Infant and Toddler Chapter 10-14

What theorist recognized self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

What is the definition of Emotions?

The affective response to an event, and they come from within an individual, though they may be triggered by an external event.

True or False. Responsive child-parent interaction is key to a child's development and learning.

True

True or False. The first year of life, infants can link information about another person's emotional express with environmental cues.

True.

define time-out

a guidance approach that involves removing a child from a situation in which he or she is behaving unacceptably.

define redirection

a guidance strategy for changing children's unacceptable or disruptive behavior.

define conferences

a meeting with parents arranged with a goal in mind

define observation mode

a particular state or way of being in which the focus is on paying close attention

define savior complex

a pattern that occurs when caregivers disapprove of parents and feel like they want to rescue a child from their family

What is the definition feeling?

a physical sense of, or an awareness of, an emotional state.

define structure

a plan or set-up of a physical environment that gives a clear message or expectation that influences ones behavior in such a space.

define conditioning

a relearning of ones behavioral response to react in a certain when presented with specific stimuli.

define prosocial behavior

actions that benefit another person without rewards for oneself

What are the 9 characteristics of temperament

activity level, rhythmicity, approach-withdrawal, adaptability, attention span, intensity of reaction, threshold of responsiveness, distractability, and quality of mood.

define parent education

an approach to working with parents designed to meet parents needs.

define play spaces

an area set up for play which should contain a variety of stage appropriate toys and equipment for whole body play as well as fine motor manipulative play.

Define temperament

an individual's behavioral style and unique way of responding to the world.

define comfort devices

an object or action that may be of comfort to the child, also known as a transitional object

define referral

an outside service that has been identified as a source of assistance to meet a particular families need.

define inner controls

another word for self-control

define learning tool

anything that is safe and interesting that can be a source of learning for an infant or toddler.

define autonomy

being independent and responsible for ones actions.

define limits

boundaries placed on a child's behavior

define self-concept

children's perception of the attributes and abilities they possess that they see as defining who they are

define dialogue

conversation using nondefensive language

define stranger anxiety

distress in infants exhibits when faced with unfamiliar adults.

True or False. Young infants do not have limited resources for expression.

false

Accept children's _____ as valid; acknowledge their fears as being real to them.

fears

define mixed-aged groups

groups of children of varying ages, more common in a child care setting.

define needs and services plan

information regarding a child's and families routine, habits, special needs, and ways of communicating

define intake interview

interview conducted when a child is admitted to a center

define body awareness

knowing where one's body is in space and learning its capabilities.

define gender identity

part of self-concept. how a child perceives of himself or herself as a boy or girl.

define cultural identity

part of self-concept. relates to everything you do.

define self-esteem

personal assessment of positive worth

Build strong _________ with families that foster trust and mutual respect.

relationships

define initiative

sense of purposefulness and effectiveness.

Too much ____, and the release of related hormones, over a long period of time lead to problems with ______ - _____________.

stress; self-regulation.

define self-calming devices

techniques such as thumb sucking that infants may use to calm themselves.

define dual language learners

term that includes children whose home language is not English, but monolingual English-speaking children who can learn another language in child care programs.

Define resiliency

the ability to overcome adversity in an adaptive manner.

define self-image

the picture a person has of himself or herself

Define social referencing

the process of using another persons emotional reaction to a situation as a bias for deciding ones own reaction.

define self-actualization

the sense of self direction that brings about an extension and maturing of a personality.

define trust

to feel confident and secure within a relationship