INFO 1002 Terms

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

SQL commands that allow you to insert or update records and extract information from records for viewing

Integers

The set of whole numbers and their opposites

service

Windows process that does not require any sort of user interaction and thus runs in the background

Base 2

another term for binary

power-on self-test (POST)

when the computer starts up, it performs this tasks to check that the main components work

Address Information

where data is stored in memory

Task Manager

A Windows utility that shows programs currently running and permits you to exit nonresponsive programs when you click End Task.

String

A collection of characters

Remote desktop

A connection mode that enables a user to access any network system from their workstation and perform tasks on the remote system.

Character

a sing textual character, which consumes one byte of storage

Container

a special type of identifier that can reference multiple values or elements

device driver

small piece of code that is loaded during the book sequence of an OS, which provides access to a device or hardware from the OS Kernel

heat sink

A piece of metal, with cooling fins, that can be attached to or mounted on an integrated chip (such as the CPU) to dissipate heat.

program

A sequence of instructions that specifies to a computer actions and computations to be performed.

Super VGA (SVGA)

A standard set by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) for a CRT monitor that includes a minimum refresh rate of 70 Hz and a minimum resolution of 800 x 600.

Pseudo code

A structured, code-like language that can be used to describe an algorithm.

constant

A value that does not change

Access Control

Creating one or more barriers around a resource such that only authenticated users can gain access. Each resource has an Access Control List (ACL) specifying what users can do. Resources often have different access levels (for example, being able to read a file or being able to read and edit it).

Disk Management

Initializes disks, creates partitions, and formats partitions

Standard User

User accounts that are members of the local Users group and not the local Administrators group. They have a restricted ability to configure system settings.

Laptop

a computer that integrates the display, system components, and input/output devices within a single, portable case.

Server

a computer that provides services to other computers

Network Interface Card (NIC)

a device that allows the computer to join a wired network with other nearby computers by connecting the device to the same Ethernet switch

interpreter

a feature that converts code into machine cod at runtime

query language

a language designed to retrieve specific records from a data set

markup language

a language that uses tags to annotate the information in a document

Firmware

a low-level operating system

digital product

a product sold or distributed as binary computer data

Microprossesor

a programmable integrated circuit

desktop

a user interface component that contains several tools to help you start and switch between software applications

object-oriented programming (OOP)

a way of designing code that creates recognizable things within code, making them interact through defined methods

intellectual property

a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Internet of Things (IoT)

a world in which many different types of things are embedded with processing and networking functionality

Virtual Memory

an area on the hard disk allocated to contain pages of memory

Variable

an object that contains a value that can change during the execution of a program

Shell

basic interface between the user and the computer

Hard Disk Drive and Solid State Drive

component that provides persistent storage

Unicode

data representation format that encodes the widest range of charactrs

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

describes a condition that occurs when the same task is carried out repeatedly for a long period, making use of the same muscles continuously

gaming console

describes a device that contains many of the same components as a workstation, but designed to be operating by a gaming pad rather than a keyboard and mouse

Smartphone

describes a device with roughly the same functionality as a personal computer that can be held in one hand

taskbar

describes a user interface component typically positioned at the bottom of the desktop, this tool is principally used to manage open windows

original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)

describes companies producing PCs and laptops

ergonomics/human factors

describes the study of factors affecting the performance of people at work

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

easy to use, intuitive interface for a computer OS

patent

legal protection for some kind of invention

Hexadecimal

notations system that supports presenting the largest numbers using the fewest digits

Open Source

refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify

Applications software

software that helps a user perform a desired task

Freeware

software that is available free of charge

schema

structure of a database in terms of fields and relations

Information Technology (IT) system

system that processes, stores, and transfers information

drag and drop

the process of holding down the main mouse button, moving the move to a new target location, and then releasing the button

mouse

the tool used to select and move objects on the desktop and in windows

notification area

the user interface component that displays the current time and icons for programs that run without a window, such as antivirus software, the volume control, battery meter, etc

Start screen

the user interface component used to manage apps and PC settings as well as to launch desktop software applications in windows 10

notational system

used to represent different quantities or characters.