Infectious Disease

Enterobiasis Pinworm:

: Intense, perianal itching. Discomfort, general irritability, restlessness, poor sleep, bed wetting, distractibility, and short attention span. Female: may migrate to vagina & urethra. Hand to mouth contact.

Polio Myelitis

Abortive or in apparent. Fever, uneasiness, sore throat, HA, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain-lasts few days-few hours. Nonparalytic: same as above but more severe w/pain, stiffness in neck, back & legs. Paralytic: initial course similar to Nonparalytic followed by recovery and then signs of CNS paralysis. Enterovirus type 1-3

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Atrophic Rhinitis Early Signs: lacrimation and shortened, deeply wrinkled snout

CMV colitis Seen are the owl eyes inclusions

Bloody diarrhea in an immunocompromised pt Dx?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Bovine Liver Abscess

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Calf Diptheria

Yes

Can HHV8 be sexually transmitted?

Yes, as long as their CD4 count is greater than 200

Can you give the MMR vaccine to HIV infected pts?

No

Can you give the MMR vaccine to pregnant pts?

Bartonella spp

Cat Scratch Fever

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Catarrhal -begins with URI x 1-2 weeks-dry, hacking cough becomes severe. Paroxysmal stage-cough most often occurs at night & consists of short rapid coughs followed by inspiration w/ high-pitched crowing (whoop) During paroxysms, cheek becomes flushed & cyanotic, eyes bulge, and tongue protrudes. Coughing continues until mucous plug is dislodged-vomiting frequently follows last 4-6 weeks followed by convalescent stage. Bordatella pertussis

Yes

Does clindamycin cover anaerobes?

No

Does clindamycin cover gram negatives?

Yes

Does clindamycin cover gram positive?

Smallpox

Eradicated virus that was contagious, disfiguring, and often deadly.

Polyarticular arthritis in the hands, knees, and ankles Non specific sx Some will have the slapped cheek rash, but most will have a nonspecific rash

How does parvovirus B19 infxn manifest in adults?

Same as in children except that adults, mostly women, develop arthralgias and arthritis

How does rubella manifest in adolescents and adults?

Low grade fever, posterior LAD Maculopapular rash that starts at the head and spreads downward without confluence. Spares the palms and soles Conjunctivitis Coryza Forschheimer spots

How does rubella manifest in children?

By clinical picture or bx to be sure Be careful with bx as these lesions are very vascular and tend to bleed

How is bacillary angiomatosis dx?

Typically a few days and is self resolving The arthralgias last up to a month

How long do sx of rubella last?

First trimester

Infection during which trimester of pregnancy is associated with congenital rubella?

Candidiasis (Thrush):

Inflamed areas with white exudate. Bleeds easily-pruritic. Candia albicans. Fungus. Treat with Nystatin.

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Irregularly staining, long, non-branching filamentous forms

Live attenuated

Is rubella a live or dead vaccine?

Strep pneumo

Most common microbe cause of pneumonia in an HIV infected pt?

Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus)

Ovine abortion

Exanthema Subitum (Roseola) Sixth Disease

Persistent, high fever, 3-4 days in well child. Precipitous drop in temp-to normal w/ appearance of rash. Discrete rose-pink macules. Or maculopapules first on trunk & then neck face & extremities. Nonpruritic, fade on pressure, last 1-2 days. Human herpes virus type 6

TMP SMX

Post transplant pts should receive what abx ppx?

Mumps

Predromal stage: fever, HA, malaise, & anorexia x 24. Followed by earache, chewing, Pariotitis by 3 day parotid gland enlarges & reaches maximum size in 1-3 days w/ tenderness & pain. Paramyxovirus.

Scarlet Fever

Prodromal abrupt high fever, pulse increased out of proportion to fever, vomiting, HA, chills, malaise, abdominal pain. Exanthema: tonsils enlarged, edematous & covered in patches w/ exudate, pharynx is edematous & red, tongue covered with papillae. Rash appears 12 hours later-red pin head lesions spread rapidly but absent on face. Group AB hemolytic strep

Rubeola (Red Measles)

Prodromal fever, malaise, 24 hours later-coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplick spots (small, irregular red spots w/ minute bluish-white center first seen on buccal mucosa-opposite molars-2 days before rash. Rash appears 3-4 days later. Begins on face-spreads downwards.

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Rash in 3 stages-slapped face-disappears in 1-4 days. Maculopapular red spots appear 24 hours later-symmetrically distributed on upper & lower extremities. Rash progresses from proximal to distal surfaces & last a week or longer. Rash subsides but reappears if skin is irritated

Aeromonas hydrophila

Red-Leg Disease of Frogs: hemorrhages in leg muscles

Diptheria

Resembles cold-adherent white or gray membrane on tonsils. Lymphadenitis (bull's neck) Potential airway obstruction. Cornebacterium diphtheriae

Hand foot mouth disease

Sore throat and fever-blisters appear two days later. Spreads through coughing, sneezing, and infected stool. Enterovirus.

Lyme Disease

Stage I: red-ringed rash 3-31 days after tick bite. Stage 2: neuro, cardiac, musculoskeletal Stage 3: Pain in joints & supporting structures. Borrelia Burgdorferi

Lysis of RBCs

The cyclical fever in malaria pts corresponds to what in vivo event?

Kaposi sarcoma HHV8

This pt has AIDS and has similar lesions on his skin and mouth. Red lesions. Dx? Etiology

Bartonella henselae

This pt has HIV and a cat. What microbe caused these lesions?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Thrush of the Hoof

Bordetella avium

Turkey Coryza

Verruca Warts

Well circumscribed papule with rough texture-human papilloma virus

Anemia Thrombocytopenia

What abnormalities are seen on CBC in a pt with malaria?

Congenital deafness and glaucoma Sensorineural deafness MR Cardiac abnormalities

What are congenital manifestations of rubella infxn?

Forschheimer spots Rubella

What are these spots called? What dz are they associated with? (Image needed - Forschheimer spots)

A punch to someone's mouth resulting in a hand laceration

What is a fight bite?

Augmentin

What is the DOC for human or dog bites?

Staph aureus

What is the only microbe that can cause post viral URI necrotizing pneumonia with multiple cavitary abscesses?

Wait it out. Sx disappear within 2-3 weeks

What is the tx for parvovirus B19 infxn in adults?

Anaerobic, gram positive, gram negative

What microbes are implicated in fight bites?

Staph aureus H flu Strep pneumo

What microbes are most likely to blame for a bacterial superinfection in the lungs?

Post infectious encephalomyelitis

What neurological complication, though rare, can develop within a week of the viral exanthema of rubella?

Plasmodium vivax, ovale, malariae, falciparum

What parasites cause malaria?

Immunocompromised

What population gets bacillary angiomatosis?

A viral URI

What type of illness typically precedes a bacterial superinfection in the lung parenchyma?

Single stranded positive sense viral RNA

What type of microbe causes rubella?

Anopheles

What type of mosquito causes malaria?

HHV8

What virus causes Kaposi sarcoma?

Mostly in the RBC as trophozoites

Where do malarial parasites reside in the body?

Rubella German Measles: prodromal:

absent in children, present in adults. Consists of low grade fever, HA, malaise, anorexia, mild conjunctivitis, coryza, sore throat, cough, lymphadenopathy lasts 1-5 days. Subsides 1 day after rash appears-on face and rapidly spreads downward to neck, arms, trunk & legs by end of 1st day. Body covered w/ discrete, pinkish, red, Maculopapular exanthema-disappears in same order.

Tinea capitis (Ringworm)

circular patches on head-lesions beginning on scalp and possibly progressing to neck or hairline. Alopecia around lesions. Trichophyton tonsurans. Microsporum canis. Circular red patches on body. Clearing beginning in the middle of the patches and then proceeding to the edges. Usually not bilateral. Trichophyton rubru & mmetagrophytes. Fungus. Treat with Griseofulvin-give with milk or peanut butter

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

erythema, vesicles, papules that are weeping, oozing, crusting. Lesions on cheeks, scalp, hands and feet. Etiology unknown-hereditary hx of allergies

Pediculosis (Head Lice):

generalized itching on head or genital area-rash-scratching can cause sores to become infected w/ bacteria or other fungi. Visible nits. Hatch in about a week/30 days. Body lice and public lice.

Histophilus somni

in cattle Severe Neurological Signs

Avibacterium paragallinarum

infectious Coryza of Chickens

Varicella

prodromal-slight fever, anorexia, malaise x 24 hours. Highly pruritic rash. Macule→papule. Vesicle surrounded by erthymateous base-becomes umbilicated & cloudy-breaks easily & forms crust. Starts on body & spreads to face & extremities. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Impetigo

red macule becomes vesicular and ruptures. Thick, crusted, amber colored exudate "golden crusted "spreads easily-direct contact. Pruritus-staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria

Dichelobacter nodosus

thick straight or slightly curved, long and buldge at one or both ends

Cold sores

vesicles grouped on inflamed skin usually around lips or genitalia. Burning, painful sensation. Vesicles dry, skin exfoliates and heals within 8-10 days. Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSVI)