Infections of the Urinary Tract

A male patient reports dysuria, urgency, and frequent urination. Urinalysis reveals bacteriuria. Which treatment should the nurse expect to implement for this patient?

Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone is used to treat bacterial urinary tract infections.

A patient presents with urinary pain and urgency but no systemic symptoms. Urinalysis indicates a bacteria count of 103 CFU/mL. The patient's chart indicates no coexisting obstruction or health concern. However, the patient has been seen for urinary tract infections (UTIs) five times in the last year. Which antibiotic should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe for this patient?

Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin is used to treat complicated UTIs and for patients with frequently recurring UTIs.

A female patient presents with urinary frequency and dysuria. The nurse notes white blood cells in the urine and bacteriuria. What patient education is necessary to prevent future infections? Select all that apply.

Continue taking the medication. Patients with urinary tract infections should be taught to continue taking antibiotics until the full course is complete. Obtain necessary follow-up care. Patients with urinary tract infections should be taught about the appropriate follow-up care. Void immediately after sex. Female patients should be taught to void immediately after sex to prevent urinary stasis and urinary tract infections Wear loose-fitting pants and underwear. Loose-fitting pants and underwear should be worn to maintain a clean, dry perineal area.

The nurse is caring for a patient being treated with ciprofloxacin for a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessment finding would be most concerning to the nurse?

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness CVA tenderness indicates kidney involvement and worsening infection. This finding would be concerning to the nurse.

A patient presents with suprapubic pain, fever, and chills. The nurse notes heart rate of 112 beats/min, blood pressure of 146/88 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation of 100%. Which assessment findings would be most concerning?

Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count An elevated WBC count indicates infection and would be most concerning to the nurse.

A patient presents with nausea and vomiting with fatigue, headache, and extreme thirst. The nurse notes tenderness over the left flank, pyuria, and a white blood cell count of 15. What collaborative care is a priority for this patient? Select all that apply.

Hospitalization The patient's symptoms indicate pyelonephritis. Patients with pyelonephritis often require hospitalization for treatment. Intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy The patient's symptoms indicate pyelonephritis. Patients with pyelonephritis require IV antibiotic therapy. Intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation The patient's symptoms indicate pyelonephritis. Patients with pyelonephritis require IV fluid resuscitation.

A patient presents with chlamydia-associated urethritis. What patient education is necessary to prevent spread of the disease?

Report infection to sexual partners. The nurse should teach patients with sexually transmitted urethritis to refer their sex partners for evaluation and testing if they had sexual contact in the 60 days preceding the onset of the patient's symptoms or diagnosis.

A patient who is 5'5" and 180 lb is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient reports drinking 50 ounces of water a day and regular bowel movements and urination throughout the day. Which additional information should the nurse provide to the patient to help prevent future infections?

Tell patient to increase water intake to 90 ounces per day. The patient should be taught to increase fluid intake to at least 90 ounces per day.

A patient presents with complaints of dysuria, flank pain, pyuria. Urinalysis reveals 4+ bacteria in the urine. Match the parts of the urinary tract with the symptom the patient may experience.

Urethra Dysuria Bladder Pyuria and 4+ bacteria Kidneys Flank pain

A patient diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis is treated with a full course of ampicillin. The patient asks whether he needs to be doing anything else to treat the infection, even though the symptoms have resolved. What is the appropriate response from the nurse?

"Continue to increase oral fluid intake even if symptoms have resolved." Patients should be taught to continue to increase fluid intake to flush the kidneys and bladder and prevent recurrence of infection.

Which conditions may put a patient at risk for developing a fungal urinary tract infection (UTI)?

AIDS diagnosis AIDS leads to compromised immunity and can increase the risk for fungal UTI. Renal failure Renal failure increases the risk for fungal UTI because of impaired immunity and prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who complains of cloudy urine. Urinalysis indicates a bacteria count of 5 × 102 CFU/mL. The nurse understands that which treatment is most appropriate for this patient?

Oral nitrofurantoin therapy Oral antibiotics should be administered to patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Urinary stones contribute to the development of which urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Pyelonephritis Urinary stones contribute to the development of pyelonephritis as a result of associated urinary retention and damage to the kidney

A patient presents with a fever of 102° F, fatigue, nausea, and urinary urgency. On percussion during physical examination, the nurse notes costovertebral tenderness on the left side. Urinalysis indicates bacteriuria. Which provider order would the nurse implement first?

Administer intravenous (IV) ampicillin. The patient's symptoms indicate pyelonephritis. The nurse would administer a broad-spectrum IV antibiotic.

Which urinary symptoms would indicate to the nurse that a urinary tract infection (UTI) has progressed to renal failure?

Oliguria Oliguria is decreased production of urine and can indicate renal failure. Flank pain Flank pain would indicate that damage to the kidneys has occurred and the UTI may have progressed to renal failure.

A patient presents with fever, chills, and dysuria with increased urgency. Urinalysis reveals a bacteria count of 105 CFU/mL. The patient has no history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and is otherwise healthy. Which treatment is most appropriate for this patient?

Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) The patient's symptoms indicate uncomplicated UTI. Oral TMP/SMX is the most appropriate treatment.

A patient presents with a urinary tract infection (UTI) that has not spread beyond the bladder. Which classification of UTI describes this kind of infection?

Uncomplicated UTI A UTI that has not spread beyond the bladder is described as an uncomplicated UTI.

Which infections of the urinary tract may manifest systemically as symptoms of fever, chills, and flank pain?

Upper urinary tract infection (UTI) Upper UTIs involve the kidneys and often present with fevers, chills and flank pain. Acute pyelonephritis Acute pyelonephritis is often caused by infection and is accompanied by fever, chills, and flank pain.