Igneous Rock

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Obsidian

a sharp, glasslike volcanic rock

Pumice

a volcanic rock that is a light, sponge-like rock usually found at the surface of a lava flow with a mass of gas bubbles

Where is igneous rock formed

above and below the earth

Why are igneous rocks different

because of how they are made (composition) and how fast they are cooled (texture)

what happens when it takes longer for magma to cool

less time crystals have to form, creates larger crystals and a more coarse texture

Igneous Rock

Rock formed from cooling magma and lava

What happens when magma cools quickly

small or no crystals --> fine texture

Vesicular

spongy appearance, air pockets or bubbles trapped in rock due to rapid cooling (extrusive)

Igneous rock forms

when magma (hot liquid, rock) cools and solidifies

When does extrusive igneous rock form

when magma erupts onto earth's surface through a volcano or fissure (cracks in earths crus) and cools quickly

When does intrusive igneous rock form

when magma pushes into surrounding rock below the earths surface and slowly cools

Basalt

A fine grained igneous rock that is mafic

Rhyolite

An extrusive igneous rock that is felsic

Mineral

An inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.

Granite

An intrusive igneous rock that is felsic

Fine Grained Igneous Rock

Fast cooling magma in extrusive rock

Slow cooling magma

Forms large coarse grained crystals

Fast cooling lava

Forms small fine grained crystals

Mafic

Igneous Rock containing large amounts of Iron and Magnesium, dark in color and high in density

Felsic

Igneous rock containing large amounts of aluminum and silicon, low density and light color

Glassy Texture

Igneous rocks consisting of material that cooled too quickly for crystals to form.

What happens when magma cools very slowly

LARGER crystals --> coarse texture

Magma

Molten rock found below ground.

Lava

Molten rock that is found above ground.

Course Grained Igneous Rock

Slow cooling intrusive rock

fast cooling magma

finer texture

What does the texture of the ingenous rock depend on?

how fast magma cooled

Magma

is a complex mixture of melted minerals, not all minerals melt of freeze (Solidify) and the same temperature

Intrusive Igneous Rock

rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface

Extrusive Igneous Rock

rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface


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