot go back to review the previous part of the formula. If you find that you wanted to "step in" instead of evaluating that part of the formula, you'll need to click the Close button and reopen the Evaluate Formula dialog to start over. 6.Continue clicking Step Out and Evaluate until you have examined all parts of the formula, at which point you can click the Start Over button to start the evaluation process from the beginning. 7.Click the Close button to dismiss the Evaluate Formula dialog.
To apply one of the predefined input masks to a field:
1.With the table open in Design view, click the field you want to apply the input mask to. 2.Click the Input Mask box in the Field Properties pane. 3.Click the Build... button to open the Input Mask Wizard. (cont'd.) 4.Click Yes if Access prompts you to save the table. 5.Click the input mask format you want. 6.To test the format, click in the Try It box, and type sample data to see how the input mask will affect data entry as shown in Figure AC 2.29. You must enter all the required characters in the Try It box. 7) Click Next. (cont'd.) 8.The next step in the wizard shows the code for the input mask. Click Next again to continue without making any customizations to the input mask. (cont'd.) 9.In the next step, you specify how Access will store the data—with or without the input mask symbols. Unless you truly need the symbols stored in the database, select the second option. This will help reduce the size of the database. Click Finish. You can also click Next and then click Finish on the final step of the wizard. (cont'd.) 10. Save the table. The input mask code is displayed in the Input Mask box in the Field Properties pane.
Finding Unmatched Data Using a Query
A Find Unmatched query shows records from one table that have no corresponding records in another table. To run the Find Unmatched Query Wizard: 1.On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Wizard button. 2.In the New Query dialog, click Find Unmatched Query Wizard, and click OK. (cont'd.) 3.First, select the table or query that includes the records you want to match. Click Next. 4.Select the table or query that contains the related records. The query will return results from the first table that do not have corresponding records in this table. Click Next. 5.Now, find the fields in the two tables that might contain matches. If there is an obvious field (fields with the same name in both tables or fields with an established relationship), Access will automatically suggest it. Keep in mind that the fields might be named differently in the two tables. In the figure at right, the CustomerID field in the Customers table contains the same values as the Customer field in the Appointments table. Click Next. 6.Add additional fields that you want to include in the query results. Double-click a field name in the Available fields list to add it to the Selected fields list. Add the fields that will help identify how the field values are related or fields that you need to identify the records accurately. Click Next. 7.Access will suggest a name for the query based on the tables selected. You can enter a new name or accept the suggestion. Verify that the View the results. radio button is selected, and click Finish to view the results. The results of the unmatched Query Wizard display the specified fields from the first table for records that do not have corresponding records in the second table.
1905 AD
Airplane
Increase or decrease productivity
Defective software accounts for 45% of computer downtime and costs U.S. businesses $100 billion
Trademarks
Designs and names, often officially registered, by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differentiate their products
Using Date and Time Functions
Excel includes two functions that insert the current date or date and time. •The NOW function inserts the current date and time. •The TODAY function inserts only the current date.
Prevent or incur liabilities
FoxMeyer sued SAP for $500 million for an ERP failure
Finding Data with MATCH and INDEX
If the value you want to look up is in a column other than the first you can use a combination of two functions: MATCH and INDEX. •MATCH returns the position of a specific value in a single row or column array. •INDEX returns the value at the intersection of a specified row and column in an array. First use MATCH to find the row or column position of the value you want, and then use the results of MATCH as the row number or column number argument in INDEX.
UPLOADING FILES TO ONEDRIVE
If you are on a computer that does not have OneDrive installed on it, you can upload the files through the OneDrive website. To upload a file using OneDrive: 1.Log in to your OneDrive account on https://onedrive.live.com. 2.Navigate to the location where you want to save the uploaded file. 3.At the top of the window, click the Uploadbutton and select Filesor Folderfrom the menu. 4.Navigate to the location of the file or folder you want to add to your OneDrive and select the file or folder. 5.Click the Open button.
Grouping Worksheets
If you have multiple worksheets with the same structure, you can make changes to all of the worksheets at the same time by grouping them. To group worksheets: 1.Click the first worksheet tab. 2.Hold down Shift and click the tab for the last worksheet you want included in the group. If you want to select noncontiguous worksheets (sheets that are not next to each other), press Ctrl instead, and then click each sheet tab. 3.Notice that the title bar now includes [Group] after the file name. 4.Make the change you want to the sheet. This same change will be made to all sheets in the group. 5.To ungroup, click any sheet tab that is not part of the group.
Printing Titles
If your worksheet includes a large table of data that prints on more than one page, you should ensure that the column or row labels print on every page. To repeat rows and columns on every printed page: 1.On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click the Print Titles button. 2.In the Page Setup dialog, on the Sheet tab, click in the Rows to repeat at top box, and then click and drag to select the rows to repeat. You can also type the row reference(s) using the format $1:$1. This example would repeat the first row only. (cont'd.) 3.Click in the Columns to repeat at left box, and then click and drag to select the columns to repeat. You can also type the column reference(s) using the format $A:$A. This example would repeat the first column only. $A:$B would repeat columns A and B on every printed page. 4.Click OK.
Working with Named Ranges
Rather than using a range of cells in your formulas, you can use a named range. The name will always refer to the cells, even if their position in the worksheet changes. To use a named range in a formula: 1.Click the cell where you want to enter the new formula. 2.Type the formula, substituting the range name for the cell references. 3.As you type alphabetical characters, Formula AutoComplete will offer name suggestions. If you see the name you want, double-click it and Excel will insert the name into the formula. Press Enter to accept the formula.
Data
Raw data, typically what we store in a ledger, database or spreadsheet Example: •Sales Data •Sports Results •Stock •Market •Class Roster •Inventory
Data
Raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object comes in many different forms (4 basic forms)
Prehistory
Stone Tools, Fire, Bow, Wheel
Structured Data
Stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet fits in collums and rows. EX)spreadshit, database
Straight Line
Straight-line depreciation is the simplest depreciation to figure: (the cost of the asset minus the salvage value) divided by the life of the asset (in years). Because straight-line depreciation is the same for every period in the depreciation schedule, there is no need for a period argument. To calculate straight-line depreciation, use the SLN function. =SLN(Cost,Salvage,Life)=SLN(Cost,Salvage,Life)
Unstructured and Machine Generated
Surveillance Photos
1823 AD
Telegraph
MOVING FILES AND FOLDERS
The Cut, Copy, and Pastecommands are used to move files and folders from one location to another. To use cut, copy, and paste to move files and folders: 1.Select the file or folder you want to move. 2.On the Hometab, in the Clipboardgroup, click the Copyor Cutbutton. 3.Navigate to the folder you want to move the file to and click the Pastebutton. -To use the Copy tocommand to copy a file to a folder, on the Hometab, in the Organizegroup, click the Copy Tobutton and select a folder. -To use the Move to command to move a file to a folder, on the Hometab, in the Organizegroup, click the Move Tobutton and select a folder.
Calculating Future Value with the FV Function
The FV (future value) function calculates the future value of an investment. For example, if you deposit the same amount of money every period at a steady interest rate, use FV to calculate the future value of your savings. The FV function has three required arguments and two optional arguments: •Rate—the interest rate. If the interest rate is an annual interest rate, it must be divided by the number of payment periods per year. •Nper—the total number of payments. •Pmt—the amount of each payment. As the payment is money going out, it is usually expressed as a negative number. •Pv—(optional) the present value or how much the investment is worth today. If there is no money in the investment vehicle prior to the first payment, you can omit this argument. When the Pv argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0. •Type—(optional) when the Type argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0 and calculates the result based on payments at the end of each period. Enter 1 for this argument if funds are added to the investment the beginning of each period.
Creating a Form Using the Form Wizard
The Form Wizard walks you through the steps of creating the form, including selecting fields and a layout. To create a new form using the Form Wizard: 1.On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the Form Wizard button. (cont'd.) 2.The Form Wizard opens. The first step is to expand the Tables/Queries list and select the underlying table or query for your form. 3.The Available Fields box displays all the fields from the table or query you selected. Double-click a field to move it to the Selected Fields box or click the field name once to select it and then click the right arrow button. Click the double right arrow button to add all the available fields with a single click. 4.If you want to include fields from more than one table or query, repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have selected all the fields you want in your form. Click the Next button to go to the next step. 5.If you selected fields from related tables, the next step in the wizard asks how you want to organize the data in the form. To create a form with a subform, in the How do you want to view your data? box, select the table that is the "one" part of the one-to-many relationship. The wizard will create a subform—a form within the form—to display the related records from the "many" table. Verify that the Form with subform(s) radio button is selected, and then click Next. (cont'd.) 6.The next step asks you to select layout options. If your form includes a subform, select a layout for the subform: Tabular or Datasheet. If the form does not include a subform, you can select from a list of layout options for the main form: Columnar, Tabular, Datasheet, or Justified. Click the radio button for the layout option you want, and then click Next. (cont'd.) 7.Enter a title for the form. If your form includes a subform, enter the title for the subform as well. The subform will be saved as a separate database object. Select whether you want to open the form to view and enter information (Form view) or modify the form's design (Design view). (cont'd.) 8.Click Finish to save the form.
MODE.MULT
The MODE.MULT function, used in the figure at right, populates cells H8:H9 (the results array) with the two mode values: 22 and 25. =MODE.MULT(Number1,[Number2]...)=MODE.MULT(C2:C22) •Notice that the formula is the same as the formula for MODE.SNGL except it is surrounded by braces. •The braces tell Excel that this is an array formula and that the selected cells should be populated with multiple values. Use one of these methods to enter the formula: A.Enter the formula by typing it directly in the formula bar. After typing the formula, press [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[Enter]. Using this keystroke combination instructs Excel to enter an array formula. Notice that Excel places braces around the formula. You cannot type the braces. You must use [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[Enter] after typing the formula. B.Enter the formula using the Function Arguments dialog. 1.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and then click MODE.MULT. 2.Enter the cell range or range name to evaluate in the argument box. 3.Click OK. 4.Place the cursor in the formula bar and press [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[Enter] before clicking another cell or pressing any other keyboard key.
Calculating the Number of Payments with NPER
The NPER function calculates the number of payments available from a retirement account or due on a loan given a constant interest rate and payment amount. The NPER function has three required arguments and two optional arguments: •Rate—the interest rate. If the interest rate is an annual interest rate, it must be divided by the number of payment periods per year. •Pmt—the amount of each payment. As the payment is money going out, it is usually expressed as a negative number. •Pv—the value of the investment or loan today. (continued) •Fv—(optional) the amount of money left after the last payment is made (the future value). If the final balance in the account is expected to be zero, you can omit this argument. When the Fv argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0. •Type—(optional) enter 1 for this argument if the payment is made at the beginning of each period. When the Type argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0 and calculates the result based on payments at the end of each period. When paying yourself from a retirement account, the payment is usually made at the beginning of each period, so set Type to 1.
Updating Named Ranges with the Name Manager
To change the cell or range of cells to which a name refers: 1.Open the Name Manager and select the name you want to modify. 2.Edit the cell references in the Refers to box. You can also click the Collapse Dialog button to hide the Name Manager, and then click and drag to select the new cell range. When you are finished, click the Expand Dialog button to display the Name Manager again. 3.Click the checkmark icon to the left of the Refers to box to accept the change. Click Close to close the Name Manager.
Changing the Chart Type
To change the chart type: 1.On the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Type group, click the Change Chart Type button. 2.In the Change Chart Type dialog, click a chart type category to display that category in the right pane. 3.Click one of the chart types along the top of the right pane to see previews of the options available, and then click the chart type you want. Click OK.
Adding a Calculated Field to a Query
To create a calculated field in a query, you can type the expression directly in the query grid or you can use the Expression Builder to build it. To use the Expression Builder to create a calculated field in a query: 1.Open the query in Design view. 2.Click in an empty cell in the Field row in the query grid. If a cell with a field name is selected when you build the expression, you will replace the field with the calculated field. 3.On the Query Tools Design tab, in the Query Setup group, click the Builder button to open the Expression Builder. (cont'd.) 4.The center box in the Expression Builder lists fields in the query. In the Expression Categories box, double-click a field name to add it to the expression box at the top of the dialog. When referencing a field name in an expression, the field name is always enclosed in brackets. 5.Finish entering the expression. 6.Click OK to add the expression to the query. (cont'd.) 7.Notice that the new calculated field begins with Expr1:—this is the temporary name for the field. Click in the field and change Expr1 to something more meaningful. Be careful not to delete the colon. Click and drag to make the column wider if you need more room to enter the field name. 8.Run the query to see the results of the calculated field.
Creating a New Blank Report in Layout View
To create a new blank report directly in Layout view, on the Create tab, in the Reports group, click the Blank Report button. Notice that there are no records in the new report. The new blank report does not have a record source defined. The report is an empty layout until you add controls.
CREATING FOLDERS IN ONEDRIVE
To create a new folder from the OneDrive Web site: 1.Log in to your OneDrive account on https://onedrive.live.com. 2.Navigate to the location where you want to create the folder. 3.Click the New button at the top of the window and select Folder. 4.Type the name of the folder in the Folder namebox and click the Createbutton.
Deleting and Renaming Database Objects
To delete a database object: 1.Right-click the object name in the Navigation Pane and select Delete. 2.Access displays a confirmation message asking if you want to delete the object. Click Yes to delete it or No to cancel the delete command. Be careful! Once you delete a database object, you cannot undo the deletion. To rename a database object: 1.Right-click the object name in the Navigation Pane and select Rename. 2.Type the new object name, and press Enter .
Deleting Records
To delete a record in Datasheet view: 1.Click the record selector so the record you want to delete is selected. 2.On the Home tab, in the Records group, click the Delete button. 3.Access warns you that you cannot undo the deletion. Click Yes to continue. Deleting a record in a form will delete the record in the underlying table. To delete a record in Form view: 1.Navigate to the record you want to delete. 2.On the Home tab, in the Records group, click the Delete button arrow, and select Delete Record. 3.Access warns you that you cannot undo the deletion. Click Yes to continue.
Deleting Worksheets
To delete a worksheet: 1.Select the sheet you want to delete by clicking the worksheet tab. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Delete button arrow, and select Delete Sheet. 3.If you try to delete a sheet that contains data, Excel will display a warning that the sheet may contain data and ask if you are sure you want to permanently remove it from your workbook. Click the Delete button to continue and delete the worksheet. Be careful—you cannot undo the Delete Sheet command.
Exporting Data to Excel
You can export Access data to a variety of other applications including Microsoft Excel. This is helpful if you want to share the data with someone who may not have Access or may not need to see the entire database.
Black-hat hacker
break into other peoples' computer systems and may just look around or may steal and destroy information
Black-hat hackers
break into other peoples' computer systems and may just look around or may steal and destroy information
Extreme programming (XP) methodology
breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete The primary difference between the waterfall and XP methodologies is that XP divides its phases into iterations with user feedback
project manager
bring enormous benefits to an organization such as reduced project expense, high company morale, and quicker time to market. A competent project manager sets the correct expectations early in the project with achievable milestones
Management information system, or MIS
broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization. helps management make decisions
Benjamin Franklin's timeless advice applies to software development projects
by failing to plan, you plan to fail
Line Charts
charts feature a line connecting each data point—showing the movement of values over time. Line charts work best when data trends over time are important. To add a line chart: 1.Select the data you want to include in the line chart. Be sure to include both values and the related cells that represent time segments (dates, calendar quarters, etc.). 2.On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Insert Line Chart button. 3.Click the chart type you want to insert the chart into the worksheet. 4.If Excel does not display the time categories along the x axis, switch the data series and the categories. On the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Data group, click the Switch Row/Column button.
To change the title text
click the box to select it and edit the text directly in the text box. You can also type new text in the formula bar and then press Enter
To modify the Format field property from Design view:
1.Click anywhere in the field you want to format. 2.In the Field Properties pane, click in the Format property box. 3.Click the arrow at the right end of the box to expand the list of available formats, and select the format you want. 4.If you want this property change to affect all other database objects that use this field, click the Property Update Options button and select Update Format everywhere [field name] is used. Save the table.
To move a chart to a new sheet:
1.If necessary, select the chart. If you just created the chart, it will still be selected. 2.On the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Location group, click the Move Chart button. 3.In the Move Chart dialog, click the New sheet radio button to move the chart to its own worksheet. Click OK.
To apply a theme to a workbook:
1.On the Page Layout tab, in the Themes group, click the Themes button to expand the gallery. 2.Roll your mouse over each theme in the gallery to preview the formatting changes. 3.Click one of the themes to apply it to your workbook.
To create a formula using FV:
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Financial button. Click FV to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.Enter the arguments. In the figure at right, the interest rate is annual and the payments are monthly, so the interest rate must be divided by 12. Notice that the Pmt argument includes a hyphen before the cell reference to make it negative. The Pv and Type arguments are optional and not necessary in this example. 4.Click OK.
Megabyte
1048576 B = 1024 KB. = 1 MB
email can easily be read by:
Anyone who works for the Internet service provider Anyone who works for the recipient's Internet service provider Anyone who operates any of the perhaps dozens of Internet routers that the data packets will pass through Anyone with physical access to the telephone switching equipment in the phone company's office
Vertical privilege escalation
Attackers grant themselves a higher access level such as administrator, allowing the attacker to perform illegal actions such as running unauthorized code or deleting data. For example, an attacker might log on to a network by using a guest account and then exploit a weakness in the software that lets the attacker change the guest privileges to administrative privileges.
Horizontal privilege escalation
Attackers grant themselves the same access levels they already have but assume the identity of another user. For example, someone gaining access to another person's online banking account would constitute horizontal privilege escalation.
Planning phase
Establishes a high-level plan of the intended project and determines project goals
1968
Intel Incorporates
1280 AD
Optical Lens
the difference between privacy and confidentiality
Privacy is the condition of being free from unauthorized observation or intrusion Confidentiality - is the ethical principle that workers should not share information provided by a client or about a client unless they have the client's explicit permission to do so.
1935
Vacuum Tubes envisioned as electronic circuits
Accounting Number Format
With the dollar sign to the left, inserts a comma every three positions
Column chart
charts work best with data that are organized into rows and columns like a table. To insert a column chart: 1.Select the data you want to include in the column chart. 2.On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Insert Column or Bar Chart button. 3.Click the chart type you want to insert the chart into the worksheet.
ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
computer software used to satisfy the needs of an organization rather than individual users. Such organizations include businesses, schools, interest-based user groups, clubs, charities, and governments. Enterprise software is an integral part of a (computer-based) information system; a collection of such software is called an Enterprise system.
SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
connecting separate information systems and data to improve business processes and decision making
"The last mile"
connects internet provider to home
The print area
is a range of cells that you designate as the default print selection. · If you have defined a print area for your worksheet, it will be the only part of the worksheet that prints.
Regression testing
is the testing after modification of a system, component, or a group of related units to ensure that the modification is working correctly and is not damaging or imposing other modules to produce unexpected results. It falls under the class of black box testing.
Beta testing
is the testing which is done by end users, a team outside development, or publicly releasing full pre-version of the product which is known as beta version. The aim of beta testing is to cover unexpected errors. It falls under the class of black box testing.
present value
is the value today of a series of future payments. •For example, at today's interest rates, what is the lump sum you would need to fund a retirement account to pay an annuity (a series of constant payments) to yourself? •Present value can be calculated using the PV function when the payments are constant.
Hybrid Model Infrastructure
most business run a hybrid model Ex) Local: filer server, accounting, documents, development Hosted: Customers, Test Sites Cloud: Office 365, File Sharing
Acting Ethically and Acting Legally Are Not Always the Same Thing
most organizations want to make decisions somewhere in quadrant I, both legal and ethical
2020 Standard PC
operating system: Windows 10 Processor: 2.8 Ghz x 4 cores Memory: 16 GB Storage: 3 TB Storage Medium: SD Internet Speed: 500 MB/sec Internet Connection Type: Cable
2000 PC
operating system: Windows 2000 Processor: 500 Mhz Memory: 512 MB Storage: 10 GB Storage Medium: Magnetic Hardrive Internet Speed: 1 MB/sec Internet Connection Type: DSL
1990 Student PC
operating system: Windows 3.0 Processor: 40 Mhz Memory: 1 MB Storage: 40 MB Storage Medium: Magnetic Hardrive Internet Speed: 2400 Bit/sec Internet Connection Type: Dial-up Modem
2010 First Ipad
operating system: iOS Processor: 1 GHz Memory: 32 GB Storage: 32 GB Storage Medium: RAM Internet Speed: 100 MB/sec Internet Connection Type: WiFi 802.11n
Ranking
refers to the sort order of a value relative to all the other values in the dataset. Excel includes two functions to calculate rank. If the dataset includes duplicate values, and you want the lowest ranking for that value, use the function RANK.EQ. If you want the average ranking for that value, use RANK.AVG instead. •RANK.EQ and RANK.AVG both take two required arguments and one optional argument. •Number—the number, cell reference, or formula for which you want to find the ranking. •Ref—the cell range of the list within which the Number argument should be ranked. Order (optional)—tells Excel which way to sort the list to determine ranking.
Pie Charts
represent data as parts of a whole. Pie charts work best when you want to evaluate values as they relate to a total value. To add a pie chart: 1.Select the data you want to include in the pie chart. 2.On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Insert Pie Chart button. 3.Click the chart type you want to insert the chart into the worksheet.
Waterfall methodology
sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next A sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance one of the oldest software development methods and has been around for over 30 years The success rate for software development projects that follow this approach is only about 10 percent, or 1 in 10 The biggest problem with the waterfall methodology is that it assumes users can specify all business requirements in advance It also assumes that business requirements do not change over time -Stress to your students that if they ever find themselves on a software development project that is using the waterfall methodology they should do everything they can to change the methodology
AverageIfs
takes arguments for up to 127 pairs of criteria ranges and criteria. The result of AVERAGEIFS is the average of all the cells that meet all criteria. AVERAGEIFS takes three required arguments and multiple optional arguments: •Average_range—the range of cells to average where criteria are met •Criteria_range1—the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria •Criteria1—the first criteria •Criteria_range2—(optional) the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria •Criteria2—(optional) the second criteria continuing up to Criteria_range127 and Criteria127)
Legend
tells you which data point or data series is represented by each color in the chart
Unit testing
test individual units or pieces of code for a system
Development testing
test the system to ensure it is bug-free
different ways to edit the data in your worksheet.
§ If you want to change the contents of the entire cell, use Ready mode. § If you want to change only part of the cell data, use Edit mode.
absolute reference
§ a cell reference whose location remains constant when the formula is copied. Uses a dollar sign —$A$1
Business software
•Accounting •Customer Relationship Management (CRM) •Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Audio Files
•CD -1980s -44 kHz 16 bit •Spotify -2010s -48 kHz 24 bit •High-Res Audio -96 kHz 24 or 32 bit •kHz = Sample Rate -how many samples per second •Bit Rate -how high resolution -8 bit -256 frequencies -16 bit -65,536 frequencies -24 bit -16,777,215 frequencies Human Ear -20-20,000 frequencies
spreadsheets
•Conditional Formatting •Lookups •Statistical Functions •Pivot Tables •What-If Analysis Tools -Solver -Goal Seek
Factors driving outsourcing growth include
•Core competencies •Financial savings •Rapid growth •The Internet and globalization
There are multiple ways to calculate depreciation, but most depreciation functions use the same arguments:
•Cost—the initial cost of the asset—usually the purchase price. •Salvage—the fair market value of the asset at the end of its useful life. •Life—the number of years the asset will be used. •Per or Period—the number of the accounting period, where each accounting period is one year of the asset's life. Cost, Salvage, and Life are constant values in the depreciation schedule and require an absolute cell reference or name reference. Period is usually a relative reference to the column in the depreciation schedule that displays the period number. As the depreciation formula is copied, this reference updates automatically.
Key Concepts in table design
•Creating Table •Adding Fields •Setting Field Types •Creating Primary Keys •Creating Relationships •Creating Input Masks •Linking to Lookup Tables
INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT
•Current Needs •Future Needs •Environmental Needs
The consequences of failed projects include:
•Damaged brand •Lost goodwill •Dissolution of partnerships •Lost investment opportunities •Low morale
Business analytics
•Data analytics applied to solving business problems •Business analytics combines qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools to identify key business problems and translate data analysis into decisions that improve business performance.
Business Software Alliance (BSA)
•Financial Software -Point of Sale -Accounting •Customer Relationship Management (CRM) •Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Class Exercise: Sharing Excel spreadsheet
EXAMPLES OF ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
•Financial Software •Business Process Management •Business Intelligence •Knowledge Management •Customer Relationship Management (CRM) •Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) •Supply Chain Management (SCM) •Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) •Source Code Management •Custom Built Enterprise Solutions
SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
•FreshBooks Cloud Accounting •QuickBooks •ZohoBooks
DYNAMIC IP ADDRESSES
•From your Internet Service Provider (ISP): distinct address they give you •From your WiFi Router: unique for each device -DHCP Server -Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol every time you log on you get a new one (UW)
COMMON EXCEL BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
•Gathering Data from Multiple Sources •Importing Data •Preparing Data •Extending Data •Analyzing Data •Sharing Information •Collaboration
Media production
•Graphic Design Software •Photo Editing Software •Video Editing Software •Audio Production Software
IP Versions
•IPv4 -32 bit -8 bits for each number, 1973, 4 billion unique addresses •IPv6 -128 bit 340 million undecillion addresses
COMMON CYBER ATTACKS
•Malware •Phishing •Man-in-the-middle attack •Denial-of-service attack •SQL Injection
Volume
•Organizations collect data from a variety of sources, including business transactions, smart (IoT) devices, industrial equipment, videos, social media and more. In the past, storing it would have been a problem - but cheaper storage have eased the burden.
Changing Worksheet Orientation
•Orientation refers to the direction the worksheet prints. It doesn't affect the way the worksheet looks on your computer screen. •The default print setting is for portrait orientation—when the height of the page is greater than the width (like a portrait hanging on a wall). •If your workbook is wide, you may want to use landscape orientation instead, where the width of the page is greater than the height.
The PV function has three required arguments and two optional arguments:
•Rate—the interest rate. If the interest rate is an annual interest rate, it must be divided by the number of payment periods per year. •Nper—the total number of payments. •Pmt—the amount of each payment. As the payment is money going out, it is usually expressed as a negative number. •Fv—(optional) the amount of money left after the last payment is made (the future value of the investment). If the final balance in the account is expected to be zero, you can omit this argument. When the Fv argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0. •Type—(optional) enter 1 for this argument if the payment is made at the beginning of each period. When the Type argument is empty, Excel assumes a value of 0 and calculates the result based on payments at the end of each period. When using PV to calculate the amount needed for annuity payments, the payment would generally be at the beginning of the period, so Type must be set to 1.
Basic Descriptive Functions You Have Already Used
•SUM •COUNT •AVERAGE •MIN •MAX •PIVOT TABLES •PIVOT CHARTS
MID-TIER ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
•Sage 50 Cloud •QuickBooks Enterprise 20-500 employees
WHY CRM?
•Sales -Keeping track of an ever more complex sale process. -A tool for sales people to keep on top of leads. -Source for sales forcecast •Customer Support -Keeping track of customers -Supporting customers -Keeping customers Customer reporting
Data visualization tools
•Tableau •Microsoft PowerBI •Persicope •Cognos , Excel
Key components of a database
•Tables -Contains related records, example People •Records -Rows in a table, representing the different people we are storing •Fields -Columns in a table representing the different objects stored. First Name, Last Name •Queries -Saved searches., subset table -All students with the last name "Smith" -All students with a GPA over 3.5 -All students born in November Extends to also include: •User Interfaces (where you enter data) -Forms (some can produce data) -Administration Reports (where you get data out)
The types of objects in an Access database are:
-Tables—Store all the database data. They are the essential building blocks of the database. A table looks similar to a spreadsheet. -Each row in the table contains all the data for a single record. -Each column in the table represents a specific data value called a field. All records in a table have the same fields. •A relational database is a group of tables related to one another by common fields. •Forms—Allow users to input data through a friendly interface. Entering data through a form is easier than entering it directly into a table. All the data entered into a form are stored in the underlying database table(s). •Queries—Extract data from a table or related tables. Saved search and subset table that allow you to make criteria, filters, and sort . Queries can also perform actions on tables such as updating data values or deleting data. •Query results may look like a table, but they do not store data permanently. •The query results are updated dynamically each time the query is run—retrieving data fresh from the table(s) upon which the query is based. •Reports—Display database information for printing or viewing on-screen. Reports do not allow data entry; they are read-only.
To sum data that meet multiple criteria, use SUMIFS.
. SUMIFS takes arguments for up to 127 pairs of criteria ranges and criteria. The result of SUMIFS is the total of all the cells that meet all criteria. SUMIFS takes three required arguments and multiple optional arguments: •Sum_range—the range of cells to sum where criteria are met •Criteria_range1—the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria •Criteria1—the first criteria •Criteria_range2—(optional) the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria •Criteria2—(optional) the second criteria (continuing up to Criteria_range127 and Criteria127)
System Implementation Methods
1) parallel implementation- uses both the legacy system and new system until all users verify that the new system functions correctly 2) plunge implementation- discards the legacy system and immediately migrates all users to the new system 3) pilot implementation- assigns a small group of people to use the new system until it is verified that it works correctly; then the remaining users migrate to the new system 4) phased implementation- installs the new system in phases until it is verified that it works correctly
DATA MAPPING
1. Data mapping allows for connections between two systems. This connection allows for data initially captured for one purpose to be translated and used for another purpose. One system in a map is identified as the source while the other is the target. 2. Process by which two distinct data models are created and a link between these models is defined. 3. A process used in data warehousing by which different data models are linked to each other using a defined set of methods to characterize the data in a specific definition. This definition can be any atomic unit, such as a unit of metadata or any other semantic. This data linking follows a set of standards, which depends on the domain value of the data model used. Data mapping serves as the initial step in data integration
To create a select query in Design view:
1. On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Design button. 2.Query Design view opens with the Show Table dialog active. Double-click the name of each table you want to include in the query (or click the table name once, and then click the Add button). Click the Close button when you have added the tables you want. You must close the Show Table dialog before continuing to build the query. 3.A complete field list for each table appears in the upper pane of the query Design window. When a relationship exists between two tables, a line connects the related fields. You may find it necessary to adjust the layout of the query Design window 5.Add fields to the query using one of these methods: -Double-click the field name in the table box. -Click the field name and drag it to the design grid. -Click in an empty cell in the Field row of the design grid, expand the list of available fields by clicking the arrow, and click the field name you want. -To rearrange the order of fields in the query, move the mouse pointer to the top of the field column in the grid. When the mouse pointer changes to the down arrow shape, click to select the entire column, and then click and drag the column to the new position in the grid. -To remove a field from the query grid, move the mouse pointer to the top of the field column in the grid. When the mouse pointer changes to the down arrow shape, click to select the entire column, and then press Delete. 6.When you have added all the fields you want, run the query by clicking the Run button near the left side of the Ribbon (on the Query Tools Design tab, in the Results group). 7.Press Ctrl + S to save the query. In the Save As dialog, enter a name for the query in the Query Name box. Click OK.
To create a basic report based on a table or query:
1.In the Navigation Pane, select the table or query record source for your report. 2.On the Create tab, in the Reports group, click the Report button. 3.When you save the report, notice that the default name in the Report Name box is the same as the name of the table or query on which the report is based. Type a new name if you want to use something else.
To create a formula using COUNTIF
1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and select COUNTIF to open the Function Arguments dialog. 3.In the Range argument box, enter the cell range or named range to evaluate against the criteria. 4.In the Criteria argument box, enter the criteria. The criteria can be a text string, numerical value, expression, or cell reference. Remember, text strings and expressions must be enclosed in quotation marks. Click OK.
Kilobyte
1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Computer can hold 1024 characters)
Gigabyte
1073741824 B = 1024 MB = 1 GB (our smartphones today are measured in GB; have about 130 GB)
Terabytes
1099511627776 B = 1024 GB = 1 TB (our laptops and pcs have about 2 TB today)
Petabyte
1125899906842620 B = 1024 TB = 1 PT
Exabyte
1152921504606850000 B = 1024 PT = 1 EB
Zettabyte
1180591620717410000000 B = 1024 EB = 1 ZB
Computer Bug
1945 programmer of ENIAC, Grace, had a moth inside radio tubes from then on bugs created problems
Software
3 main categories •Firmware •Operating System •Application Software
survey of workplace monitoring and surveillance practices by the American Management Association (AMA) and the ePolicy Institute showed the degree to which companies are turning to monitoring
82 percent (of the 1,627 companies surveyed) acknowledged conducting some form of electronic monitoring or physical surveillance 63 percent stated that they monitor Internet connections 47 percent acknowledged storing and reviewing employee email messages
Structured and Machine Generated
A Computer Log Spotify Playlist (You can download this data as a CVS: Collum separated data)
MICROSOFT EXCEL
A Microsoft application that allows users to create spreadsheet documents. a spreadsheet program in which you enter, manipulate, calculate, and chart numerical and text data.
Creating a PivotChart from a PivotTable
A PivotChart is a graphic representation of a PivotTable. To create a PivotChart from a PivotTable: 1.Select any cell in the PivotTable. 2.On the PivotTable Tools Analyze tab, in the Tools group, click the PivotChart button 3.Select a chart type from the Insert Chart dialog. Click OK. If you need more room to display the PivotChart, you may want to hide the PivotTable Fields pane. On the PivotChart Tools Analyze tab, in the Show/Hide group, click the Field List button to hide or display the PivotTable Fields pane.
Unstructured and Human Generated
A Poem Discussion Post
Creating a Split Form
A Split form combines the convenience of a continuous Datasheet form with the usability of a Single Record form displaying one record at a time. To create a Split form: 1.In the Navigation Pane, select the table or query record source for your form. 2.On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the More Forms button, and select Split Form. 3.When you save the form, notice that the default name in the Form Name box is the same as the name of the table or query on which the form is based. Type a new name if you want to use something else.
cell reference
A cell's address, its position in the workbook Excel puts it in reference form by default
Rapid growth.
A company's sustainability depends on both speed to market and ability to react quickly to changes in market conditions. By taking advantage of outsourcing, an organization is able to acquire best-practices process expertise. This facilitates the design, building, training, and deployment of business processes or functions.
BIOS
A computer's Basic Input Output System handle a rudimentary and essential process: they set up the computer and boot the operating system. The BIOS's primary function is to handle the system setup process including driver loading and operating system booting. Allows to comunicate with any other software
ARPANET
A defense-related computer network that was the precursor to the internet.
Cable modem
A device that uses coaxial cable to send and receive data.
AutoFill
A feature that allows you to quickly apply the contents of one cell to another cell or range of cells selected.
RENAMING FILES AND FOLDERS
A file name is a unique identifier for a file. It is comprised of two parts: the name and the extension. To rename a file or folder: 1.Click the file or folder name once to select it. 2.Click the name again. 3.Type the new name for the file or folder and press <<Enter>>.
Project plan
A formal, approved document that manages and controls project execution A well-defined project plan should be: •Easy to understand and read •Communicated to all key participants •Appropriate to the project's size, complexity, and criticality •Prepared by the team, rather than by the individual project manager should be prepared by the team, rather than by the individual project manager -defined the timeframes they required to finish the tasks is not forced upon
dashboard
A graphical user interface that organizes and summarizes information vital to the user's role and the decisions that user makes.
Adding Headers and Footers
A header is text that appears at the top of every page, just below the top margin; a footer is text that appears at the bottom of every page, just above the bottom margin. To add a header or footer to a worksheet from Page Layout view: 1.Switch to Page Layout view by clicking the Page Layout button on the status bar. 2.The header area has three sections with the text Add header in the center section. If you do not see the Add header text, move the mouse pointer to the area just above row 1 to make the header area visible. Click the header section where you want to add information (left, center, or right). 3.The Header & Footer Tools Design tab appears. (cont'd.) 4.In the Header & Footer group, click the Header button and select one of the predefined headers, or click a button in the Header & Footer Elements group to add a specific header element such as the sheet name or the current date. 5.In the Navigation group, click the Go to Footer button to switch to the footer. Add footer elements the same way you add header elements. 6.When you are finished adding your header and footer elements, click anywhere in the worksheet and then switch back to Normal view to continue working.
Authentication
A method for confirming users' identities 1) something you have 2) something you know 3) something that is part of the user
Privilege Escalation
A network intrusion attack that takes advantage of programming errors or design flaws to grant the attacker elevated access to the network and its associated data and applications •Vertical privilege escalation Horizontal privilege escalation
Leads
A person or organization that we identify as a prospective customer. -We think they need our service or product.
Contact
A person who is associated with a lead, opportunity, or account.
Finding Errors Using Trace Precedents and Trace Dependents
A precedent is the cell containing the formula or value the selected cell refers to. A dependent is the cell containing a formula that references the value or formula in the selected cell. To trace precedents: 1.Select the cell containing the formula for which you want to trace precedents. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Trace Precedents button. 3.Tracer arrows appear pointing to the selected cell from precedent cells. (cont'd.) To trace dependents: 1.Select the cell containing the formula for which you want to trace dependents. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Trace Dependents button. 3.Tracer arrows appear pointing from the selected cell to dependent cells.
Intellectual property
A product of the intellect, such as an expressed idea or concept, that has commercial value. Intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form •Copyright •Trademark •Patents
Opportunity
A qualified lead who is interested in buying our product or services. They know they need our service or product.
Filtering Table Data with Slicers
A slicer is a visual representation of filtering options. To add a slicer: 1.Click anywhere in the table to activate the Table Tools Design tab. 2.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Insert Slicer button. 3.In the Insert Slicers dialog, click the check boxes for the column(s) you want in the slicers. 4.Click OK.
Prototype
A smaller-scale representation or working model of the users' requirements or a proposed design for an information system The prototype is an essential part of the analysis phase when using a RAD methodology
Digital rights management
A technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media to discourage, limit, or prevent illegal copying and distribution
Applying a Theme
A theme is a unified color and font scheme. Working with themes in Layout view allows you to see the effects of the new theme immediately. To apply a theme to a form or report in Layout view: 1.On the Form Layout Tools Design tab or the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Themes group, click the Themes button to expand the gallery. 2.Roll your mouse over each theme to preview the formatting changes. 3.Click one of the themes to apply it to the entire database at once. Hint: If you want to apply the new theme to the active database object only, right-click the theme and select Apply Theme to This Object Only.
Applying Themes
A theme is a unified color, font, and effects scheme. When you apply a theme to the workbook, you ensure that all visual elements work well together, giving the workbook a polished, professional look. When you create a new blank workbook in Excel 2016, the Office theme is applied by default.
Quick Analysis tool
A tool that displays in the lower right corner of a selected range with which you can analyze your data by using Excel tools such as charts, color-coding, and formulas. § Sum — calculates the total of the values in each row or column. § Average — calculates the average of the values in each row or column. § Count — counts the number of cells that contain values in each row or column. § % Total — calculates the percentage of the overall total for the total of each row or column: the sum of values in the row or column divided by the sum of the values in the entire selection. § Running Total — calculates a total for each row or column that includes the values in the row or column plus the values in all the previous rows or columns. Notice that the formula for the running total uses an absolute reference for the first cell in the range and a relative reference for the last cell in the range.
VMware
A vendor that supplies the most popular types of workstation and server virtualization software. Used casually, the term VMware may also refer to the virtualization software distributed by the company.
Accelerated
Accelerated depreciation assumes that the asset is worth more at the beginning of its lifespan and uses a higher rate of depreciation for early years in the depreciation schedule. In accounting, this is called sum-of-the-years' digits (SOYD) depreciation. Use the SYD function to calculate SOYD depreciation. =SYD(Cost,Salvage,Life,Per)=SYD(Cost,Salvage,Life,A5)
WHO MAKES THE IPHONE?
Accelerometer: Bosch in Germany. Invensensein the United States. Audio Chipsets and Codec: Cirrus Logic in the United States (outsourced for manufacturing). Baseband processor: Qualcomm in the United States (outsourced for manufacturing). Batteries: Samsung in South Korea. Huizhou DesayBattery in China. Cameras: Sony in Japan. OmniVisionin the United States produces the front-facing FaceTime camera chip but subcontracts TMSC (in Taiwan) for manufacturing. Chipsets and Processors: Samsung in South Korea and TSMC in Taiwan. Alongside their partner GlobalFoundriesin the United States. Controller Chips: PMC Sierra and Broadcom Corp in the United States (outsourced for manufacturing). Display: Japan Display and Sharp in Japan. LG Display in South Korea. DRAM: TSMC in Taiwan. SK Hynix in South Korea. eCompass: Alps Electric in Japan.
1842
Ada Lovelace envisions a programming language
Fair use doctrine
Allows a user to make a copy of all or part of a work within specific parameters of usage, even if permission has not been granted. In certain situations, it is legal to use copyrighted material
Different Forms of System Testing
Alpha testing, development testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing (UAT), and unit testing, Regression Testing, Beta Testing
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
An alternative way to calculate how far values in a population deviate from the average is to calculate the mean absolute deviation (MAD). The mean absolute deviation is the average of the absolute differences between each value and the overall mean. The absolute value of a number measures how far the number is from 0. The absolute value of a positive number is the same as the number. The absolute value of a negative number is the number without the negative sign. •The absolute value of 1 is 1. •The absolute value of -1 is 1. The function to calculate absolute value, ABS, takes a single argument Number. Number is a value or reference to a cell with a value for which you want to calculate the absolute value.
Outsourcing
An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house
PHISHING
An attack that sends an email or displays a Web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information go beyond emails now
SQL INJECTION
An attack that targets SQL servers by injecting commands to be manipulated by the database. insert language into the sequal do not happen as commonly now
Account
An existing business relationship. They have purchased our service or product.
Project manager
An individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget
Project management office (PMO)
An internal department that oversees all organizational projects
Difference between static and dynamic IP
Analogy: restaurant that you must wait to be seated - dynamic
Project deliverable
Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that is produced to complete a project or part of a project
COPYING FILES TO ONEDRIVE
Any new files you create and save to OneDrive will automatically be saved in the cloud. You can also move or copy existing files on your computer to OneDrive. Those files will then be automatically synched and stored in the cloud. To copy files to OneDrive using File Explorer: 1.Select the file you want to move. 2.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the Copy button. 3.Navigate to the folder under OneDrive where you want to copy the file to. 4.In the Clipboard group, click the Paste button.
1976
Apple Incorporated
Globalization.
As markets open worldwide, competition heats up. Companies may engage outsourcing service providers to deliver international services
Creating a Table in Design View and Setting the Primary Key
Before saving the table, you should set the primary key field. Because the data contained in the primary key field must be unique for each record, primary keys are often IDs—product IDs, employee IDs, or record IDs. •If your data does not already contain a field that is unique for each record, you can add a new field that uses the AutoNumber data type. Using an AutoNumber field ensures that each record has a unique numerical ID. •If your table contains a field that you know is unique for each record (such as a previously established product ID, employee ID, or part number), you can set this field as the primary key.
What we can store
Book: Typically 3 million characters Photo: Typically 5 million characters Song: Typically 30 million Movie: Typically 2 Billion
Moving and Arranging Controls
By default, all controls in a form or a report are included in the control layout. The control layout restricts movement of controls to the layout rows and columns ensuring that controls align with one another. To rearrange columns in a tabular layout: 1.Click anywhere in the column you want to move. 2.On the Report Layout Tools Arrange tab or the Form Layout Tools Arrange tab, in the Rows & Columns group, click the Select Column button. This ensures that you will move the label control along with the bound text box control. 3.Move the mouse pointer over the column. When the cursor changes to , click and drag the column to the new location. Access displays an I-bar shape to indicate where the controls will be placed. In a stacked layout, it is more common to move individual controls rather than an entire column. 1.Select the control or controls you want to move. To move both a bound control and its label control, select both controls by clicking one and pressing Ctrl as you click the other. 2.Move the mouse pointer over the selected controls. When the cursor changes to , click and drag to the new location. Access highlights the cell in the layout where the control will be placed. When you move multiple controls, Access maintains the relative layout of the controls.
COUNTIF
COUNTIF takes two arguments: •Range—the range of cells to count •Criteria—the conditions (the criteria) the cell must meet in order to be counted. The criteria can be a text string or numerical value or expression
What types of problems do your students believe they will encounter with social media in the workplace?
Calling in sick and then posting vacation photos Cyberstalking Wasting time at work on Facebook Threatening other employees on Facebook
Binary System
Can only understand 0 and 1 (circuit on or off) EX) 8 bit byte: 8 characters can store 256 different numbers
Checking Formulas for Errors
Cells that include potential errors are marked with a green triangle in the upper-left corner of the cell. When you click the cell, Excel displays a Smart Tag to help you resolve the error. To use Smart Tags to resolve errors in formulas: 1.When a Smart Tag appears, move your mouse over the icon to display a tool tip describing the possible error. 2.Click the Smart Tag to display the possible error resolutions. 3.If you want to keep the formula as it is, select Ignore Error. (cont'd.) 4.If you want to resolve the error, select one of the options: -The first option is usually a suggestion of how to resolve the error. Click it to accept Excel's suggestion. -Select Help on this error to open Microsoft Office Help. -Select Ignore Error to leave the cell unchanged. -Select Edit in Formula Bar to manually edit the formula. -Select Error Checking Options... to open the Options dialog and modify the way that Excel checks for errors. Once you have made a selection from the Smart Tag options, the Smart Tag is dismissed
Information privacy policy
Contains general principles regarding information privacy
Ethical computer use policy
Contains general principles to guide computer user behavior The ethical computer user policy ensures all users are informed of the rules and, by agreeing to use the system on that basis, consent to abide by the rules
Nearshore outsourcing
Contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country
ASCII
Converting numbers to characters Converting numbers to characters
ERP COMPONENTS
Core: Accounting and finance, production and materials management, Human Resources All core comes from databases Extended: Business intelligence, customer relationship, supply chain management, ebusiness
Machine-Generated Data
Created by a machine without human intervention. EX) car data about speed, milage, etc.
Adding Numeric and Date Criteria to a Query
Criteria are not limited to text fields. You can also add criteria to fields with Number, Currency, or Date/Time data types. To add numeric or date criteria to your query: 1.Open the query in Design view. 2.In the Criteria row, enter the value or the expression in the column for the appropriate field. For example, to find all appointments that are longer than 75 minutes, enter >𝟽𝟻 in the Criteria row for the Length field. (cont'd.) 3.Run the query to see the results.
Human- Generated Data
Data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate. EX) you entered data into computer
Unstructured Data
Data that is not stored in a logical, organized way. EX)word doc, image, video, audio file
Declining Balance (DB)
Declining balance depreciation takes into account the declining book value of the asset. Use the DB function to calculate declining balance depreciation. DB includes one optional argument—Month. This is used when the asset was in use for only part of the first accounting period. Its value is the number of months the asset was in service. When using this argument in a depreciation schedule, be careful to use it in the cell for period 1 only. Do not copy it to the remaining cells in the column. The formula for period 1 for an asset in use for 6 months in the first year looks like this: =DB(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period,[Month])=DB(Cost,Salvage,Life,A5,6) DB includes one optional argument—Month. This is used when the asset was in use for only part of the first accounting period. Its value is the number of months the asset was in service. When using this argument in a depreciation schedule, be careful to use it in the cell for period 1 only. Do not copy it to the remaining cells in the column. The formula for period 1 for an asset in use for 6 months in the first year looks like this: =DB(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period,[Month])=DB(Cost,Salvage,Life,A5,6)
few methods that an organization can follow to prevent spam include
Disguise email addresses posted in a public electronic place: instead of actually posting all of your employee emails on the corporate website, just post the name without the @xyz.com. That way spam collecting devices will not recognize the email addresses and will not be able to send email Opt-out of member directories that may place an email address online: choose not to participate in any activities that place email addresses online Use a filter: Use a spam filter to help prevent spam
Editing and Deleting Names with the Name Manager
Duplicate names can be confusing. A good practice is to rename duplicates to make them easier to identify and use. To change a name: 1.Open the Name Manager. 2.Click the name you want to modify, and then click the Edit... button. 3.The Edit Name dialog opens. 4.Type the new name in the Name box. 5.Click OK to save your changes. 6.Click the Close button to close the Name Manager. If your workbook includes names you no longer need, you should delete them. To delete a name: 1.On the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group, click the Name Manager button. 2.Click the name you want to delete, and then click the Delete button. 3.Excel displays a message asking if you are sure you want to delete the name. Click OK.
1945
ENIAC first real computer built out of radio tubes
Scaling Worksheets for Printing
Each worksheet in the workbook has its own scale settings. On the Page Layout tab, in the Scale to Fit group, select the option(s) you want. •Click the Width arrow and select the maximum number of pages you want the worksheet to print across. •Click the Height arrow and select the maximum number of pages you want the worksheet to print vertically. •Click the Scale box and enter a percentage to grow or shrink the worksheet when printed.
Onshore outsourcing
Engaging another company within the same country for services
Design phase
Establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation
Function Arguments dialog box
Every function can be entered using its Function Arguments dialog. This dialog is different for each function. There are two primary methods for opening the Function Arguments dialog. 1.Select the function from the Formulas tab, Function Library group. 2.Select the function from the Insert Function dialog. To use the Insert Function dialog: 1.Functions in the Insert Function dialog are organized in the same categories as the Function Library group. 2.Click a function in the Select a function box to see a brief description of what it does and the arguments it takes. 3.Click OK to open the Function Arguments dialog for the selected function.
numbers in a worksheet
Excel applies the General number format automatically.
Filtering Chart Data
Excel includes a feature that allows you to hide and show data in a chart without having to modify the chart data source. To filter chart data: 1.Select the chart. 2.Click the Chart Filters button that appears near the upper right corner of the chart. 3.Notice that when you hover the mouse pointer over the chart filter options, the live preview does not take into account the options that are checked or unchecked. The preview shows what the chart would look like if the highlighted option were the only one checked by dimming all the other series or categories. 4.Click the check boxes to add or remove data series or categories from the chart. 5.Click the Apply button to apply the changes.
Changing the Worksheet View
Excel offers three ways to view a worksheet. 1.Normal view is the typical working view. In Normal view, Excel shows the aspects of the worksheet that are visible only on-screen. 2.Page Layout view shows all the worksheet elements as they will print, including page margins and headers and footers 3.Page Break Preview view allows you to manipulate where page breaks occur when the worksheet is printed.
Hacker
Experts in technology who use their knowledge to break into computers and computer networks, either for profit or just motivated by the challenge
Hacker
Experts in technology who use their knowledge to break into computers and computer networks, either for profit or just motivated by the challenge •Black-hat hacker •Cyberterrorist •Hactivist White-hat hacker
Employee monitoring policy
Explicitly state how, when, and where the company monitors its employees
NAVIGATING FOLDERS USING FILE EXPLORER
Files on your computer are organized into folders. The Navigation pane in File Explorer displays the drives and folders on your computer in a hierarchical view called a tree.
Formatting Fields
From Datasheet view, you can quickly apply the Currency, Percent, or Comma number formats by clicking the appropriate button in the Formatting group. These formats can be used with AutoNumber, Number, and Currency data types. •The Currency format displays a $ symbol before the number and two digits to the right of the decimal place. The Currency format is applied automatically when the field uses the Currency data type, although you can apply the Currency format without using the Currency data type. •The Percent format displays the number as a percentage, so .05 displays as 5, and 5 displays as 500. •The Comma Style format displays the , symbol within the number and two digits to the right of the decimal. This is the same as selecting Standard from the Format list.
Repair or damage to brand reputation
H&R Block customers were furious when the company accidentally posted passwords and social security numbers to its Web site
Industry changes.
High levels of reorganization across industries have increased demand for outsourcing to better focus on core competencies. The significant increase in merger and acquisition activity created a sudden need to integrate multiple core and noncore business functions into one business, while the deregulation of the utilities and telecom industries created a need to ensure compliance with government rules and regulations. Companies in either situation turned to outsourcing so they could better focus on industry changes at hand.
Bits and bytes
How computers talk and process info -ONLY can understand 0 and 1 •Binary System •Base 2 vs Base 10 Number System •Bit: 0 or 1, On or Off •Byte: A series of bits to form something •Number, Letter, Image, Sound, Video
Email is Stored on Multiple Computers
How many places is one email stored each time it is sent?
Desktops and laptops
How we commonly access the internet for work Multiple monitors allow you to view multiple things at once Depends on your workflow
1980
IBM PC home computer bandwagon Had microsoft write software DOSC (Made Microsoft a large company) IBM failed to realize the importance of software and thought the hardware was where the money was (they were wrong)
Filtering Data Using Filter by Selection
If a record that contains the data for which you want to filter is visible, you can click the field and use the Filter by Selection feature. To filter by selection: 1.Select the data you want to use as the filter criteria. 2.On the Home tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click the Selection button and select a filtering option. -The first option is to filter for only records that match the selected field value exactly. -The second option is to filter for all records that do not match the selected field value. (cont'd.)
DATA: PREVENTION AND RESISTANCE
If there is an information security breach and the information was encrypted, the person stealing the information would be unable to read it •Encryption Public key encryption (PKE)
Hiding and Showing Fields in a Query
If you want to include a field in your query but do not want that field to show in Datasheet view, click the Show box to remove the checkmark. By hiding the field, you can use it to define criteria for the query without making the field visible in the final query results.
SELECTING MULTIPLE FILES
If you want to move multiple files to the same location, then you should select all the files you want to move and move them with one command. To select multiple files that appear in consecutive order in the file list: 1.Click the first file you want to select. 2.Press and hold the <<Shift>>key on the keyboard and then click the last file in the list. 3.The first file you clicked, the last file you clicked, and all the files in between are now selected.
Filtering Data
If your worksheet has many rows of data, you may want to filter the data to show only rows that meet criteria you specify. 1.On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click the Sort & Filter button. 2.Click the Filter button to enable filtering. An arrow will appear in each cell of the heading row just as if the data were formatted as a table. You can filter for an entire grouping such as a year or month or for a specific date. Use the + and - buttons in front of each date grouping to expand or collapse the group.
Rounddown
Ignores the rules of rounding and automatically rounds down, regardless of the value to the right of the rounding point. A formula using the ROUNDDOWN function looks like this: =ROUNDDOWN(Number,Num_digits) =ROUNDDOWN(B1/B2,2)
Roundup
Ignores the rules of rounding and automatically rounds up to the next number, regardless of the value to the right of the rounding point. A formula using the ROUNDUP function looks like this: =ROUNDUP(Number,Num_digits) =ROUNDUP(B1/B2,2)
Converting Data into Tables
In Excel, you can define a series of adjacent cells as a table. When you define data as a table, Excel provides a robust tool set for formatting and analyzing the data. To define data as a table: 1.Click any cell in the data range. You do not need to select the entire range. 2.On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click the Format as Table button to display the Table Styles gallery. 3.Click the style you want to use for your table. 4.Excel will automatically populate the Format As Table dialog with the entire data range. If the data range is not correct, you can manually enter the cell range in the dialog. 5.Be sure to check the My table has headers check box if appropriate. 6.Click OK to create the table.
Information Ethics
Individuals, not technology, form the only ethical component of MIS •Individuals copy, use , and distribute software •Search organizational databases for sensitive and personal information •Individuals create and spread viruses •Individuals hack into computer systems to steal information Employees destroy and steal information
electrical Wiring (cap5 copper cable)
Inexpensive Signal Loss ( not long distance)
Business Intelligence
Information collected from multiple sources (suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries) that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships. Example: Prediction for the hottest summer on record. Increase planned production of swimwear.
Business Intelligence
Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making 3 types of business analytics: Descriptive Analytics Predictive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics
Comma Style format
Inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point and causes numbers to be displayed to the nearest hundredths
1971
Intel 4004 Microprocessor first mass producer
1969
Internet First nodes on Arpanet Introduced (Birth of Internet)
Analysis phase
Involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system
Testing phase
Involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs, and verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase
Maintenance phase
Involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet its business goals
Implementation phase
Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it
IS HACKING A BAD THING?
It depends upon how it is being used
Why is the critical path important?
It informs a project manager of the shortest timeframe the project could possibly be completed in the project
Financial savings.
It is typically cheaper to hire workers in China and India than similar workers in the United States. Technology is advancing at such an accelerated rate that companies often lack the resources, workforce, or expertise to keep up. It is close to impossible for an IT department to maintain a "best-of breed" status, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises where cost is a critical factor.
The digital transformation
Key Breakthroughs: -Initial Evolution of Modern Computers 1960s-1970s -Personal Computers -1980s -Internet -1990s -Mobile Computing -2000s
CRM COMPONENTS
Leads, Contact, Opportunity, Account
Finding the Middle Value with MEDIAN
MEDIAN is a simple function to use. Most of the time you may find it easiest to type the formula directly in the cell or the formula bar. •Type =MEDIAN (and then enter the cell range or named range for the Number1 argument. Type ) and press [Enter]. •If you prefer using the Function Arguments dialog, on the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and then click MEDIAN to open the Function Arguments dialog. •MEDIAN takes up to 255 Number arguments.
MODE.SNGL
MODE.SNGL is a simple function to use. Most of the time you may find it easiest to type the formula directly in the cell or the formula bar. •If you prefer using the Function Arguments dialog, on the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the More Functions button, point to Statistical, and then click MODE.SNGL to open the Function Arguments dialog. You may enter up to 255 cell ranges or range names as arguments. If your dataset includes more than one mode, you can use the MODE.MULT function in an array formula to return multiple values. An array formula is capable of conducting multiple calculations, in this case, producing multiple results.
Core competencies.
Many companies have recently begun to consider outsourcing as a means to fuel revenue growth rather than just a cost-cutting measure. Outsourcing enables an organization to maintain an up-to-date technology infrastructure while freeing it to focus on revenue growth goals by reinvesting cash and human capital in areas offering the greatest return on investment.
DEPARTMENTS SUPPORTED BY CRM
Marketing: lists, campaigns Sales: Leads, quotes, contracts
Memory and Storage difference
Memory is storage ST Storage is LT a computer can function without storage, but NEEDS memory to process information
1975
Microsoft Incorporated created the basic programming language for computers Bill gates wrote first version of Alter software at Harvard in 1974
types of technologies they use to manage projects
Microsoft Project Primavera Excel
1990 AD
Mobile Technology
layers of protocal
Multiple layers of protocals: 1)link : Network adapter (ethernet, DSL, WIFI) 2)Internet: IP layer (address) 3)Transport: communication between devices (TCP) 4)Application: browser Ihttp, email, file transfers, gaming)
Excel basic segments
Name Box, Formula Bar, Rows, Collums, Cells, Status Bar
The INDEX function in this example has three required arguments:
Now that you have identified the row position, you can use INDEX to find the value at the intersection of the row and column. The INDEX function in this example has three required arguments: •Array—the range of cells containing the entire data array. If your data include a header row, do not include it in the cell range or named range used for the Array argument. •Row_num—the row position in the array for the value you want to look up. •Column_num—the column position in the array for the value you want to look up. =INDEX(Array, Row_num,Column_num)=INDEX(Inventory,B2,3)
Formatting Controls
Once you have created your form or report, it is easy to change formatting in Layout view. Click the control you want to change, and then make your formatting selections from the Ribbon. The formatting options discussed in this skill are available for both forms and reports. •For forms, these commands are found on the Form Layout Tools Format tab. •For reports, these commands are found on the Report Layout Tools Format tab. •To apply the same formatting to multiple controls at the same time, press Ctrl as you click each control. •From the Font group, click the buttons to apply standard text formatting such as bold, italic, and underline, change the font, font size, or font color, and align text to the left, center, or right side of the control box. For bound text box controls with the Date/Time data type, you can apply a specific date/time format from the Number Format list in the Number group. For bound text box controls with the Number or Currency data type, you can apply specific number formatting from the Number group by clicking the Apply Currency Format , Apply Percent Format , or Apply Comma Number Format button. More number formats are available from the Number Format list.
DOWNLOADING FILES FROM ONEDRIVE
Once you have files stored on your OneDrive, files are automatically downloaded to any device where you have OneDrive connected to your account. To download a file using OneDrive: 1.Log in to your OneDrive account on https://onedrive.live.com. 2.Navigate to the location where the file you want to download resides. 3.Roll the mouse over the file you want to download. You will see a white circle with a checkmark in the upper right corner of the tile. Click the circle to select the file for download. 4.Repeat step 3 for all the files you want to download. 5.At the top of the window, click the Downloadbutton. 6.Click the Open button on the message bar at the bottom of the window to open the file.
How the Internet Works
One generation ago, most people did not have, nor know why they would need, access to the Internet.
SHARING FILES ON ONEDRIVE
One of the biggest advantages to using OneDrive is the ability to easily share files with others and have multiple people working on the same file at the same time. To share a file from the OneDrive Web site: 1.Log in to your OneDrive account on https://onedrive.live.com. 2.Navigate to the location where the file you want to share resides. 3.Roll the mouse over the file you want to share. You will see a white circle with a checkmark in the upper right corner of the tile. Click the check box to select it. 4.Click the Share button at the top of the window. 5.The Share dialog opens. 6.Click Get a linkto create a URL that you can then copy and paste into a message to send to the person (or persons) you want to share the file with. 7.Click Emailto send an email message that includes a link to the shared file: a)Type the email addresses of the people you want to share with in the box next to the Can editbutton. b)Type a message in the large text box. Click theSharebutton.
Firewall
One of the most common defenses for preventing a security breach is a firewall Hardware and/or software that guards a private network by analyzing the information leaving and entering the network examines each message that wants entrance to the network, and unless the message has the correct marking, the firewall prevents it from entering the network
Intellectual Assets
Organizational information is intellectual capital - it must be protected
Email Privacy Policy
Organizations can mitigate the risks of email and instant messaging communication tools by implementing and adhering to an email privacy policy Details the extent to which email messages may be read by others
THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE - PEOPLE
Organizations must enable employees, customers, and partners to access information electronically The biggest issue surrounding information security is not a technical issue, but a people issue
Epolicies
Organizations strive to build a corporate culture based on ethical principles that employees can understand and implement Organizations should develop written policies establishing employee guidelines, personnel procedures, and organizational rules These policies set employee expectations about the organization's practices and standards and protect the organization from misuse of computer systems and IT resources
Social media policy
Outlines the corporate guidelines or principles governing employee online communications Organizations must protect their online reputations and continuously monitor blogs, message boards, social networking sites, and media sharing sites
Keep Source Formatting Paste
Pastes the content, including formulas, and all formatting from the source.
Formulas & Number Formatting Paste
Pastes the formulas and number formatting but none of the cell formatting such as font size, borders, and shading.
Formulas Paste
Pastes the formulas but none of the formatting. The pasted content will use the cell and number formatting of the cell into which it was pasted.
Transpose Paste
Pastes the rows from the source into columns, and the columns from the source into rows
Protecting Data
Prevention and resistance technologies stop intruders from accessing and reading data
1045 AD
Printing Press
ENCRYPTION
Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.
THE KEY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Process- Plan: Plan all the logistics of how products or services will be delivered Source: Set up logistics for how raw materials and labor will be sourced Produce: Detailed logistics for the actual production of the goods or service Deliver: How the product or service will be delivered to the customer Support: How the product or service will be supported.
THE THREE BUSINESS AREAS OF SUPPLY CHAINS
Procurement: The sourcing of materials, human capital, and other resources to meet the needs of the supply chain. Logistics: Processes that control the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materials, and personnel to supply chain. Materials Management: Activities that govern the flow of tangible, physical materials through the supply chain such as shipping, transport, distribution and warehousing.
What is the relationship between project deliverables, project milestones, and project managers?
Project deliverables are usually project milestones Project milestones and project deliverables defined and monitored by the project manager
Specifying the Sort Order in a Query
Query results may display records in an unexpected order. If you want to control how records are displayed, set the sort order as part of the query design. The sort order will be applied every time the query is run. To add a sort order to a query: 1.Open the query in Design view. 2.Click in the Sort row for the field you want to sort. Click the arrow to expand the sort options list and select Ascending or Descending. Run the query.
Applying Quick Styles and Colors to Charts
Quick Styles apply combinations of fonts, line styles, fills, and shape effects. To change the chart style: 1.Select the chart. 2.On the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Chart Styles group, click the style you want to use, or click the More button to see all of the Quick Styles available. 3.To change the color scheme, on the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Chart Styles group, click the Change Colors button and select the color scheme you want.
Downtime
Refers to a period of time when a system is unavailable
Project milestone
Represents key dates when a certain group of activities must be performed
Structured and Human Generated
Retail Point of Sale Data Sales Data
Column Widths and Row Heights
Rows in Excel are automatically sized to fit the font size. However, if you change the font size or apply a new theme, you may need to modify row heights. Use the same techniques you use for resizing columns:
Anti-spam policy
Simply states that email users will not send unsolicited emails (or spam)
Knowledge
Skills, experience, intelligence coupled with information and business intelligence. Example: Last time we saw this trend we over-produced and ended up with excess inventory.
Communication software and collaboration
Software that enables computers to interact with each other over a phone line or other network.
The Systems Development Life Cycle
Software that is built correctly can transform as the organization and its business transforms Software that effectively meets employee needs will help an organization become more productive and enhance decision making Software that does not meet employee needs may have a damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail Organizations must learn how to build and implement disruptive technologies, such as software for wireless devices, to remain competitive Software that is built correctly can support agile organizations and can transform as the organization and its business transforms Software that effectively meets employee needs will help an organization become more productive and enhance decision making Software that does not meet employee needs may have a damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail.
Firmware
Software that is embedded in your hardware in some type of non-volatile memory Example: BIOS
Counterfeit software
Software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE
Software, hardware, network
Calculating the Standard Deviation
Standard deviation measures how far values in a dataset (or "population") are spread out from the mean (average). Excel offers two functions to calculate standard deviation. •STDEV.S calculates standard deviation for a set of values based on a sample from the population •STDEV.P calculates standard deviation using the entire set of values as the argument. In the figure below, the calculation in cell H4 uses the STDEV.S function while the calculation in cell H5 uses the STDEV.P function. When calculating standard deviation, be sure to select the correct function for your dataset.
Digital Privacy Task Force
Tasked with creating legislation around information privacy: •Individuals •Education •Business •Law Enforcement
Prescriptive Analytics
Techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take Uses predictive and prescriptive is used to decide what we are going to do or "conclusions" most complex type Example: Airline using past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing strategy across all flights allowing the company to maximize revenue.
Predictive Analytics
Techniques that extract information from data and use it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns Example: Using past sales data to predict future sales data, budget
Project
Temporary activities undertaken to create a unique product or service
Formatting Text Using Functions
Text functions are useful for ensuring that text data have a consistent appearance. In functions, text is referred to as a string or text string. Commonly used text functions are: •PROPER—Converts the text string to proper case (the first letter in each word is capitalized). •UPPER—Converts the text string to all uppercase letters. •LOWER—Converts the text string to all lowercase letters.
Calculating Averages
The AVERAGE statistical function is used to calculate the average value of a group of values. Average is calculated by adding the values, and then dividing the sum by the number of values. A formula using the AVERAGE function looks like this: =AVERAGE(B12:D12) The result of this formula is the sum of the values in cells B12:D12 divided by the number of values in that cell range.
Using the Logical Function IF
The IF logical function returns one value if a condition is true and another value if the condition is false. The IF function can return a numerical value or display a text string.
Using the IFS Function
The IFS function allows you to evaluate multiple logical tests in a single function. In the figure at right, the IFS function used in cell H2 has three logical tests. •If the first logical test is true, the cell will display Order Closed. If not, then the second logical test will be evaluated. •If true, then the cell will display Order Short. If not, then the third logical test will be evaluated. •If true, the cell will display Invoice Due. =IFS(F2=TRUE,"Order Closed",D2<C2,"Order Short",E2="no","Invoice Due")
USING THE QUICK ACCESSLIST
The Quick accesslistdisplays commonly opened folders for quick, one-click access to files on your computer. To pin a folder to the Quick access list: 1.Select the folder you want to pin (either in the Quick access list or in the file list). 2.On the Hometab, in the Clipboard group, click the Pin to Quick accessbutton. 3.To unpin a folder, right-click the folder and select Unpin from Quick access.
Creating a Report Using the Report Wizard
The Report Wizard walks you step by step through the process of creating a report.
Finding Data Using the VLOOKUP Function
The VLOOKUP function finds a value or cell reference in a cell range and returns another value from the same row. To use the VLOOKUP function: 1.Select the cell where you want to enter the formula. 2.On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Lookup & Reference button. 3.Select VLOOKUP from the list to open the Function Arguments dialog. Enter the Lookup_valueargument. Enter the cell reference for which you want to find a corresponding value. 5.Enter the Table_array argument. Enter the range of cells (or the range name) that contains the lookup data. 6.Enter the Col_index_num argument. This argument is the position of the column in the Table_array from which the function should return a matching value. 7.(optional) Enter the Range_lookup argument. Type 𝙵𝙰𝙻𝚂𝙴 if you want to find only an exact match for the value entered in the Lookup_value box. Click OK.
Project management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements management offers a strategic framework for coordinating the numerous activities associated with organizational projects
Creating Formulas Using Counting Functions
The counting functions are useful when you need to know how many numbers or items are in a list or how many rows are missing data for a particular column. COUNT—Counts the number of cells that contain numbers within a specified range of cells. COUNTA—Counts the number of cells that are not blank within a specified range of cells. Use COUNTA if your cell range includes text data or a mix of text and numbers.
Paste
The default paste command that pastes all of the source content and formatting.
Creating a Single Record Form Based on a Table or Query
The easiest form to create is a simple Single Record form. A Single Record form displays one record at a time. To create a Single Record form based on a table or query: 1.In the Navigation Pane, select the table or query record source for your form. 2.On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the Form button. 3.When you save the form, notice that the default name in the Form Name box is the same as the name of the table or query on which the form is based. Type a new name if you want to use something else. . Creating a Query in Design View: 5.Add fields to the query using one of these methods: -Double-click the field name in the table box. -Click the field name and drag it to the design grid. -Click in an empty cell in the Field row of the design grid, expand the list of available fields by clicking the arrow, and click the field name you want. -To rearrange the order of fields in the query, move the mouse pointer to the top of the field column in the grid. When the mouse pointer changes to the down arrow shape, click to select the entire column, and then click and drag the column to the new position in the grid. -To remove a field from the query grid, move the mouse pointer to the top of the field column in the grid. When the mouse pointer changes to the down arrow shape, click to select the entire column, and then press Delete.
CHANGING DOCUMENT PROPERTIES
The file propertiesof a file include information such as the file location, the size of the file, when it was created, and when it was last modified. To change the document properties for a file: 1.Click the file to select it. 2.On the Hometab, in the Opengroup, click the Propertiesbutton. 3.In the dialog, modify the document properties and click OK.
Adding Design Elements to Form and Report Headers
The form header or report header is the section directly above the detail section where the data are displayed. Access allows you to add three common design elements to the header quickly and easily: a logo or other small image, a title, and the current date and/or time. To add a logo or other small image to the header: 1.On the Form Layout Tools Design tab or the Report Layout Tools Design tab, in the Header/Footer group, click the Logo button. 2.In the Insert Picture dialog, browse to find the image you want to use as the logo, select the file, and then click the Open button. 3.The image is added to the upper left corner of the header.
The Cost of Fixing Errors
The later in the SDLC an error is found the more expensive it is to fix! An error found during the analysis and design phase is relatively inexpensive to fix All that is typically required is a change to a Word document However, exactly the same error found during the testing or implementation phase is going to cost the organization an enormous amount to fix because it has to change the actual system
Copyright
The legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, video game, and some types of proprietary documents
Exploring More Logical Functions: AND and OR
The logical functions designed specifically to return a TRUE or FALSE response are the AND and OR functions. There are multiple correct approaches to asking questions about your data. How you pose the question determines which function you should use to answer it—AND or OR? •If you are looking for a true value to multiple conditions, use AND. •If you are looking for a true value to any one of multiple conditions, use OR. The logical function AND returns TRUE if all the arguments are true, and FALSE if at least one of the arguments is false.
Internet backbone
The main pathway of high-speed communications lines over which all Internet traffic flows. "highway of internet"
Descriptive analytics
The most basic form of data analytics Describes something that happened in the past Examples) Investment Portfolio Performance Profit and Loss Statement Race Results Student Grades Your Access Databases Assignment
Percent Style
The number format for percentages that adds the % symbol after the number and no decimal places.
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance 1) Planning 2) Analysis 3) Design 4) Development 5) Testing 6) Implementation 7) Maintenance
The Internet.
The pervasive nature of the Internet as an effective sales channel has allowed clients to become more comfortable with outsourcing. Barriers to entry, such as lack of capital, are dramatically reduced in the world of ebusiness due to the Internet. New competitors enter the market daily.
Authorization
The process of giving someone permission to do or have something
Information security
The protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization
Privacy
The right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent a major ethical issue Without privacy, there will not be any trust
Finding the Most Common Value(s) with MODE.SNGL and MODE.MULT
The statistical mode is the value that appears most often in a group of values. In figure at right, two values appear six times in the cell range C2:C22: 22 and 25. The MODE.SNGL function returns a single mode value (the first mode value it finds). If there are no duplicate values, MODE.SNGL will return the error #N/A. =MODE.SNGL(Number1,[Number2]...)=MODE.SNGL(C2:C22)
Pirated software
The unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software
WORKING WITH ZIPPED FILES
The zipfeature in Windows allows you to combine and compress multiple files into a single zipped folder. To zip a folder or files: 1.Select the folder or files you want to zip. 2.Click the Sharetab. 3.In the Sendgroup, click the Zipbutton. To access the files in a zipped folder, simply double-click the zipped folder.
Spyware
This type of malicious software, spies on you, tracks your internet activities. It helps the hacker in gathering information about the victim's system, without the consent of the victim. This spyware's presence is typically hidden from the host and it is very difficult to detect. Some spyware like keyloggers may be installed intentionally in an organization to monitor activities of employees. bad because we don not know we have it
Two types of companies
Those who have been hacked and... ..those who don't yet know they have been hacked
Adding Total Rows to Tables
To add a Total row to a table: 1.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Table Style Options group, click the Total Row check box. 2.In the Total row at the bottom of the table, click the cell where you want to add the calculation. 3.Click the arrow, and select a function. Excel inserts the formula for you.
Using CONCAT to Combine Text
To concatenate means to link items together. You can use the CONCAT function to combine the text values of cells or cell ranges. The formula looks like this: =CONCAT(B2," ", C2) The argument in the middle (" ") places a one-space text string between the values of cells B2 and C2.
Converting Tables to Ranges
To convert a table to a normal range: 1.On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Tools group, click the Convert to Range button. 2.Excel displays a message box asking if you want to convert the table to a normal range. Click Yes When you convert from a table to a normal range, Excel removes any filtering that may have been applied. Any table formatting such as banding and the Total row are still applied to the range.
COUNTIFS
To count data that meet multiple criteria, use COUNTIFS. COUNTIFS takes arguments for up to 127 pairs of criteria ranges and criteria. The result of COUNTIFS is the average of all the cells that meet all criteria. COUNTIFS takes two required arguments and multiple optional arguments: •Criteria_range1—the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the first criteria •Criteria1—the first criteria •Criteria_range2—(optional) the range of cells containing the values to be evaluated against the second criteria •Criteria2—(optional) the second criteria (continuing up to Criteria_range127 and Criteria127)
Printing Selections, Worksheets, and Workbooks
To print only part of a worksheet or the entire workbook at once. 1.Click the File tab to open Backstage view. 2.Click Print. 3.In the Settings section, the first button displays which part of the workbook will print. By default, Print Active Sheets is selected. To change the print selection, click the button, and then click one of the other options: -Print Entire Workbook—Prints all the sheets in the workbook. -Print Selection—Prints only the selected cells in the active worksheet, overriding any print area definitions in the active worksheet. -Print Selected Table—Prints the table only (available only if the current selection is within a defined table). 4.If you want to ignore the defined print area, click Ignore Print Area at the bottom of the list. Click the Print button to print. Click OK.
Naming Worksheets
To rename a worksheet: 1.Double-click the sheet tab or right-click the worksheet tab and select Rename. 2.Excel highlights the sheet name, allowing you to replace it as you type. 3.Type the new sheet name, and press Enter .
Creating Formulas Referencing Data from Other Worksheets
To specify a cell location in another worksheet, begin the reference with the name of the worksheet followed by an exclamation point ! and then the cell reference. To include a reference to a cell from another sheet in your workbook: 1.Click the cell where you want the formula. 2.Type: = spreadsheet 3.Navigate to the cell you want to reference by clicking the sheet tab and then clicking the cell. Notice Excel adds the worksheet name to the cell reference for you. Press Enter to complete the formula.
Information technology monitoring
Tracks people's activities by such measures as number of keystrokes, error rate, and number of transactions processed
Spam
Unsolicited email
MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION
Use of several authentication techniques together, such as passwords and security tokens. safest way to protect
Using "OR" in a Query
Use or in your criteria construction to make a query broader by expanding the query results to records that meet any one of multiple criteria. To find records that meet any of the conditions, enter the criteria on separate rows in the query grid: 1.Enter the first criterion in the Criteria row. 2.Enter the second criterion in the or row (the row immediately below the Criteria row). To find all appointments for customers with the last name Swanson or Clauson, enter 𝚂𝚠𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚘𝚗 in the Criteria row for the LastName field, and then enter 𝙲𝚕𝚊𝚞𝚜𝚘𝚗 in the or row for the LastName field as shown in the figures at right. Criteria do not need to be in the same field. When using an or construction with multiple fields, make sure that each criterion is on its own row. The query shown in the figure at right will return records where the value of the LastName field is Swanson or the value of the Location field is Salon.
Domain Name Server -DNS
Used to translate from an IP alias to an IP address 1) type into pc address 2) asks DNS server if they know location 3) may need to ask various DNS 4) gives you IP and connects
In-sourcing (in-house-development)
Uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems has been instrumental in creating a viable supply of IT professionals and in fact in creating a better quality workforce combining both technical and business skills
Offshore outsourcing
Using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems
"Inventors of internet
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn created transmission control program
Virus
Virus is a specific type of malware by itself. It is a contagious piece of code that infects the other software on the host system and spreads itself once it is run. It is mostly known to spread when software is shared between computers. This acts more like a parasite.
Creating Relationships
When a lookup field in one table references values in a field in another table, Access will automatically create a one-to-many relationship between the tables for you. In other cases, you may need to manually create a relationship between two tables. Enforcing referential integrity ensures that related database records remain accurate. If a relationship has Enforce Referential Integrity checked, then the tables will conform to the following rules: •You cannot add a record to the secondary table without an associated record in the primary table. •You cannot make changes to the primary table that would cause records in the secondary table to become unmatched. •You cannot delete records from the primary table if there are related records in the secondary table.
Finding the Middle Value with MEDIAN
When analyzing a list of values, calculating the statistical average may not always provide the information you need. The statistical median is the middle value of a set of values. If you were to sort the list of values from highest to lowest, you would find the value that is right in the middle. The formula in the following figure uses MEDIAN to find the middle value for the range C2:C22. =MEDIAN(Number1,[Number2]...)=MEDIAN(C2:C22)
Resizing Controls
When designing forms and reports, you should ensure that the controls are sized to fit the data properly. You can change the width and height of controls as necessary. To change the width of a control in Layout view, move the cursor to the right or left edge of the control, and when the mouse pointer changes to the double-arrow, click and drag to make the control wider or narrower. Use the same technique to make rows taller or shorter.
Inserting Worksheets
When you create a new workbook, it contains a single worksheet named Sheet1. If you need more than one worksheet, you can add more. •To add a new worksheet to the right of the active worksheet, click the New sheet button to the right of the last worksheet tab. •To add a worksheet to the left of the active worksheet, on the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Insert button arrow, and select Insert Sheet.
Hiding and Unhiding Rows and Columns
When you hide a row or column, the data still remain in your workbook, but they are no longer displayed on-screen and are not part of the printed workbook. To hide a row or column: 1.Select any cell in the row or column you want to hide. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Format button. 3.Point to Hide & Unhide, and click Hide Rows or Hide Columns. To unhide a row or column: 1.Select the rows or columns on either side of the row or column you want to unhide. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Format button. 3.Point to Hide & Unhide, and click Unhide Rows or Unhide Columns.
SAVING FILES TO ONEDRIVE
When you save a file to the OneDrive location, it is automatically uploaded to your OneDrive account and can be accessed via the OneDrive Web site. To save a file to the OneDrive location: 1.With the file you want to save open, complete the steps to save the file in a new location. 2.In the Save Asdialog, navigate to the OneDrive location. If necessary, open a folder under OneDrive to save the file in that folder. 3.If necessary, type a new name for the file in the File namebox and click the Save button. •
Cloud
When you save files to OneDrive, they are stored in the cloud, but a version of each file is also stored on your computer's hard drive. You can access these files from File Explorer or through a browser. Accessing files from File Explorer: 1.Click the File Explorer button on the taskbar. It is the button that looks like a file folder. 2.In the Navigation pane, click OneDrive. 3.Double-click a folder to open it.
Chart Sheet
When you use the Move Chart dialog to move a chart to its own sheet, Excel creates a special type of worksheet called a chart sheet. The chart sheet does not include the columns, rows, and cells you are used to seeing in Excel; it contains only the chart object.
HOSTING CONSIDERATIONS
Where server sits •Local: Servers are physically located in your business •Hosted: Servers are hosted in a data center •Cloud: Servers are "in the cloud" (possible to run completely business on cloud) •Hybrid: A combination of all of the above
Naming Ranges of Cells
You can assign names to cells or ranges of cells to give your cell references names that are more user-friendly. These names (also called range names or named ranges) act as a list of shortcuts to the cell locations. Put in name boxin the upper left menu. To create a named range: 1.Select the cell or range of cells to which you want to assign a name. 2.Type the name in the Name box to the left of the formula bar. 3.Press Enter to apply the name to the cell(s).
Combining "AND" and "OR" in a Query
You can combine the and and or query constructions to create a very precise query. 1.Enter the first set of criteria in the Criteria row. 2.Enter the second set of criteria in the or row (the row immediately below the Criteria row). The query results will include records that meet all the criteria in the Criteria row or all the criteria in the or row.
Moving and Copying Worksheets
You can move worksheets around in a workbook, rearranging them into the most logical order. To move a worksheet within a workbook: 1.Click the worksheet tab and hold down the mouse button. 2.Notice that the mouse pointer changes to the shape. 3.Drag the mouse cursor to the position where you want to move the sheet, and release the mouse button. Excel places a small black triangle to let you know where the sheet will be placed.
OPENING FILES FROM FILE EXPLORER
You can open a file directly from the File Explorer window. To open files from File Explorer: 1.Click the file to select it. 2.On the Hometab, in the Opengroup, click the Openbutton. 3.You can also select a file and click the Openbutton arrow and select the program you want to use to open the file.
To manually insert a new page break:
You may want to control where page breaks happen so your worksheet prints in a more logical order. 1.From Normal view or Page Break Preview view, begin by selecting the cell below and to the right of where you want the new page break. 2.On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click the Breaks button. 3.Click Insert Page Break. 4.A new page break is inserted to the left of the selected column or above the selected row.
Workplace monitoring
a concern for many employees Organizations can be held financially responsible for their employees' actions The dilemma surrounding employee monitoring in the workplace is that an organization is placing itself at risk if it fails to monitor its employees, however, some people feel that monitoring employees is unethical It is difficult to determine when employee monitoring crosses the ethical lines
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
a connection-oriented protocol, which means a connection is established and maintained until the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. It determines how to break application data into packets that networks can deliver, sends packets to and accepts packets from the network layer, manages flow control and -- because it is meant to provide error-free data transmission -- handles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets as well as acknowledgement of all packets that arrive.
Cell range
a contiguous group of cells.
Critical path
a path from the start to the finish that passes through all the tasks that are critical to completing the project in the shortest amount of time
Internet protocols
a set of rules which govern the way in which data is transmitted between computers on a network.
regression analysis
a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome variable') and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', or 'features'). Ex) •Kitsap County Juvenile Justice Project
Gantt chart
a simple bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar is one of the most common tools used by project managers MS Project offers many additional tracking components such as Actual Start date, Budget, and Percent Complete the three interdependent project management tasks? Resources Timeframe Scope, tasks
Often, you will think to add IFERROR only after you notice that the initial formula results in errors. In these cases, it is easier to edit the formula directly in the formula bar or the cell
adding IFERROR and the Value_if_error argument without going through the Function Arguments dialog. 1.Click in the formula bar or double-click the cell to enter Edit mode. 2.Move the cursor to the beginning of the formula after the = and type: IFERROR( 3.The existing formula is the Value argument. Move the cursor to the end of the formula, type a comma, and then type the text string, value, or formula to use as the Value_if_error argument. If the Value_if_error argument is a text string, remember to enclose it in quotation marks. 4.Type the closing parenthesis )and press [Enter].
Adware
also known as advertising-supported software. It is software which renders advertisements for the purpose of generating revenue for its author. The advertisements are published on the screen presented to the user at the time of installation. Adware is programmed to examine which Internet sites, the user visits frequently and to present and feature related advertisements. Not all adware has malicious intent, but it becomes a problem anyway because it harms computer performance and can be annoying.
Ransomware
an advanced type of malware that restricts access to the computer system until the user pays a fee. Your screen might show a pop-up warning that your have been locked out of your computer and that you can access only after paying the cybercriminal. The cybercriminal demands a ransom to be paid in order for the restriction to be removed. The infamous Cryptolockeris one type of ransomware. common in government
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (CRM)
an approach to manage a company's interaction with current and potential customers. It uses data analysis about customers' history with a company to improve business relationships with customers, specifically focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth. can be expensive, but can gain new customers
APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (API)
an interface or communication protocol between a client and a server intended to simplify the building of client-side software. It has been described as a "contract" between the client and the server, such that if the client makes a request in a specific format, it will always get a response in a specific format or initiate a defined action
What is a database
an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques.
Margins
are the blank spaces at the top, bottom, left, and right of a printed page. •Normal—Uses Excel's default margins: 0.75 inch for the top and bottom and 0.7 inch for the left and right. •Wide—Adds more space at the top, bottom, left, and right sides. •Narrow—Reduces the amount of space at the top, bottom, left, and right sides, so more of your worksheet fits on each printed page.
wildcard characters
asterisk (*) and question mark (?) and the "like" construction in the query criteria to find inexact text matches. •The * wildcard replaces any string of characters. •The ? wildcard replaces a single character. Use the * wildcard instead of the ? wildcard if you're not sure of the exact number of characters you're looking for.
Protecting people
biggest vulnerability •Authentication: how you get into the system •Authorization: what information you have access to
EXAMPLE: ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE INVESTMENT
computer software used to satisfy the needs of an organization rather than individual users. Such organizations include businesses, schools, interest-based user groups, clubs, charities, and governments. Enterprise software is an integral part of a (computer-based) information system; a collection of such software is called an Enterprise system. •Initial Investment: $500,000.00 •Other Costs: $300,000 •Monthly Recurring Cost: $3,000.00 •Lifetime: 10 years •Monthly Cost: $9,666.67 •LiftetimeCost: $1,160,000 •Return on Investment -Measurable ROI -Paper savings, postage savings: $1,500.00 per month -Partially Measurable ROI: Staff Efficiency Gain $500 per employee per month, 20 employees, $1,200,000 -Difficult to Measure -Impact on customers $1 million per year, $10,000,000 total •10 Year Net Return: $180,000 + 1,200,000 + 10,000,000 = 11,380,000 - 1,160,000 =$10,220,000
point of sales system
computerized system for recording an order at the place where the order is taken •Traditional Retail •Restaurants •Bars Anyone who collects money at the point of service not required unlike accounting(ledger), you can have accounting software and no POS(cash register) or vice versa
Four Core Objects
data - information - Business Intelligence - Knowledge This allows us to make decisions CORE TO THIS CLASS: HOW TO MAKE BUSINESS DECISIONS
Formula bar
data entry area directly below the Ribbon and above the worksheet grid.
Rapid application development methodology (RAD):
emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process RAD is a more popular route for system development projects The fundamentals of RAD include: Focus initially on creating a prototype that looks and acts like the desired system Actively involve system users in the analysis, design, and development phases Accelerate collecting the business requirements through an interactive and iterative construction approach
The SumIf function
function totals the values only where cells meet the specified criteria. •SUMIF takes two required arguments and one optional argument: •Range—the range of cells to evaluate against the criteria •Criteria—the conditions (the criteria) the cell must meet in order to be included in the total, and optionally •Sum_range—(optional) the range of cells containing the values to be summed. Sum_range must be the same size as Range. This argument is necessary only when the values to be summed are not the same as the values to be evaluated against the criteria.
Hactivists
have philosophical and political reasons for breaking into systems and will often deface the website as a protest
Technology in business
helps make decisions evaluates data Gives employees accessibility and structure
Sensitive PII
information transmitted with encryption and, when disclosed, results in a breach of an individual's privacy and can potentially cause the individual harm. Sensitive PII includes biometric information, financial information, medical information, and unique identifiers EX) Social security number, health care provider, banking information, credit card information, passport number
Nonsensitive PII
information transmitted without encryption and includes information collected from public records, phone books, corporate directories, websites, etc. Nonsensitive PII includes information that does not harm an individual you can change this EX) Phone number, email address, home address, employer
Formula Auto complete
is a shortcut for entering functions. When you type = and then a letter, Formula AutoComplete displays a list of potential matches (functions and other valid reference names). This is a good method to use if you prefer typing the function arguments, but you need a reminder of what the arguments are or the order in which they should be entered.
Chart Titlr
is a text box above or overlaying the chart.
theme
is a unified color, font, and effects scheme. When you create a new blank workbook in Excel 2016, the Office theme is applied by default.
Analysts predict investment in MIS projects worldwide
is over $1 trillion 70 percent will be lost due to failed projects According to the Standish Group, just 29 percent of IT projects were completed on time, within budget, and with features and functions originally specified by the customer to deliver business value. Every day, organizations adopt projects that do not align with mission-critical initiatives; they overcommit financial and human capital; they sign off on low-value projects that consume valuable and scarce resources; and they agree to support projects that are poorly defined from requirements to planning.
Bar charts
like column charts turned on their side. The categories are displayed on the vertical axis, and the data point values are plotted along the horizontal axis. To insert a bar chart: 1.Select the data you want to include in the bar chart. 2.On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Insert Column or Bar Chart button. 3.Click the chart type you want to insert the chart into the worksheet. If you don't like the way Excel grouped the data series, you can switch them, making the categories the data series and the data series the categories. On the Chart Tools Design tab, in the Data group, click the Switch Row/Column button.
The Field Size property
limits the number of characters that can be entered in a text field. To modify the Field Size property in Datasheet view: 1.Select the field. 2.On the Table Tools Fields tab, in the Properties group, type the new field size in the Field Size box and press Enter . 3.If you are making the field size smaller, Access will warn you that the smaller size may result in data loss, as Access will delete any data in the field that exceeds the new field size limit. Click Yes to continue with the change.
Data Visualization
makes for easier interpretations allows us to see things in a different perspective Example) graphs, Charles Minard's 6-D map, Cholera Outbreak Map, US Age pyramid,
Feature creep
occurs when extra features are added example of feature creep) We would like a new logo placed on the top corner of every screen and it should play a song when clicked
Scope creep
occurs when the scope increases example of scope creep) We added a new type of discount to our marketing plan
To clear the filter
on the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click the Clear button. You can also click the funnel icon at the top of the filtered column and select Clear Filter From "Name of Column".
Bytes
one byte is a single character letter or number
ONEDRIVE AND CLOUD STORAGE
one file can be viewed on multiple computers through OneDrive option for cloud storage
1990 UW Mainframe
operating system: DEC VAX Storage: 15 GB Storage Medium: Magnetic Harddrive Took up an entire basement (our phones today have much more than this)
1980 IBM PC
operating system: DOS Processor: 4.77 Mhz Memory: 16 KB Storage: 720 KB Storage Medium: Dual 5.25" Floppy Disk
Light (fiber optics)
really fast with no signal loss Expensive and complex Internet backbone
Excel file
referred to as a workbook, which is a collection of worksheets. § Each worksheet (also called a "sheet") is made up of rows and columns of data on which you can perform calculations.
Padding
refers to the space between the layout rows and columns. To modify the padding for the entire form or report: 1.On the Form Layout Tools Arrange tab or the Report Layout Tools Arrange tab, in the Rows & Columns group, click the Select Layout button to select the entire layout. 2.On the Form Layout Tools Arrange tab or the Report Layout Tools Arrange tab, in the Position group, click the Control Padding button and select the padding option you want: None, Narrow, Medium, or Wide.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE KEY ENCRYPTION (PKE)
request data from website with public (over internet)and when you receive it you use your private to encrypt it (on hard rive) safest ay to protect data
Cyberterrorist
seek to cause harm to people or to destroy critical systems or information and use the Internet as a weapon of mass destruction
Cyberterrorists
seek to cause harm to people or to destroy critical systems or information and use the Internet as a weapon of mass destruction
Storage
storing information long term EX) cloud, USB drive, Disc Drive, SSD Drive, SD chip, Portable Hardrives All exist today Long-term, but not necessary
Operating System
system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. •For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,[1][2] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer - from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers.
The database management system (DBMS)
the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. The full application iteself.
Different bytes
•8 Bit: up to 256 characters •16 Bit: good for audio •32 Bit •64 Bit The bigger the byte, the higher the resolution Think of byte amounts as resolution
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
•E-Waste •Why is E-Waste a Problem? ruins our environment but is increasingly getting better Tech is becoming more reliable and lasting longer
POINT OF SALE (POS) SOFTWARE
•Initially just a few vendors selling generic point of sale •Moved towards niche market POS -a solution for every industry •Today: "The Square Revolution" •Large businesses often maintain custom in-house systems
EXAMPLES OF CRM SOFTWARE
•Salesforce •Hubspot •Zoho •Microsoft Dynamics CRM •Niche CRM Solutions
The Three V's of Big data
•The term "big data" refers to data that is so large, fast or complex that it's difficult or impossible to process using traditional methods. The act of accessing and storing large amounts of information for analytics has been around a long time. But the concept of big data gained momentum in the early 2000s when industry analyst Doug Laney articulated the now-mainstream definition of big data as the three V's: •Volume •Velocity Variety
LICENSED SOFTWARE
•Typically Installed Locally •Up-Front Payment buy once
SOMETHING THE USER KNOWS
•User ID •Password •This is the most common way to identify individual users •This is also the most ineffectiveform of authentication •Over 50 percent of help-desk calls are password related
Finding Duplicate Data Using a Query
•You can create a query to find all the records that have duplicate values in one or more fields. •A Find Duplicates query is useful for finding records that may have been entered more than once or for scenarios such as finding all employees who live in the same city (duplicates in the city field) or locating customers who may have duplicate appointments on the same day (duplicates in name and date fields).
Modifying Column Widths and Row Heights
Excel offers an easy way to automatically set columns to the width to best fit the data in the column: To make the column automatically fit the contents: 1.Move your mouse over the right column boundary. 2.The cursor will change to a shape. Double-click the right column border You can also modify column widths manually: 1.Move your mouse over the right column boundary. 2.The cursor will change to a shape. 3.Click and drag until the column is the size you want, and then release the mouse button. To specify an exact column width for multiple columns: 1.Select the columns you want to modify. Click the column selector for the first column, press and hold Shift , and click the column selector for the last column. 2.On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the Format button. 3.Select Column Width... 4.Enter the value you want in the Column Width dialog. 5.Click OK.
1868 AD
Railroads Laramie came about to refill steam engines with water from river
Sorting Data
Sorting rearranges the rows in your worksheet by the data in a column or columns. To sort data: 1.Click any cell in the column you want to sort by. 2.On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click the button for the sort order you want: -sorts text in alphabetical order from A to Z, numbers from smallest to largest, and dates from oldest to newest. -sorts text in reverse alphabetical order from Z to A, numbers from largest to smallest, and dates from newest to oldest.
Background
Technology can be argued about 250,000 years ago started with a stone tool It took another 247,000 years to create writing Took Iphone in two years Therefore, the more technology created the faster creation of new tech
Using NPV to Calculate Present Value When Payments Are Variable
The NPV function is similar to PV, but it allows for variable payment amounts when calculating the present value of future payments. NPV can be especially useful for comparing two investment or payment options. The NPV function has two required arguments: •Rate—the discount rate—the interest rate that would be reasonably expected if the money were invested elsewhere. •Value—the payment amount both incoming (positive) and outgoing (negative). NPV takes up to 254 Value arguments (Value1, Value2, etc.). •NPV assumes payments are made over consistent periods of time and each payment comes at the end of the period. NPV ignores cells containing text and blank cells. If your argument range includes periods with no values, be sure to enter 0 instead of leaving the cells blank.
Modifying the Layout of a Form or Report
To add a new empty row or column to the control layout: 1.Select a control in the layout. 2.On the Form Layout Tools Arrange tab or the Report Layout Tools Arrange tab, in the Rows & Columns group, click the appropriate button to control where the new row or column will be inserted: Insert Above, Insert Below, Insert Left, or Insert Right.
CREATING NEW FOLDERS AND SUBFOLDERS
To better organize your files, you can create new folders and subfolders. To create a new folder: 1.On the Hometab, in the Newgroup, click the New Folderbutton. 2.Type the name of the folder in the text box and press Enter.
Changing the Color of Sheet Tabs
To change a worksheet tab color: 1.Right-click the sheet tab and point to Tab Color to display the color palette. 2.Hover the mouse pointer over each color to preview how the color will look when the worksheet is active. 3.Click the color you want.
DELETING FILES AND FOLDERS
When you delete a file or folder from your hard drive, it is placed in the Recycle Binwhere it will be temporarily stored until you remove it from your computer permanently. To delete a file or folder: 1.Click the file or folder you want to delete to select it. 2.On the Hometab, in the Organizegroup, click the Deletebutton. 3.Click Yesin the message box that appears to send the file or folder to the Recycle Bin.
WORKING WITH DOWNLOADED FILES
When you download a file from the Internet, whether it is a PDF or an EXE file to install a new piece of software, the file is automatically saved to the Downloads folder. To find and open a downloaded file: 1.Click the Downloadsfolder under This PC. 2.Double-click the file you want to open.
DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACK
a cyber attack in which an attacker sends a flood of data packets to the target computer, with the aim of overloading its resources Ex) Amazon on Black Friday
template
a file with predefined settings that you can use as a starting point for your workbook.
Agile methodology
a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements The Aglie Alliance is a group of software developers whose mission is to improve software development processes and whose manifesto includes the following: Satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project Build projects around motivated individuals The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly
AutoSum
a function that automatically adds the values in the cells directly above or to the left of the active cell
Charts
a graphic that represents numeric data visually. •In a chart, the values selected in the worksheet, the data points, are transformed into graphic data markers. •Data markers can be columns, bars, pie pieces, lines, or other visual elements. •Related data points, usually in the same row or column, are grouped into a data series. Some chart types allow you to plot multiple data series.
MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE ATTACK
a hacker placing himself between a client and a host to intercept communications between them
Dependency
a logical relationship between the project tasks, or between a project task and a milestone Dependencies inform the project manager of tasks associated with or affected by another task
Ewaste
refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices
Introduction to Access 2016
•A database is a collection of data. An effective database allows you to enter, store, organize, and retrieve large amounts of related data. •Within each Access database, you create, edit, and save (and delete) objects.
BUSINESS SOFTWARE MODELS
•Licensed •Software-as-a-Service (SAAS) •Hybrid Model Open-Source
COLLABORATION
•Office 365 •Google Forms •Slack •Microsoft Sharepoint •Monday.com
Programming languages for data analytics
•Python •R
ONEDRIVE
•Why? -Central File Access -Sharing -Collaboration •How? -Browser-based -App
WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE
•You need to integrate the ability to accept payments on your web site. •You can either: -A: Build a payment solution from scratch B: Use an existing payment service as a "web service" on your web site.
BENEFITS OF ONEDRIVE APPS
•Your files are always accessible across devices •Faster than web interface Apps for PC, Mac, iOS, Android
WHY FILE MANAGEMENT
•Your personal files Shared work files •Easily find files when you need them •Others finding files when in a collaborative environment •It will make your life easier
Foreign Key
•a Primary Key from one table when represented in a different table •Your SSN is a Foreign Key for the IRS (or somebody else using it) •ContactID is a Primary Key for Contacts •ContactID in the Address table is a Foreign Key
To change the margins, on the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group
•click the Margins button, and click one of the preset margins options: Normal, Wide, or Narrow •or click Custom Margins... to specify your own values.
A Primary Key
•is a unique identifier for a record in a database. No two records in the same table can have the same key. •Your SSN is a Primary Key for you
Virtualization
•refers to the creation of a virtual resource such as a server, desktop, operating system, file, storage or network. Running one computer as another the ability to host multiple instances of something Usually used in database centers. •Examples: -Running Windows on a Mac -Running an old operating system on a current platform -Running a variety of server operating systems on the same hardware -Bundling several computers into one virtual host
Design view
•used to modify the structure of the database object. •When you are working with an object in Design view, you see only the structural elements of the object, not the data.
