Important People/Highlights #1
Ernst Ruska
constructed the first electron microscope
W. Gilbert and F. Sanger
developed a method to sequence DNA
Jonas Salk
developed polio vaccine
Christian Gram
developed the gram stain which divides the bacteria into gram positive and gram negative categories based on cell wall structure
Alexander Fleming
discovered penicillin
Paul Ehrlich
discovered the acid fast stain to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, discovered the cure for syphilis (magic bullet "606", arsenic compound)
Dmitri Ivanovski
discovered the agent known as a virus
Louis Pasteur
disproved spontaneous generation, saved the French wine industry by developing pasteurization process, developed the first rabies vaccination
John Snow
father epidemiology, worked on epidemiology of cholera
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
first microbiologist, made over 500 microscopes, discovered bacteria and other microscopic organisms
Edward Jenner
first scientific smallpox vaccination
Robert Koch
founder of clinical bacteriology, developed pure culture techniques, simple staining techniques
R. J. Petri
invented the petri dish to isolate microbes
Pure culture techniques
isolating microbes by repeatedly systematically streaking them over agar in a Petri dish
Germ theory
microbes are causative agents of disease
Joseph Lister
practiced antiseptic surgery by spraying carbolic acid on surgical instruments, wounds, and dressings
Hans and Zacharias Hansen
produced the first microscope
Ignatz Semmelweis
proved that hand washing stops the spread of disease
Walter Reed
proved the mosquitoes carried the yellow fever virus
Martinus Beijerinck
recognized viral dependence on cells for reproduction
Francesco Redi
refuted idea of spontaneous generation
Gram positive cell
thick cell wall
Gram negative cell
thin cell wall
Pasteurization process
A process of heating a food, which is usually a liquid, to a specific temperature for a predefined length of time and then immediately cooling it to slow spoilage due to microbial growth in the food.
Use of knowing Gram positive vs. Gram negative
can tell physician how to treat a patient/what kind of causative agent is infecting
