Immune Practice Questions

A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for symptoms of polyarthralgia, fatigue, and hair loss. Laboratory results include the presence of anti-DNA, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-Smith in the blood. The nurse recognizes that these findings are most likely to be related to which diagnosis? A.Systemic sclerosis B.Rheumatoid arthritis C.Chronic fatigue syndrome D.Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus

The nurse is caring for a clinic patient with asymptomatic chronic HIV. Which of the following is the priority intervention for the patient? A. The nurse should place the patient in isolation with droplet precautions. B. The nurse should refer the patient for hospice care. C. The nurse should notify the patient's sexual partners of the diagnosis. D. The nurse should ensure the patient is up to date on their vaccinations.

The nurse should notify the patient's sexual partners of the diagnosis.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is HIV positive and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Which information is most important for the nurse to address when planning care? A. The patient's blood glucose level is 142 mg/dl. B. The patient complains of feeling constantly tired. C. The patient's HIV RNA level has risen from the last visit. D. The patient states they have not missed a dose of medication.

The patient's HIV RNA level has risen from the last visit.

The nurse determines teaching has been effective when a patient with rheumatoid arthritis makes which statement? A. A joint replacement surgery will fix everything. B. This condition will get better and worse again. C. The disease will only affect my joints. D. Medications will help with pain, but not inflammation.

This condition will get better and worse again.

Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of which of the following? A.Unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse B.Low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4+T cells C.Transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery and breastfeeding D.Sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes, pipes, and straws

Unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse

A nurse is admitting an adolescent who has severely symptomatic HIV. which of the following findings might the nurse expect ? select all that apply a. Kaposi's sarcoma b. Pneumonitis c. Encephalopathy d. pulmonary Candidiasis e. swollen lymph nodes

a. Kaposi's sarcoma c. Encephalopathy d. pulmonary Candidiasis

A nurse in an outpatient clinic is assessing a client who reports night sweats, fatigue, cough, nausea and diarrhea. the client asked the nurse if it's possible he has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). which of the following actions should the nurse take initially? select all that apply a. Perform a physical assessment b. determine when manifestations began c. provide education about HIV transmission d. draw blood for HIV testing e. obtain a sexual history from the client

a. Perform a physical assessment b. determine when manifestations began e. obtain a sexual history from the client

A nurse is assisting with admitting a child who has HIV. the nurse should identify which of the following findings as indications that the child is moderately systematic category ? select all that apply a. herpes zoster b. bronchitis c. oral candidiasis d. microbacterial pneumonia e. tuberculosis

a. herpes zoster b. bronchitis c. oral candidiasis

A nurse is completing the admission history for a client who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). which risk factors does the nurse identify as being associated with the virus ? select all that apply a. perinatal exposure b. pregnancy c. monogamist sex partner d. menopause e. occupational exposure

a. perinatal exposure d. menopause e. occupational exposure

A health care provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For which of the following serious side effects will decline require monitoring ? a. persistent diarrhea b. persistent nausea c. pulmonary emboli d. cardiac decompensation

a. persistent diarrhea

A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse anticipate? select all that apply a. positive ANA titer b. increase WBC count c. 2+ urine protein d. increase serum C3 and C4 e. elevated BUN

a. positive ANA titer c. 2+ urine protein e. elevated BUN

A nurse is providing discharge teaching with a client who has AIDS. which of the following statements should the nurse include in teaching ? a. prevent the spread of infection by cleaning contaminated services with one part bleach and 10 parts water b. disinfect clothing using hot water and detergent to clean clothing soiled with vomit or feces c. recommendations are to not use reusable household dishes and silverware at meal time d. place any type of solid waste from the client in the trash

a. prevent the spread of infection by cleaning contaminated services with one part bleach and 10 parts water

A nurse is working in an outpatient clinic is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a reports increase joint tenderness and swelling. which of the following fines are the nurse expect ? select all that apply a. recent viral infection b. decrease range of motion c. hypersalivation d. increased blood pressure e. pain arrest

a. recent viral infection b. decrease range of motion e. pain arrest

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who was suspected of having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). the nurse should identify that which of the following tests are used to confirm HIV infection ? select all that apply a. western bolt b. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay c. CD 4 + t lymphocyte count d. viral load test e. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

a. western bolt b. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client rheumatoid arthritis. which of the following statements will the nurse include in the teaching ? a. you might experience joint stiffness when you get out of bed b. you might experience abdominal pain c. you might experience weight gain d. you might experience low blood pressure

a. you might experience joint stiffness when you get out of bed

A client with rheumatoid arthritis is undergoing assessment for joint pain and swelling. which of the following chemical mediators are responsible for the clients inflammatory process ? select all that apply a. thyroxin b. leukotriene c. prostaglandin d. lodothyronine e. histamine f. Bradykinin g. acetylcholine

b. leukotriene c. prostaglandin e. histamine f. Bradykinin

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for infusion of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Shortly after the infusion begins the client complains of Vertigo thick tongue and tinnitis (ringing in the ears). What is the most appropriate intervention? a. this is a normal reaction and the nurse said was sure the client and continue the infusion b. stop the infusion and disconnect the IV tubing c. check the doctors orders for an antiemetic d. update the primary care provider

b. stop the infusion and disconnect the IV tubing

A nurse is providing teaching to a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching ? a. I should limit my time to 10 minutes in the tanning bed b. I will apply powder to any skin rash c. I should use a mild hair shampoo d. I will inspect my skin weekly for rashes or sores

c. I should use a mild hair shampoo

A client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). which skin manifestation is associated specifically with this disorder ? a. pruritus b. jaundice c. butterfly shaped rash d. hives

c. butterfly shaped rash

a nurse is planning an educational session about HIV for newly licensed nurses. which of the following information should the nurse include about HIV transmission ? a. primarily transmitted through casual contact b. primarily transmitted through a wound caused by an accident c. primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids d. primarily transmitted through eating raw meat

c. primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids

A nurse is caring for an elderly client with rheumatoid arthritis. the most effective intervention for relieving stiffness in a client is which of the following ? a. aspirin to decrease inflammation in the joints b. recommending that the client lose 20 pounds c. taking a warm shower bath in the morning d. apply calls to affected joints

c. taking a warm shower bath in the morning

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is HIV and is having difficulty gaining weight. which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching ? a. I will choose a diet high in fat b. I will be sure to eat three large meals a day c. I will drink up to one liter of liquid each day d. I will add foods that are high in protein to my diet

d. I will add foods that are high in protein to my diet

A nurse is performing the admission assessment of a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect ? a. weight gain b. truncal petechiae c. systolic murmur d. alopecia

d. alopecia

A nurse is teaching about oral care to client who is immunocompromised. which of the following instructions should the nurse provide ? a. rinse with commercial mouthwash four times a day b. use a medium bristle toothbrush when brushing your teeth c. use lemon glycerin swabs to moisturize your mouth d. use a sodium bicarbonate toothpaste when brushing your teeth

d. use a sodium bicarbonate toothpaste when brushing your teeth

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed patient about systemic lupus erythematosus. The nurse determines teaching has been effective when the patient makes which statement? A. "I should spend plenty of time in bright sunlight to improve my condition." B. "I should notify my provider if I have a sore throat or fever." C. "Stressful situations won't cause any exacerbations with SLE." D. "If I were to become pregnant, I won't have any complications."

"I should notify my provider if I have a sore throat or fever."

The nurse provides home care instructions to a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus about methods to manage fatigue. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I should take warm baths because they are relaxing." B. "I should rest whenever possible to conserve my energy." C. "I should perform high-impact aerobic exercise every day." D. "I should avoid long periods of rest because it may increase joint stiffness."

"I should perform high-impact aerobic exercise every day."

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed 34-year-old male about his HIV infection. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for additional education? A."I will need to take my HIV medication daily for the rest of my life." B."Although I only take one pill, it has multiple medications combined into a single tablet." C."I should notify my HIV provider if I get fevers that do not go away with Tylenol or aspirin." D."Once my viral load is undetectable I don't have to worry about taking my medication every day."

"Once my viral load is undetectable I don't have to worry about taking my medication every day."

What functions of the immune system can be found the older adult? Select all that apply A.Decreased formation of antibodies B.Thymus enlargement C.Decreased surveillance for malignant cell changes D.Decreased delayed hypersensitivity reactions E.Increased response of T and B cells

- Decreased formation of antibodies - Decreased surveillance for malignant cell changes - Decreased delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a 33-year-old patient with a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis? Select all that apply. A. Instruct the patient to purchase a firm mattress. B. Suggest that the patient take a nap in the afternoon. C. Teach the patient to avoid warm baths. D. Suggest high-impact exercise with weights several times daily. E. Recommend a flu vaccine every year. F. Continue immunosuppressive therapy even if they are taking antibiotics for infection.

- Instruct the patient to purchase a firm mattress. - Suggest that the patient take a nap in the afternoon. - Recommend a flu vaccine every year.

Which of the following are true statements about autoimmune disorders? Select all that apply. A. More women than men have autoimmune disorders. B. It is believed that there is a genetic predisposition. C. A trigger is required, and could be a virus, medication, or stress. D. Pregnancy can cause autoimmune disorders to become better or worse. E. Young people are at greater risk for autoimmune disorders.

- More women than men have autoimmune disorders. - It is believed that there is a genetic predisposition. - A trigger is required, and could be a virus, medication, or stress. - Pregnancy can cause autoimmune disorders to become better or worse.

The nurse associates which of the following findings to immunosenescence in a 68-year-old woman? Select all that apply. A. Pneumonia B. Shingles C. Cervical dysplasia D. Cancer

- Pneumonia - Shingles - Cancer

The nurse includes which of the following in the past medical history evaluating the immune response? Select all that apply. A. Recurrent infections B. Chronic illness C. Dietary history D. History of fractures E. Medication history

- Recurrent infections - Chronic illness - Dietary history - Medication history

Which of the following would be an example of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction? A. A kidney transplant rejection B. A drug allergy causing anaphylaxis C. An autoimmune disorder D. Blood transfusion incompatibility

An autoimmune disorder

A nurse is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis. the nurse should identify that which of the following laboratory tests are used to diagnose this disease ? select all that apply A. urinalysis B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) C. BUN D. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer E. C-reactive protein

B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) D. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer E. C-reactive protein

Etanercept (Enbrel) is prescribed for a patient with stage II rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse determines that the medication is effective if which of the following is observed? A. Decreased lymphocyte count B. Absence of Rh factor in the blood C. Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) D. Increased serum immunoglobulin G

Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP)

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of HIV. Which assessment best indicates that the patient's condition is improving? A.Decreased viral load B.Increased drug resistance C.Decreased CD4+ T-cell count D.Increased aminotransferase levels

Decreased viral load

A diagnosis of AIDS can be made for a patient with HIV when which of the following are present? A.CD4+ T-cell count <500/µL B.WBC count <3000/µL (3 × 109/L) C.Development of oral candidiasis (thrush) D.Onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia