Indian Independence and Reform
Satyagraha
"Truth force," a term used by Gandhi to describe peaceful demonstrations to promote Indian independence.
Caste System
A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life.
Kashmir
A region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent; India and Pakistan dispute control of it.
Ahimsa
Buddhist and Hindu and especially Jainist doctrine holding that all forms of life are sacred and urging the avoidance of violence.
Indira Gandhi
Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister from 1966 to 1977.
Gandhi's Goal
India gain independence from Britain in a non violent protests.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights
Gandhi
Indian lawyer who led an non-violent movement to gain independence for India from the British.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Indian statesman. He succeeded Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister
Rowlatt Acts
Laws passed in 1919 that allowed the British government in India to jail anti-British protesters without trial for as long as two years
Separation of India and Pakistan
Muslisms create their own country, Pakistan, and India is ruled by Hindus (Sikhs stay in India)
Sikh Separatism
Sikhs wanting their own nation, Sikhs who want their own country in Punjab.
Untouchability
Social practice of ostracizing a minority group by segregating them from the mainstream by social custom or legal mandate
Amritsar Massacre
The Amritsar Massacre occurred in 1919 to protest Rowlatt Act. British soldiers fired upon a group of nonviolent, Indian protestors killing men, women and children in the crowd. Amritsar marked a turning point in the Indian independence movement.
Salt March
passive resistance campaign led by Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.
Homespun Movement
protest in India lead by Ghandi, against British goods; Indians stopped wearing clothes made from British cloth and started making their own