Immunohematology

Which of the following agencies administers the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening. When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma, no hemolysis was observed. What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?

Complement activation was inhibited by calcium in the plasma sample.

Select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibody's unique class function

Constant region of the heavy chain

Select the substance that regulates the activity of other cells by binding to specific receptors.

Cytokines

Quality control is the same as quality assurance.

False

What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination test if a red cell suspension with a concentration greater than 5% is used?

False negatives

A technologist added 4 drops of a 5% red cell suspension instead of the required 1 drop to a hemagglutination test. What is the potential consequence to the test results?

False-negative

What portion of the antibody molecule binds to receptors on macrophages and assists in the removal of antibody bound to red cells?

Fc fragment

Which of the following organizations are involved in the regulation of blood banks?

Food and Drug Administration

Which of the following is true regarding good manufacturing practices (GMPs)?

GMPs are legal requirements established by the Food and Drug Administration.

Select the method that uses a dextran-acrylamide matrix

Gel technology

What part of the immunoglobulin molecule distinguishes the isotype?

Heavy chain

What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin class is impacted by the zeta potential in a hemagglutination test?

IgG

Select the immunoglobulin class produced first in the primary immune response.

IgM

What immunoglobulin class reacts best at room temperature at immediate-spin?

IgM

Which of the following requires adjustment in order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro?

Increase the incubation time in the incubator

In a routine audit of a facilities blood collection area, the quality assurance department found that the blood bags used on that particular day had expired. What is the appropriate course of action?

Initiate a root cause analysis and quarantine the blood collected in the expired bags.

A laboratory technologist decided she would like to bring her lab coat home for laundering because it had too many wrinkles when returned by the laboratory's laundry service. Is this practice acceptable?

No, because the laboratory is a biosafety level 2, and lab coats may not be removed

A technologist in training noticed that the person training her had not recorded the results of a test. To be helpful, she carefully recorded the results she saw at a later time, using the technologist's initials. Is this an acceptable procedure?

No; she should have brought the error to the technologist's attention

When testing for the A antigen in a patient, what would you use to perform the test?

Patient's red cells and anti-A

What biological molecules are considered the most immunogenic?

Proteins

Personal protective equipment includes:

Safety glasses splash barriers masks

Which of the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response?

Size greater than 10,000 daltons

Several units were released to a hospital by mistake before all viral marker testing was completed. What is the appropriate course of action?

The error is reportable, and the Food and Drug Administration must be contacted.

A facility does not validate a refrigerator before use. What is a potential outcome?

The facility is in violation of current good manufacturing practices and could be cited by the Food and Drug Administration.

All accidents, even minor ones, must be reported to a supervisor.

True

The Occupation Safety and Health Administration does not require the routine use of gloves by phlebotomists working with healthy prescreened donors or changing unsoiled gloves between donors.

True

Which of the following is an example of an unacceptable record-keeping procedure?

Using dittos in columns to save time

Select the region of the antibody molecule responsible for imparting unique antibody specificity.

Variable region

An antibody identified in the transfusion service appeared to be reacting stronger following the second exposure to an antigen from a transfusion. The most likely explanation of this observation is:

affinity maturation of the immunoglobulin molecule. anamnestic response. isotype switching.

Employee training takes place:

after hiring and following implementation of new procedures.

In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as:

antibody excess

An antigen that originates from the individual is termed:

autologous

Plans that provide the framework for establishing quality assurance in an organization are:

continuous quality improvement plan.

The standard operating procedure is a document that:

helps achieve consistency of results.

In safety training, employees must become familiar with all of the following except:

how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a donor or other employee.

All of the following are true regarding competency testing except:

it is required only if the technologist has no experience.

All of the following are responsibilities of the quality assurance department of a blood bank except:

performing quality control.

Unacceptable quality control results for the antiglobulin test performed in test tubes may be noticed if:

preventive maintenance has not been performed on the cell washer. the technologist performing the test was never trained. the reagents used were improperly stored.

Extravascular destruction of blood cells occurs in the:

spleen

Blood irradiators require all of the following safety procedures except:

that the user have a degree in radiology.

After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, one large agglutinate was observed. How should this reaction be graded?

4+

Select the term that describes cells or tissue from a genetically different individual within the same species.

Allogeneic

Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?

Antibody bound to antigen

Select the test that uses IgG-sensitized red cells (check cells).

Antiglobulin test

Select the cell involved in humoral immunity.

B lymphocytes

At what point in the employment process should safety training take place?

Before independent work is permitted and annually thereafter

What process is described by opsonization?

Binding to cells or antigens

Which of the following components in the complement cascade mediates the lysis of the target cells?

C5 to C9