industrial revolution

Industrial Revolution

the totality of the changes in economic and social organization that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.

Factory System

a manufacturing method for a standardized product or products in which fixed capital, raw material, and labor operations are centralized and sophisticated machinery is often used

Domestic System

a manufacturing system whereby workers make products in their own homes with materials supplied by entrepreneurs.

strike

a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer.

Bessemer Process

a steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort

Enclosure

an area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier. It could also mean the state of being enclosed, especially in a religious community.

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Labor Union

an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Interchangeable Parts

are parts(components) that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type.

Urbanization

is a population shift from rural to urban areas, and the ways in which society adapts to the change.

Mass Production

is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.

Productivity

the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.

Monopoly

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.