Industrial Revolution

Investment Capital

-strong banking system

Why did workers begin to create trade unions?

Better treatment

What economic stage did society enter with the creation of the classless society?

Communism

In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain

What was stated in the Coal Mines Act of 1842?

It prohibited (banned) all girls and boys under ten years old from working underground in coal mines.

Who is given credit for inventing the steam engine?

James Watt

What are tariffs?

Taxes on imported goods

What was the Luddite movement?

The machine-breaking disturbances that rocked the wool and cotton industries were known as the 'Luddite riots'

How was the steam engine applied to the textile industry?

The steam engine revolutionized the production of cotton goods and allowed the factory system to spread to other areas of production, thereby securing whole new industries. The steam engine thus ensured the triumph of the Industrial Revolution.

Examine the map on p. 606 of the textbook (Map 20.2) and draw conclusions about the spread of the industrial revolution in Europe.

Where the industrial areas are there were many cities and factories

What happened to the levels of things like crime and prostitution in the urban areas?

an increase?

Infrastructure

good bridges and canals (used on rivers. rivers are a source of transportation and power) roads and railroads help link cities together

What happened to the population of the cities in Great Britain?

grown from 5 million to 30 million people

What was Chartism?

labor movement for increased political democracy

What is the difference between pig iron and wrought iron?

pig iron: type of iron produced by smelting iron ore with coke; of lower quality than wrought iron. wrought iron Wrought iron: lower carbon content therefore made it malleable and able to withstand strain, a high-quality iron first produced during the eighteenth century in Britain; manufactured by puddling, a process developed by Henry Cort that involved using coke to burn away the

What types of machines were developed to industrialize the COTTON industry?

textiles

Why did the governments of countries on the continent use tariffs to protect themselves against British goods?

to protect their fledgling industries

What industry in particular helped to increase iron production?

transportation?

Who were the bourgeoisie?

upper middle class

Entrepreneurs

They start their own company; Risk taker

What was stated in the Ten Hours Act of 1847?

Women and children only work 10 hours and have Sunday's off

What is a strike?

Workers refuse to work to force mill owners to raise wages and improve working conditions

Markets

boats were used to transport goods, ships connect the British Empire and the market will expand.

What is cholera and what caused cholera?

cholera: a serious and often deadly disease commonly spread by contaminated water; a major problem in nineteenth-century European cities before sewerage systems were installed. Cause: lack of sanitation

What were the living conditions like in the urban areas in Great Britain?

close, dirty, unhealthy, small rooms, close living space, open drains

What was the major fuel source of the steam engine?

coal

What factors allowed for the population growth to occur in Europe?

developments which when population increased lead to agricultural improvements, expanding cottage industries, witness growth in foreign trade

What was Chartism trying to promote for the working class?

extend the right to vote?

Support of the Government

government protects the free market--economic liberalism

What was the struggle between the "haves" and the "have nots"?

money and power because the "have nots" want what the haves have

What types of workers were initially allowed into the early trade unions?

skilled workers

Who were the proletariat?

working class

What was the dictatorship of the proletariat?

working middle class?

What was the Crystal Palace?

-An enormous structure made entirely of glass and iron, a tribute to British engineering skills -contained 100,000 exhibits -6 million people visited the fair in 6 months

What was the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Great Britain?

-World's first industrial fair -The world wide exchange of plants of cultures, plants, animals, and disease

Agriculture

-changing in methods of farm and livestock led to more food; prices go down -less people in the fields and more people in the factories -expansion of economic market

Mineral Resources

-coal -fuel source for the factories and train and production for iron -rivers -road, bridges, canal

What reforms were enacted by the Factory Act(s) of 1833?

-no child workers under nine years of age -employers must have an age certificate for their child workers -children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day -children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day -children are not to work at night -two hours schooling each day for children four factory -inspectors appointed to enforce the law

What happened to cotton textile production?

1. Cotton thread production goes up 2. fabric production goes up

What factors allowed for the Industrial Revolution to begin in England? (agriculture)

Agricultural revolution: Changes in farming and stock breeding leading to an increase in food production

How did the RR influence the development of the Industrial Revolution?

Because it demanded for the coal and iron industries to grow and therefore opened more jobs and allowed new investment opportunities.

What book was authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?

Communist Manifesto

What happened to the production of cotton textiles with the application of the steam engine?

Continued to reduce the cost of products

In what industry did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Cotton Industry

What were the working conditions like in the early factories?

Dangerous, unhealthy, unsafe, scary

How did cholera impact the urban populations?

Dropped the population immensely

What is a trade union?

Groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions

What is puddling?

Henry Cort developed a process called puddling in which coke was used to burn away impurities in pig iron (the product of smelting iron ore with coke) to produce an iron of high quality called wrought iron.

What is emigration and why did people tend to emigrate from some European countries to others?

Leaving ones country for another. For the work

Why was the factory a revolutionary concept for the production of goods?

Machines were placed in factories and that shifted the workforce from in cottages to in factories and increased the about of goods being made because more were made at a faster pace

What economic stage did society enter with the revolution of the proletariat?

Socialism

What economic stage existed when the bourgeoisie and proletariat were in conflict with each other?

Socialism?

Around what year did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

Sometime after 1750

How did the factory shape the lives of the factory workers?

Standardized work days

Define urbanization.

The growth of cities and the migration of people into them