Infection prep u

The nurse is preparing to administer a sulfonamide to a client when the client states, "I woke up this morning with a lot of sores in my mouth." What is the nurse's next best action?

"I'm going to contact your health care provider before I administer your medication." The nurse should withhold the medication and notify the health care provider when a client develops an adverse reaction. In this case, the client developed numerous mouth sores overnight so it must be addressed before proceeding with medication administration. The other responses do not state that the medication should be withheld.

A client has been taking oral amoxicillin to treat otitis media for the past 6 days. The client has told the nurse that "my ear is now back to normal" and asks about stopping the antibiotics. How should the nurse respond?

"That's excellent that you're feeling better, but it's important to keep taking the antibiotics until they're all finished." The client should take the full course of antibiotics and not discontinue them, even if the otitis media seems to be improving. Stopping prematurely can cause antibiotic resistance.

A client has been prescribed doxycycline. Which teaching instruction is a priority with this medication?

Avoid sun exposure The administration of doxycycline increases photosensitivity, which is a common side effect. This sensitivity makes damage to the skin a higher risk than normal. Avoidance of sexual activity is not taught. The medication should not be administered with an antacid; the administration of an antacid will result in diminished absorption of the medication. The doxycycline tablets should not be chewed since they are formulated to be dissolved in the presence of a liquid.

A patient diagnosed with acute primary HIV infection is in the clinic. What treatment should be initiated for this patient?

Combination antiretroviral therapy People with acute primary HIV infection should be treated with combination antiretroviral therapy to suppress virus replication to levels below the limit of detection of sensitive plasma HIV RNA assays.

A nurse is required to administer an anti-infective drug to a patient. The nurse knows that which of the following tests need to be conducted before administering the first dose of an anti-infective drug to the patient?

Culture tests The nurse should check whether culture tests are conducted before the first dose of drug is administered to the client. Ulcer tests and stool tests are not required to be conducted before administering the first dose of an anti-infective drug to the client. The nurse has to ensure that urinalysis is conducted before the administration of the drug but not specifically before the first dose of the anti-infective drug.

A client is admitted to the healthcare facility with complaints of pain on urination that is secondary to a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse documents this finding as which of the following?

Dysuria Dysuria means painful voiding. Pain is often associated with UTIs and is felt as a burning sensation during urination. Polyuria is the formation and excretion of excessive amounts of urine in the absence of a concurrent increase in fluid intake. Voiding during normal sleeping hours is called nocturia. Hematuria refers to blood in the urine.

The pharmacology instructor is discussing ways to decrease adverse effects on clients taking aminoglycosides. Which would the instructor include?

Keeping the client well hydrated Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic. Keeping the client adequately hydrated (by increasing daily fluid intake to two to three liters) helps decrease the risk of adverse effects related to renal function. Renal function tests should be performed regularly during aminoglycoside therapy.

A client who is 32 weeks pregnant has been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The nurse would immediately question any prescription for a sulfonamide based on what risk?

Sulfonamides can cause a life-threatening toxicity for the fetus. Systemic sulfonamides are contraindicated during late pregnancy, lactation, and in children younger than 2 months of age. If a fetus or young infant receives a sulfonamide by placental transfer, in breast milk, or by direct administration, the drug displaces bilirubin from binding sites on albumin. As a result, bilirubin may accumulate in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia) and central nervous system (kernicterus) and cause life-threatening toxicity. Sulfonamides are sometimes used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Tetracyclines can cause tooth discoloration in young children.

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for an elderly client with osteoporosis. Which instruction about a calcium supplement should the nurse include?

Take the supplement with meals or with orange juice Calcium supplements should be taken with meals or with a beverage high in vitamin C for increased absorption. Calcium supplements are taken daily, not weekly. There are no special instructions about staying upright when taking calcium supplements.

The proliferation of Clostridium difficile causes:

antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Normal intestinal flora inhibit the growth of Clostridium difficile. When broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially third-generation cephalosporins, are administered, normal flora is altered and C. difficile can proliferate and release toxins that cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

A critical care nurse is caring for a client taking aminoglycosides. The dosage may need to be adjusted if the nurse finds monitored changes in what system?

renal function Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic. Renal function should be monitored to determine whether dosage should be adjusted, particularly in clients with existing renal dysfunction. Lung, intestinal and cardiac function are not affected by aminoglycosides.