Immunity PrepUs

To avoid anaphylactic reactions in children, which question would be most important to ask a parent before administering penicillin to her infant?

"Has she ever had penicillin before?"

The nurse is caring for a female patient who has an exacerbation of lupus erythematosus. What does the nurse understand is the reason that females tend to develop autoimmune disorders more frequently than men?

Estrogen tends to enhance immunity.

T-cells can be either regulator T cells or effector T cells. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells. What function are helper T-cells important in?

Fighting infection

What immunoglobulin is transferred through breastmilk?

IgA

The nurse is caring for a child who is receiving a skin test to determine the presence of allergies. A positive skin test for one particular allergen shows the mediation of which type of immune globulin?

IgE

A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

What are some examples of a humoral immune response?

Anaphylaxis and asthma

A patient is being treated in the intensive care unit for sepsis related to ventilator-associated pneumonia. The patient is on large doses of three different antibiotics. What severe outcome should the nurse monitor for in the lab studies?

Bone marrow suppression

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack the antigen directly by altering the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Which cells should be isolated?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which immunoglobulin assumes a major role in bloodborne and tissue infections?

IgG

What chemical is released by cytotoxic T cells?

Lymphokine

A client is diagnosed with an immune system disorder caused by a congenital alteration in the proper development of immune cells. The nurse is aware that this immune system disorder is classified as?

Primary immune deficiency

The period from infection with HIV to the development of antibodies to HIV is known as which of the following?

Primary infection

Which stage of the immune response occurs when the differentiated lymphocytes function in either a humoral or a cellular capacity?

Response stage

A client has been diagnosed with HIV and has been placed on antiretroviral therapy. What does the nurse inform the client will be required for determining the progression of the disease as well as guiding drug therapy?

Viral load and T4-cell counts will be preformed every 2 to 3 months

Ataxia refers to

poor muscle coordination, especially when voluntary movements are attempted

A client is prescribed antihistamines, and asks the nurse about administration and adverse effects. The nurse should advise the client to avoid:

Alcohol

A client has been diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). How would you correctly describe a secondary immune deficiency?

An interference develops in an already developed immune system.

The immune system is a complicated and intricate system that contains specialized cells and tissues that protect us from external invaders and our own altered cells. Which term is used to define any substances capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response?

Antigens

The nurse is performing a physical assessment for a patient at the clinic and palpates enlarged inguinal lymph nodes on the left. What should the nurse document?

Location, Size, Reports of tenderness, and Consistency

The nurse teaches the client that reducing the viral load will have what effect?

Longer survival

A nurse is exposed to hepatitis C and receives a shot of gamma globulin. What type of immunity does this nurse have?

Passive immunity: ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible person; antibodies are immediate but short-lived.

A client who has developed kidney failure is discussing options with the health care provider for treatment. What does the nurse understand that kidney failure is associated with?

A deficiency in circulating lymphocytes

A parent has brought a child to the clinic for a wellness check. While talking with the nurse, the parent asks the nurse to suggest a diet that will maximize the immune function of growing children. What dietary pattern should the nurse suggest?

A moderate diet that is balanced and varied because we don't know yet what or how many nutrients the child needs.

A nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. After giving a hepatitis B immunization to an infant, the parent asks what kind of protection this provides for the child. What is the nurse's best response

Active acquired immunity that lasts for many years or a lifetime.

A 34-year-old client is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. Testing reveals that the client is a candidate for treatment. The nurse anticipates that which therapy could be used to treat the client's condition?

Interferon are used to treat immune-related disorders (e.g. multiple sclerosis) and chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g. chronic hepatitis)

Immunocompetence is the ability of the immune system to cooperatively protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. Immunocompetence is maintained by white blood cells and:

Lymphoid tissue

A 20-year-old client cut a hand while replacing a window. While reviewing the complete blood count (CBC) with differential, the nurse would expect which cell type to be elevated first in an attempt to prevent infection in the client's hand?

Neutrophils

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected immune system disorder. What test would be ordered if a deficiency or excess of immuneglobulins was suspected?

Protein electrophoresis

A hospital educator is reiterating the importance of Standard Precautions to a group of nursing students who will soon begin a clinical rotation on the unit. What would be the best way to describe the application of Standard Precautions?

Standard Precautions should be applied to patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infectious status.

A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?

Stool specimen for ova and parasites

Chronic illnesses may contribute to immune system impairment in various ways. Renal failure is associated with

deficiency of circulating lymphocytes

A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?

Bank autologous blood, which is donating blood to yourself.

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger promotes inflammation, fever, and angiogenesis?

Interleukins carry messages between leukocytes and tissues that form blood cells.

What type of cytokine will attract neutrophils and monocytes to remove debris?

Lymphokines

Which of the following occurs when the antigen-antibody molecule is coated with a sticky substance what also facilitates phagocytosis?

Opsonization: antibodies assist with the removal of offending organisms.

In the immune response cycle, lymphocytes interfere with disease by picking up specific antigens from organisms to alter their function during which stage of an immune response?

Proliferation

The anatomy and physiology class is learning about antigens and antibodies. What should the instructor explain that antibodies are?

Natural killer cells

Which type of cell is capable of directly killing invading organisms and producing cytokines?

Natural Killer Cells