INFORMATION LITERACY Study
Why is "cutting and pasting" considered plagiarism?
information is copied from the original source and pasted into another document without assigning credit to the author.
currency
information should be current; was the information published recently? does the author cite current sources?
can plagiarism occur only when writing a paper?
no, it can also occur when giving a presentation, writing music, using an image from the web, or writing a memo at work
are all journals peer reviewed?
no, not necessarily
is all information on the internet permanent?
no, some are well maintained and updated but other become dated or disappear without notice.
is information on the internet systematically organized?
no, there are too many web pages for any single directory service or search engine to organize and index.
are the library and the web distinctively different things?
no, there is a middle ground idea of the "library on the web". Many libraries have websites which organize info. and provide access to collections of quality resources-such as excelsior college library
is the internet a government organization?
no. There is not one particular group that owns the internet.
is email a private form of communication
no. messages can easily be copied and sent to others
Cora is using a search engine to find organic results. What's she looking for?
non-paid-for search results
Organic search engine results
non-paid-for search results
Why are notecards important in keeping research organized?
notecards are like puzzle pieces. You can move them around until you find the right fit for your information. - avoid plagiarism - help get your point across to audience
writing numbers: APA
numerals express numbers below ten; words express numbers ten or greater; numerals express times, dates, or ages
Perdue University's Owl
offers support for all facets of writing from basic grammar and punctuation to MLA and APA citation and documentation styles
where can older newspaper articles be found?
often at a local library; newspaper company-for a charge
library databases
often the best place to find the resources needed for educational and professional research; often available by paid subscription from a library.
how often can you obtain a free credit report?
once every 12 months from each credit bureau
static IP address
one that is permanently assigned to you for as long as you maintain service
In boolean logic, the term AND will find...
only the records that have ALL the words and phrases
how can you monitor your credit reports year round?
order your report from a different credit bureau every four months
Why should you stay organized when doing a research paper?
organization helps you... - quickly find a useful site again - cite your sources properly - avoid plagiarism
what online tool can help me with brainstorming and organizing my ideas?
organize my resources page in the excelsior college library has "thought organizers" available
primary source
original materials; from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation; original materials on which other research is based; first formal appearance of results in physical, print, or electronic format; present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information
News channels (CNN, FOX, NEWS) are best used for:
original quotes, ideas, video recordings
what must a work be compromise of in order to be protected by copyright?
original work; creative, some minimal degree must be involved in making the work; a work of authorship: literary, musical, dramatic, choreographic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, audiovisual, architectural; fixed: must be written on a piece of paper, saved on a computer hard drive, or recorded on an audio or video tape
Suggested keywords/ related searches
other terms you can use to search for you topics
Sponsored links are the same as
paid advertisements
Sponsored listings/ advertisements
paid-for search results
Define paraphrase
paraphrasing someone else's words, sentence structure, or ideas restated in your own words and sentence structure
After years of tinkering, Carrie perfects her spillproof baby cup design, the first of its kind. To protect her invention, she should apply for a
patent
how are scholarly/academic sources juried?
peer review; referee process
what is the review/acceptance process that some journals use called?
peer reviewed or refereed
what are subject headings applicable to?
people; events; places; topics
what are magazines and journals called?
periodicals because they are issued on a regular or periodic basis
Which of the following would you consult if you were looking for original research, current and developing trends, and experts within a specific field?
periodicals or trade journals
what are some sources for information?
personal experiences; books; articles; library databases; expert opinions; encyclopedias; internet
what do all media messages try to do?
persuade us to believe or to do something
Italics: APA
place titles of longer works, such as books and journals, in italics in both text and references list
quotation marks: APA
placed around all directly quoted material AND all article or chapter titles when mentioned in text.
Which of the following consists of a simple word, phrase, or question?
plain language search
Which of the following is the most common way to search any website or search engine?
plain language search
subject headings
predetermined words identifying or describing a particular subject, making it easier to locate when searching a database or library catalog.
Which of the following would you read to get an idea of a source's purpose and viewpoint?
preface or abstract
what is self plagiarism?
presenting your own previously published work as if it were new.
MLA and APA are...
primary citation methods used in college-level research.
Blogs are examples of
primary sources
what are the best library resources to use when starting research?
print; electronic
how might the information in a library be available?
print; electronic; microfilm; video; CDs; web
The Penn Foster Library is best searched by
program, course, assignment
patent
protect inventions and processes and exclude others from trying to market, produce and sell them for a period of time
general encyclopedias
provide concise overviews on a wide variety of topics.
What are databases and what are they used for?
provide organized info about related subjects NOT search engines Search only info contained within database and generally not the entire internet like a search engine does
book review
provides a descriptive, evaluative discussion of a recently published book; can appear in a journal, magazine or newspaper; may help me decide whether to use the book in my research
NoodleTools is a website that
provides educational tools, software, and information for students
who owns the copyrighted work?
usually the creator
Audio files
various types of audio files for music, speeches, and academic lectures can be found at fee based and free websites that have mp3 or .wav files. Another type of file that produces audio and video is called podcasts, which are usually free to download. Some of these audio files are accompanied by video files. Examples of websites where audio files are available are iTunes and Napster. Often the applications are free to download but the audio/music content must be purchased.
Where can books be found at Excelsior online?
via the ebrary database
Blog
web pages for communication online that permits information to be posted and immediately viewed by others. Information is added in order by date and older posts are often archived by month. Generally, this is a free service you subscribe to.
what are key questions to ask when looking for examples in a style guide?
what type of material am I trying to cite: book, journal, government document, chart or graph?; what format is the resource in? : print, electronic
invisible web/deep web
what you cannot find using search engines or subject directories
when is it not the best idea to use the web?
when beginning academic research, unless using the web resources of the library
when is it important to use connector words?
when combining ideas
when should a journal be used?
when doing scholarly research; when you need recent and reliable scholarly information; to find out what has been studied on your topic; to find references that point to other relevant research
phishing
when internet fraudsters impersonate a business to trick you into giving out your personal information.
when should an encyclopedia be used?
when looking for background information on a topic; when trying to find key ideas, important dates or concepts
when should a book be used?
when looking for lots of information on a topic; to get a broad overview or background information about your topic; to put your topic in context with other important issues; to find historical information; to find summaries of research to support an argument
which of the following is a good example of narrowing a topic by asking more targeted questions?
when researching the effects of drinking soda, you decide to research the effects of drinking only diet soda
when should "and" be used?
when searching for articles containing two or more ideas, connect the words with "and" to narrow a search
What is an example of cookies?
when you bank electronically and you ask the computer to remember your username and password for your next visit. This eliminates you from having to put this information in each time you visit the site. The software that retains your info is the cookies.
Define self-plagiarism
when you submit one assignment for more than one course
what questions should be asked when looking at different types of information sources?
which sources can be found electronically; which sources guide me to other information on my topic; which sources would i use when writing a research paper; is this a popular or scholarly source
popular sources
widely available; usually cheaper to acquire; can be understood by almost every person with basic literacy skills; tend to promulgate known ideas and theories; works may be professionally edited; do not go through a jury process
popular sources
widely available; usually cheaper to acquire; can be understood by almost every person with basic literacy skills; no technical writing tend to promulgate known ideas and theories; works may be professionally edited; do not go through a peer review process
where does citing resources happen?
within a writing and at the end of the paper, sources need to be cited in both places
where are the two different places that resources need to be cited when writing a paper?
within the body or text of the paper; at the end of the paper
Why would plus (+) and minus (-) signs be used in an Internet search?
word following + is mandatory word following - is to be excluded from search
Truncation, in an Internet search, can be used to help with
words that are spelled differently, but mean the same thing
What's the correct term for a list of resources in MLA?
works cited
what if I find out the library owns the source that my article is in?
write down the call number and go the shelf in the library to view it. It may also be available in multiple formats such as online as well as in print.
what is an example of netiquette?
writing an email message in all capital letters is considered a breach of netiquette because it looks like you are shouting.
how can you obtain a credit report?
www.anualcreditreport.com; download the anual credit report request form and mail in request.; or call: 877-322-8228
World Wide Web
www: the world wide web or the web is a protocol for accessing the internet. It is a network of internet servers allowing documents formatted in hypertext markup language-HTML- to be linked to other documents, graphics, audio, etc.
Do you need to cite a source when you're paraphrasing?
yes -- you're still using that author's words and ideas
does copyright law offer any limitations on the protections and rights?
yes. its called fair use; the law tries to balance between the rights of the owner and the interests of the user.
can connecting words be mixed within a search?
yes. very complex searches can be created using a mix of connector words.
what is the key idea to using the library for information?
you are getting quality over quantity
what if the author has died and you want to utilize their work?
you have to obtain permission from the author's heirs to find out who inherited the copyright rights
what if you want to use information that is copyrighted but it does not meet the fair use guidelines?
you may seek permission from the copyright holder to use the material
Wildcards in an Internet search use
characters or symbols that replace one letter of a word
what is excelsior college library's multidisciplinary database called?
academic source complete
Advanced search
can be used to help structure a search more efficiently. Often can guide you through different ways to retrieve needed information
A/an _______ is used to organize information into a hierarchical structure, alphabetically, numerically, or thematically.
directory
Is there a filter on the internet that prevents someone from placing material on the web?
no, almost anyone can publish on the web
is the fair use guidelines clear cut?
no, because they can be interpreted differently by whoever is examining the specific situation.
Which majors, programs, and courses use MLA?
English Art History Graphic Arts Music Appreciation
Define intellectual property. What does it include?
"an idea, invention, or process that derives from the work of the mind or intellect." Copyright, trademark, patent
verifiability
can the author's claims be verified? is there a bibliography of sources? are people quoted by name, or anonymously? are methodologies explained in detail?
Which symbols are used in a truncation search?
* $ ! # ?
Fair Use does NOT...
- Allow you to make additional copies of the article for other people to use - Apply to photographs, which cannot be legally copied - Allow someone to copy an entire book or periodical
Penn Foster's online library provides the following services:
- access to more than 3500 links to articles, ebooks, websites - info that's regularly updated and organized by subject and course of study - tips on how to cite sources, evaluate info on the internet, and write your research paper - "ask a librarian"
List the key points of Penn Foster's Academic Integrity Policy
- not tolerated - students will be subject to disciplinary action (failing grade to expulsion - students will be reported to Academic Standards Committee
How do you introduce a quote in APA format?
- use a signal phrase, along w/ year of publication in parentheses - use quotation marks to indicate quoted material - close quotation by noting page # of quoted material
Match
Entries in the database are matched when users conduct searches.
Parts of a search engine
1. query 2. additional search types 3. # of indexed results 4. Sponsored listings/ advertisements 5. Organic search engine results 6. Suggested keywords/ related searches
microfiche
A 4-by-6-inch sheet of film used to archive periodicals in reduced form.
List the top domain names that are in website addresses and state what they each mean (.gov, .edu, and so on).
.com = commercial .gov = govt .org = nonprofit .edu = educational .au = australia .ca = canada .jp = japan
Margins: APA
1 inch at top, bottom, left, and right of each page
List the questions that need to be asked to determine the suitability of a source.
1. who authored the source? 2. why was the source created? 3. what are the source's bibliographic citations? 4. who is the audience? 5. when was the source published? 6. how accurate is the source? 7. what is the top-level domain name of its URL?
Typeface: APA
12 point Times new Roman font
Federal Trade Commission
FTC: the government agency authorized to enforce laws to protect consumer privacy and prevent abuse of information. It initiates programs to monitor commercial activities.
What information is not required in a bibliographic citation?
? country of publication
The restaurant Joe's Tasty Burgers just created a new hamburger that they call "The Joe Special." They want to protect the name of the burger so that no other restaurants can claim the name for themselves. What protection will they need on the name "The Joe Special"?
?Trademark
Netscape Navigator
A World Wide Web browser developed by Netscape Communications.
reference book
A book designed to be consulted for specific information rather than to be read from cover to cover. Dictionaries, encyclopedias, and indexes to periodicals areall examples.
abstract
A brief summary of an article, book, chapter, or other publication. Databases and indexes often have abstracts that sum up the article so that you can decide if you want to print or download it.
Library of Congress Classification
A classification scheme devised for the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., now used by most research-level libraries in the United States. It's based on letters of the alphabet (allowing for a larger number of fundamental divisions of knowledge than the Dewey system) with subdivisions using letters, numbers, and decimal points.
database
A collection of information organized for rapid retrieval.
current periodicals
A collection of the most recent issues of magazines, journals, or newspapers that a library receives.
online catalog
A computer database that contains records for the publications owned by a library. The ____ provides author, title, place, date of publication, and the call number of these publications.
File Transfer Protocol
FTP: Protocol for exchanging files on the internet. Used for uploading and downloading files to the internet
The research process begins with which of the following?
A detailed question about the topic
hyperlink
A graphic or text string which, when clicked, opens a new Web page or jumps to a new location in the current page.
record
A group of related fields treated as a single unit for ease of storage and retrieval. Bibliographic records typically include fields for title, author, and publication information.
Delilah is researching to discover which brand of cell phone is most popular with people her age. which of the following would be the best place to start her research.
refereed journal
A journal in which articles have been evaluated by an independent expert(s) in the field of research before acceptance for publication.
professional journal
A journal that's written for a particular professional audience such as lawyers, teachers, doctors, or accountants.
reference librarian
A librarian who helps people locate information and materials in the reference section of the library.
bibliography
A list of books, articles, or other published writings on a particular subject. may be separate publications that recommend readings on a given topic, or they may be found as a list of references at the end of books, chapters, articles, etc.
index
A list of citations to articles or books, arranged by subject, author, or title. may be in print format, electronic format, or both. may also refer to a section in the back of a book that lists the subjects and topics covered within that book.
magazine
A periodical, generally with a more "popular" style and presentation than a research journal. Usually, for a general audience, and edited by an employee rather than an independent board of scholars.
journal
A publication that's issued at regular intervals and that contains written articles. Journals are usually written for more specialized or scholarly audiences than magazines.
periodical
A publication that's issued on a regular basis. Journal, magazine, serial, and periodical are terms often used interchangeably.
electronic journal
A publication, often scholarly, that's made accessible in a computerized format and distributed over the Internet or through a commercial periodical database.
almanac
A publication, usually an annual, containing useful facts and statistical information.
bibliographic record
A record that describes an item in the collection and includes the call number, author, title, subject, publication information, etc.
microfilm
A reel of film used to archive periodicals in reduced form.
encyclopedia
A reference source containing information on a variety of topics. This information may be supplied in short paragraphs or in lengthy articles that include citations to other works on the same topic.
dictionary
A reference source that provides meanings, pronunciations, and spellings of words.
full text
A resource that provides access to the complete text of an item.
Web search
A search conducted to identify and retrieve information housed on the World Wide Web, accomplished using one of the hierarchical subject guides or search engines available through a Web browser. The search syntax used, the set of data being searched, and the retrieval parameters are different for each search engine.
meta-search engine
A search engine that sends a request for information to several other search engines and compiles the results in one list.
subject search
A search for information by topic (as opposed to author or title).
online search
A search of a computer database for citations to books or journal articles.
keyword
A significant word in the title, abstract, or text of a work.
entry
A simple listing of a publication in a catalog or index. Works often have three types of entries: author, title, and subject.
Web page
A single HTML document; if actually printed out, may be one page long or many pages long.
Web site
A site location on the World Wide Web, or a collection of interlinked documents on a Web server. Each Web site contains a home page, and may also contain additional documents and files.
wildcard
A symbol used to substitute any letter or combination of letters in a search word or phrase. The symbol used most often is an asterisk (*), but other symbols include a question mark, an exclamation mark, or a percent sign.
Signature File
A text file that you create to use at the end of your email message. Many people insert their phone number and address in the signature file that they create. Some people include quotes or images.
call number
A unique identifying number given to each item owned by a library. The call number serves to group books together according to subject in an organizational scheme.
IP (Internet Protocol) address
A unique number that identifies a specific Internet server. It's formatted as a series of numbers from 0-255 separated by periods, such as 123.45.67.89.
search term
A word or phrase input by the user to find those records on the database containing that term or phrase.
Internet
A worldwide electronic network providing access to millions of resources, some of which are free.
article
A written essay or report on a subject. Articles appear in magazines, journals, newsletters, newspapers, and encyclopedias.
Deshaun is determining which resources he needs for his research project and the best places to look for them. Which step of research process is he on? A. Step 2: Find and Retrieve Materials B. Step 4: Organize Your Information C. Step 1: Choose and Refine Your Topic D. Step 3: Evaluate Your Sources
A. Step 2: Find and Retrieve Materials
Nicholas would like to enhance his project with original quotes from the event. Which source may be useful? A. Television and video recordings of the event B. Statistical sources C. An annotated bibliography D. A subject-specific encyclopedia
A. Television and video recordings of the event
what style of documentation does excelsior use?
APA; MLA
Why should you have a library card?
Access online databases Place holds on materials Provide the library with purchasing suggestions for future materials Request resources via interlibrary loan
CD-ROM
Acronym for compact disc read-only memory; computer files on compact discs.
edition
All copies of a title issued by the same publisher on the same date.
biography
An account of a person's life.
cumulative index
An index in which several previously published indexes are combined into one book.
periodical indexes
An index to articles in magazines, journals, newspapers, and newsletters. Many are available in electronic databases.
search statement
An individual search consisting of one search term or phrase, or several terms linked with Boolean operators.
what is worldcat and what is it best used for?
An international database of libraries and their catalogs that have registered with WorldCat Great way to locate books and research from all over the United States and abroad
hit
An item identified or retrieved in a catalog or index search; many indexes will show the number of hits for a search on the screen before actually displaying the citations or documents retrieved, to allow the user to revise the search. A false hit is an item retrieved by the search statement that's not actually relevant or useful to the user.
primary source
An original source of information from someone who had firsthand experience with the information. Diaries, speeches, letters, and eyewitness accounts are a few types.
Ann is brainstorming a research topic of her own. Which step of a research process is she on?
Ann is on the first step of a research process. Brainstorming can help you choose a topic, develop an approach to a topic, or deepen your understanding of the topic's potential.
online
Any capability available or work done directly on a computer.
alphabetical
Arranged in order of the alphabet beginning with A and ending with Z.
How do you introduce a quote in MLA format?
Author Dan Ariely, " 'Everybody has the capacoty to be dishonest, and almost everybody cheats'-'but just by a little' " (qtd. in Garber 16).
What information always comes first in a citation in APA?
Author's name
What pieces of information are needed in a citation?
Author's name date of publication title of article title of magazine/journal, volume, and issue #s page #s or page range retrieved from: URL
Crawl
Automated spiders "crawl" (or systematically browse) websites and build lists of keywords.
How do you introduce a quote in APA format?
Autor Dan Ariely (as cited in Garber, 2013) states, "Everybody has the capacity to be dishonest, and almost everybody cheats"-but "just by a little" (p 16).
Evidence left behind by participants or observers is an example of what kind of resource?A. SecondaryB. PrimaryC. HearsayD. Hieroglyphics
B. Primary
bibliographic generators
Bibme, Cite this for me
Define trademark. What does its symbol look like? What does it protect?
Cover symbols, a word or words, and names used by a particular company to represent the company or a product. Whereas a copyright covers an entire work, a trademark represents and protects a brand. The symbol "TM" means the trademark is unregistered, while the symbol ® means the trademark is registered
Define copyright. What does its symbol look like? What does it protect?
Covers published and unpublished literary, scientific, and artistic works, provided that such works are in a tangible or material form. Note: Copyright protections also apply to images, text, video, sounds, and graphics found on the Web.
Basic Tasks of search engines
Crawl Index Match Locate Display
controlled vocabulary
Descriptive words added to the items in a database that make it easier for researchers to find works on a particular subject.
Which of the following is a primary source?
Diary. Primary sources are original sources of information, written by those who had firsthand experience.
Which majors, programs, and courses use APA?
Early Childhood Education Medical/Veterinary Science Biology Business Criminal Justice Paralegal Studies (when Bluebook isn't used) Nutrition Psychology Sociology
For which of the following research paper topics might you do research on Biography.com?
Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin
call number
directs you to a specific self in the library where the book you searched for can be found. Other books near the same call number should cover a similar topic
Movies
Full length feature films can be viewed/rented from many websites. There are also independent non professional short movies that can be viewed online. Websites where movies can be accessed or viewed are youtube and netflix
Safari prefers which search engine?
List the internet browsers and which search engines they prefer
Google Chrome prefers Google. Internet Explorer prefers Bing. Microsoft Edge prefers Bing. Safari prefers Google.
Which of the following is an example of a subject-specific encyclopedia?
Grolier Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
Which of the following is an example of a plain language search?
How do I create a menu for a daycare center?
what are examples of protocols?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol: http; Uniform Resource Locators: URL; Hypertext Markup Language: HTML; File Transfer Protocol: FTP
what do I do if I see that my search terms are also subject terms?
I can change the field to subject.
author search
In an electronic catalog or index, to search for an article or book by a particular author. "Author" may include persons responsible for the work, such as composers, artists, directors, etc., and organizations may also be authors ("corporate author" in library system).
online help
Information and help available via the Web. Ask a Librarian is one online help system available to Penn Foster students.
citation
Information such as author, title, number of pages, and dates, which is retrieved after performing a search in a database. Often will include an abstract.
IP address
Internet protocol address; takes the form of four sets of numbers separated by dots.; this is the number that allows you to send and receive info via the internet
Which of the following documents are considered primary sources?
Interview; raw data, diaries, letters, manuscripts, and original accounts
holdings
Items owned by the library (books, individual periodicals, volumes, etc.). "Periodical holdings" or "serial holdings" refer to the individual issues or volumes of a periodical owned by the library.
MLA
Modern Language Association
loan
Lending a book. "On loan" means the book isn't in the library because it has been borrowed.
noncirculating
Library materials that may not be checked out of the library. items include archival material, rare books, reference material, current periodicals, and other items that must be used within the library at all times.
Which of the following is defined as an application that distributes messages to subscribers on an electronic mailing list?
Listserv
Music Appreciation research projects will use the _______ style of citation.
MLA
overdue
Material that's not returned to the library by its due date is considered ____.
what is DuckDuckGo?
Metasearch engine Searches a number of crowdsourced websites including Bing, Yahoo!, and Yandex, and presents search results in order of most relevant content, rather than most popular content
Roberta is taking the final course in the fourth semester of the Veterinary Technician program. When she reads the final project instructions, she realizes she wrote a paper about the same topic in one of her second semester courses. Since she's very busy and close to finishing her degree, and since the original paper got an A, she wants to submit the same paper for her final project. Can Roberta submit the same paper?
No. Using the same assignment for more than one course is self-plagiarism
what is bing and what does it offer?
Offers related search ideas and search suggestions as you type in the search bar; can say how many results you'd like displayed on one page
An example of an almanac is
Old Farmer's
Which of the following options are available under "Filters" in Expanded Academic ASAP?
Only full text, peer-reviewed, contains images
Display
Pages are sorted and ranked by relevance/ displayed on a page (such as the number of times word(s) appear on a page).
Locate
Pages containing word(s) searched for are located
What's an example of a plain language search?
Passport renewal
What is the Expanded Academic ASAP and what kind of searches can it perform?
Penn Foster Digital Library's database of scholarly journals, magazines, and newspapers periodical index and a repository of full-text articles
microforms
Photographic or film copies of books or journals. require you to use special reader machines. store information in a reduced form.
reference/information desk
Place in a library where a librarian is available to answer questions.
Images
Professional and personal photographs and images can be found online in these main formats: JPEG, GIF, TIFF. Many websites have images available for free or at a cost. A few examples are: Google images, Flickr, and Open photo
search engines
Programs that locate information, typically associated with a sizable database.
Define patent. What does it protect?
Protect inventions and processes and exclude others from trying to market, produce, and sell them for a period of time.
government documents
Publications issued by federal, state, municipal, or foreign governments and by international government organizations. These items are often shelved separately and are arranged by an identification number assigned by the issuing agency.
Name some of the citation/reference/bibliographic generators discussed in this course
Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) A Writer's Reference by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers The Little, Brown Compact Handbook by Jane E. Aaron American Psychological Association APA Style Resources The Penn Foster Writing Center Generators: BibMe, Cite This For Me
current journal
Recent, unbound issues of a journal, periodical, or magazine.
What's the correct term for a list of resources in APA?
Reference Page
reference collection
Refers to a location in the library and also to the services and books available at that location.
item record
Represents a physical piece in the library; it consists of fixed and variable fields that are used to describe the item and to record circulation information.
field
Segments of information that make up each record in a database. For example, an author's name, the book title, and the book's publication date are all fields.
Index
Select information is sent to the search engine's database to be indexed.
bound periodicals
Several issues of a magazine or journal gathered together into a single book with a hard cover.
Web
Short for World Wide Web.
browser
Software programs that enable you to view World Wide Web documents. They "translate" HTML-encoded files into the text, images, sounds, and other features you see.
information
Something learned; facts that are gathered or a measure of the content of a message. It can be argued whether it's a product, commodity, resource, or process. It can be a sensible statement, opinion, fact, concept, or idea, or an association of statements, opinions, or ideas. It's closely associated with knowledge in that once information has been assimilated, correlated, and understood, it becomes knowledge.
HTML
Stands for Hypertext Markup Language; the coding syntax used to write World Wide Web documents, which are read by browsers.
ISSN
Stands for International Standard Serial Number; a numerical code given to a serial (periodical) that uniquely identifies it.
sarah is documenting her sources. which step of research process is she on?
Step five: cite sources
What services does the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offer?
Support of all facets of writing, including MLA and APA citation and documentation styles
Emoticons
Symbols that you type within your email or text message to convey your tone of voice. These expressions are created from different characters on your keyboard. Using emoticons can help you prevent the misunderstandings that often happen online due to a lack of nonverbal clues.
Which of the following is a secondary source?
Textbook. Secondary sources are accounts of an event written after the event took place and include articles written after the original event, books, encyclopedias, literary criticism, and textbooks.
How does the FTC stop unfair deceptive and fraudulent business practices?
The FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection: collects complaints and conducts investigations; sues companies and people that break the law; develops rules to maintain a fair marketplace; educates consumers and businesses about their rights and responsibilities.
searching
The act and process of locating information in various sources; for example, looking for a book in a library catalog, looking for articles in databases, or looking for information on the World Wide Web.
fine
The amount of money owed if a book isn't returned to the library by the due date.
hypertext
The basic concept behind the World Wide Web, whereby one resource can be linked to other relevant information elsewhere on the Web. The user can view information nonsequentially; the idea is that the information is available in much the way that humans think—by association rather than linear sequence.
Boolean operator
The conjunctions AND, OR, and NOT in logical expressions; named for mathematician George Boole (1815-1864). These terms are used to connect concepts and construct search statements in databases and on the Web.
Additional search types
The different types of information you can search for your topic, such as news, videos, and so on.
uniform resource locator (URL)
The distinct address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.
frequency
The interval at which a serial is published
loan period
The length of time that a book is permitted to be out of the library.
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
The multivolume set, is an alphabetic guide and list of the official subject headings used for searching in the library catalogs. These sets can be found in most libraries in the reference area or at locations near the library catalog.
newsgroup
The name for an electronic discussion group on USENET.
domain name
The name that identifies a particular computer on the Internet. has several parts, separated by periods and going from specific to general as one reads left to right.
World Wide Web (WWW)
The part of the Internet that contains text, graphics, video, or audio format, and is accessed using a browser.
search strategy
The plan adopted for answering a particular inquiry, or more specifically, the search statements used to answer an inquiry.
bias
The predisposition toward or preference for a particular point of view in a source, usually presented in an unfair or imbalanced manner.
stacks
The shelves on which books or bound journals are located, also considered the circulating collection within a library.
peer review
The process of obtaining impartial opinions from the research and academic community in order to ascertain whether papers submitted for publication in journals or at conferences are of a suitable standard. The opinions are sought by publishers and conference organizers, and are requested from those whose expertise and stature are similar to the author's.
protocol
The set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other. ensures that different network products or programs can work together.
. What is a search engine query?
The topic you searched for
author
The writer of a book or article. may be one person, several people, or a "corporate body" such as a government agency, professional association, or company.
Which of the following is also known as Internet address?
URL
browse
To look in a leisurely way through a library collection, book, journal, or other publication. It's also possible to browse online.
keyword search
To search an electronic catalog or index by having the program search for terms provided by the user.
What are "wildcards," and why would you use them?
Uses characters or symbols that replace one letter of a word. This is useful if a word is spelled in different ways, but still has the same meaning. * $ ! # ? ex: wom!n --> will find woman, women
What is truncation?
Uses characters or symbols to replace end letters in searches or add them to find something specific
plagiarism
Using a source of information that's not common knowledge without crediting the source; failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas; failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks; and failing to cite summaries and paraphrases that you put in your own words.
truncation
Using a symbol at the end or in the middle of a word when searching a database to catch all variant forms or spellings of that word. For example, if you wanted to do research on computers and wanted to make sure you found any records with the word "computer," "computing," or "computerized," you would put a truncation symbol at the point in the word where different endings can occur: comput?.
Define plagiarism
Using other people's intellectual property without giving them credit
atlas
Usually, a volume of maps; also used for a volume of photographic plates illustrating any subject, such as anatomy.
Wikis
Web pages that can be easily edited or added to by group members or organizations. Wikis often focus on specific topic and are used to share information for collaboration purposes. Generally, this is a free service you subscribe to.
Social Networking
Websites allow you to create personal profiles for the purpose of sharing information, photos, music, ect. with others within your network. They facilitate online communication and collaboration between individuals, companies, organizations, etc. The services are free and available to anyone. Examples: facebook, twitter, and linkedin
To make the best of your efforts, which of the following questions should you ask before you begin a search for your research topic?
What are the requirements of my project?
"But I'm so busy, I need to cut and paste because I have no time and it's ok to do it." Why is this statement inappropriate?
When you use other people's intellectual property without giving them proper credit, it's against Penn Foster's Academic Policy, and it's also illegal and unfair to the author of the work.
location
Where an item is kept in the library. Location codes are used in the online catalogs to show which library or part of a library has the item.
abstracts
a brief summary of the content of an article. May be written by someone other than the author; do not quote from abstracts when writing a paper; use to help scan articles for relevance to my topic; can help identify good articles
subject headings
Words used in library catalogs or databases to describe the contents of a book, periodical, or individual article.
What is needed to access the web?
a browser
newspaper
a collection of articles about current events usually published daily; a great source for local information; called periodicals because they are published on a regular or periodic basis
magazine
a collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events; usually written by several types of writers including journalists or scholars and geared toward general audiences of all ages; may cover very serious material
Journal
a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field.
Database
a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data; think of it as an electronic filing system.
Where is the best place to look for information about a specific person?
a current biography or book
copyright
a form of legal protection that allows authors, photographers, composers, and other creators to control some reproduction and distribution of their work
WorldCat
a global catalog of library collections
Mobile devices
a handheld computer device that is usually small in size, and is controlled by touch and/or a small keyboard. A variety of applications can be downloaded to increase functionality. Some examples of mobile devices include PDAs, Smartphones, iPads, and tablets.
what do the millions of web pages on the internet make up?
a hodgepodge of information and opinion
a method of online communication with one or more people using special software on an internet connected computer
It's a good rule of thumb to use _________________ in your research project.
a mix of both primary and secondary sources
ISBN
a numerical code given to a book that uniquely identifies it.
world wide web: WWW
a protocol for accessing the internet. It is a network of internet servers allowing documents formatted in hypertext markup language HTML to be linked to other documents, graphics, audio, etc.
Information Literacy
a set of abilities requireing individuals to "recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information"
Information literacy
a set of skills needed to locate, evaluate, and use the information effectively
What are plain language searches?
a simple word, phrase, or question. It's the most common way to search any website or search engine.
trade publication
a type of magazine that gives practical industry related information to people in a particular field; called periodicals because they are published on a regular basis
What identifies each web page?
a unique address referred to as the URL or Uniform Resource Locator.
what does the use of the Web allow?
access to most types of information on the internet through a browser; the ability to quickly link to other related information; contains information beyond plain text, inluding sounds, images and video
what is the key criteria used to determine if an article is scholarly?
accountability; content of the specific article
Secondary source
accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight; not interpretations and evaluations of primary sources; not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion on evidence; defined strongly by the context.
nature of a copyrighted work
addresses the issue of where the work is to be used and lies on the continuum between unprotected ideas and facts and protected expression.
Many search engines will not recognize + or - unless you're searching in
advanced search
On side 1 of a notecard, write...
all info you can find about your source author's name title of article title of journal date of publication medium of publication page numbers date of access database web address and/or DOI copyright date or last updated on date
what type of researcher needs to consult a style manual?
all researchers, no matter how experienced they are
In boolean logic, the term OR will find...
all the records that contain EITHER term and typically used with synonyms
Fair use does not
allow you to make additional copies of the article for other people, apply to photographs which cannot be legally copied, allow someone to copy an entire book or periodical
annotated bibliography
alphabetical list of sources arranged according to a citation style and followed by a summary of the content
What is APA format?
american psychological association
what is a "known" article?
an article you have the full or partial citations for
if you want to find information about A relatively broad unbiased overview of a subject in a specific field of study you may consult
an encyclopedia
What is fair use?
an exemption to the copyright law under which an indv. (in certain circumstances) is allowed to make a single copy of a periodical article or select portions of a book for personal study or research use
what is the internet?
an international network of computers that are interconnected to communicate with each other
what is the most common type of database that I will encounter form a library?
an online research database, sometimes known as an index
wikipedia
an open access encyclopedia where factual information can be posted/edited by anyone. Information is tracked by main editors but can take time to update. Evaluate all material to determine if it is valid/reliable for research
library catalog
an organized an searchable collection of records of items in a library
purpose and character of use
analysis of whether the use was of a commercial or nonprofit, educational nature, and to what degree the borrowed information was transformed. Fair use would be for teaching, scholarship, research, comment, news reporting.
List the Boolean operators
and or not
effect upon potential market
answers the question about if and how much profitability damage is created by the use of the copyrighted material
who can publish information on the internet?
anyone
running head or header: APA
appears on all pages of the manuscript but place the words "Running Head" on the title page only. the rest of the pages in the essay feature only the abbreviated title in all caps against the left margin and the page number against the right margin
worldcat
catalog of over 30 million items from libraries across the globe on all topics; provides info about which libraries own particular books, journals, or other items; use to locate materials in libraries near me.
Refereed
article is referred to other scholars in the field; reviews are blind-academic peers conducting the review do not know the name of the work's author and author does not know the reviewers name which ensures work is judged solely on its own merit; manuscript must be reviewed by at least two other people
what do databases contain?
articles in magazines, journals, and newspapers; book chapters; reports; conference proceedings; music; videos
what does a research database point to?
articles published in magazines, journals, and newspapers; electronic pooks
what are some commonly used fields?
author; subject; abstract
what needs to be cited?
author; title; page number
what do citations of an article often include?
author; title; year of publication; magazine or journal name; page numbers
what are four things to keep in mind when examining information?
authority; currency; objectivity; verifiability
A search engine that "crawls" uses
automated spiders that systematically browse websites and build lists of keywords
It's important to keep organized notes when performing research because doing so will help you
avoid plagiarism
what does media literacy help youth and adults do?
be able to consume the media with a critical eye by evaluating sources, intended purposes, persuasion techniques, and deeper meanings.
How is permission given to use a work?
be specific about how you intend to use the work; nonexclusive permission is given via handshake or telephone; exclusive permission is given in writing and signed by the copyright owner.
why is it important to evaluate the type of information you are collecting for research?
because it is not always a clear cut process; a source can be reliable but not appropriate to cite in a paper.
Which of the following would you consult when looking for information about a specific individual or groups of individuals?
biographical resources
blocked quotations: APA
block format: indented, no quotation marks, double spaced; used for all quotations that are forty words or more in length
what kind of books are good for research purposes?
books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis.
what does a library catalog include?
books; journals; electronic resources; maps; any other material a library owns
Which of the following uses the operators "and", "or", and "not" to get more exact search results?
boolean logic
Truncation and wildcards work well in databases and some search engines to help ___ your search
broaden
what is one more way to find approved subject headings for my topic?
browse a list of subject terms: most databases provide a list of subjects terms in the menu of the initial search page.
You can use ______ to track emerging trends in a particular field that may generate ideas for a research project topic.
bulletin boards and listserv
what are examples of subject specific databases in the excelsior college library?
business source complete; ERIC: education resource information center; Health source: nursing/academic edition; literature online: LION; military and government collection; psycARTIClES: psychology
how can media messages be decoded?
by deconstructing the media to find out who created the message and why. Identify the techniques of persuasion being used and recognize how media makers are trying to influence us.
how are print materials organized in a library?
by subject using call numbers-letters and symbols
how do most databases organize their records?
by subject, so that you can find all the articles on a single topic using one term
How can the invisible web be accessed?
by using other resources-listings-found on owl.english.purdue.edu
The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis is an example of a/ana. almanac.b. directory.c. statistical source.d. trade journal.
c. statistical source
Where is the Penn Foster Library and how is it best searched?
can be accessed via the Library link on your student portal best searched by program, course, or assignment
dynamic IP address
changes periodically
what is another way to find approved subject headings or terms for my topic?
check out a relevant article: look at the subject headings listed in one good article from my initial search results. After finding an article that is on target, use the same subject headings that describe that article in a new search. This will produce more relevant results
The ACS Style Guide is used for ______ related disciplines.
chemistry
List some examples of keyword searches
children's nutrition managing emotions at work antivirus protection
What's the first step in preparing to complete a research project?
choose and refine your topic
Which of the following is the correct order of research process steps?
choose and refine your topic, find and retrieve materials, evaluate your sources, organize your information, and finally, cite your sources
3 components of a research journal
citation source response
Explain what APA is.
citation style created by the American Psychological Association
Explain what MLA is.
citation style created by the Modern Language Association
What are three components of a research journal?
citation, source and response
encryption
coded information which scrambles the letters to be unreadable, unless a special decoding key is used to unscramble the information. Secure websites that ask your personal information generally use encryption such as banks, retailers, ect.
encyclopedias
collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about the topic.
what are examples of purpose that opposes fair use?
commercial activity; profiting from the use; entertainment; bad faith behavior; denying credit to original author;
what does not need to be cited?
common knowledge; your own experimental findings; writing of your own experiences, observations, insights, thoughts, or conclusions about a subject; when compiling generally accepted facts
What is a summary?
condensed version of an idea also written in your own words
databases
consist of collections of resources generally used for research or fact finding
tertiary source
consist of information which is a distillation and collection of primary and secondary sources
How do I know what symbols to use when searching?
consult the help menu
subject encyclopedias
contain overviews and in depth entries focusing on one field of study.
what are reasons that the effect of using copyrighted material would oppose fair use?
could replace sale of copyrighted work; significantly impairs market or potential market for copyrighted work or derivative; reasonably available licensing mechanism for use of the copyrighted work; affordable permission available for using work; numerous copies made; you made it accessible on the web or in other public forum; repeated or long term use
trademark
cover symbols, words and names used by a particular company to represent the company or a product. whereas a copyright covers an entire work a trademark represents and protects a brand. the symbol means the trademark is unregistered
Books
cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction
copyright
covers published and unpublished literary, scientific and artistic works provided that such works are in a tangible or material form. the symbol means the trademark is registered
what is intellectual property?
creations of the mind and protections for such creations
what can a newspaper be used to find?
current information about international, national, and local events; editorials, commentaries, expert or popular opinions
Give three specific examples of plagiarism.
cut-and-paste paraphrasing self-plagiarism
___ will read + and - properly, but ___ won't
databases search engines
what are the steps in brainstorming to know how to search for information on my topic?
describe my topic in a detailed sentence; underline the main ideas in this sentence; create a list of related keywords and phrases from the main ideas that I underlined; think of other terms that also describe my topic-synonyms; write down any ideas I have, even off the wall ones; list alternative spellings, abbreviations, and acronyms for the words I list
what can acquiring media literacy skills help youth and adults with?
develop critical thinking skills; understand how media messages shape our culture and society; identify target marketing strategies; recognize what the media maker wants us to believe or do; name the techniques of persuasion used; recognize bias, spin, misinformation, and lies; discover parts of the story that are not being told; evaluate media messages based on our own experiences, skills, beliefs, and values; create and distribute their own media messages; advocate for a changed media system
what needs to be used to collect information about a certain topic?
different search engines so that information can be found on the topic from different decades, viewpoints, and sources
in text citations
document all summarized, paraphrased, and quoted material with correct in text citation: review formatting in APA manual or OWL; place a period after each citation, except for block quotes
objectivity
does the author have a bias. can sometimes be sutle?; does the publication have an agenda to push?
Authority
does the person have any idea what he/she is talking about?; do they have education/professional qualifications?; do they have a history of publications/projects?
Line Spacing: APA
double spaced
Wikipedia vandalism occurs when someone
edits the project or entry in a malicious manner that is intentionally disruptive
what will the use of truncation and wildcards do?
eliminate the need to write the word in all of its forms, multiple times, in a search string
what kinds of things are copyrighted that I might produce?
emails; letters; assignments; drafts; snapshots
Which of the following would you consult when looking for a relatively broad, unbiased overview of a subject?
encyclopedia
According to Penn Foster's Student Handbook, the Academic Dishonesty section defines cheating as any effort to
engage in inappropriate collaborative activity in which the work submitted to the school doesn't represent the work of the enrolled student
Why is it best to put searches in databases in quotation marks (" ")?
ensures concept will be searched as a whole
What are the three nationwide credit bureaus?
equifax; experian; trans union
Netiquette
etiquette governing communication on the internet
which of the following is a step in the research process?
evaluate your sources
what is one of the most critical aspects of research?
evaluating the material that is found.
What are some tricks for using search engines effectively?
every search tool is different; use the help feature; there are specialized search engine organized around types of material; use more than one search tool to obtain more information
What are the three main internet myths?
everything is on the internet; only certain types of information can be placed online; the information that you need will be available for free
what are the two catalogs in the excelsior library?
excelsior college library catalog; worldcat
NOT
excludes those records containing the word that follows the NOT. It's another way of narrowing your search. Some systems use AND NOT or ANDNOT (notice the lack of a space between AND and NOT) in place of NOT.
What are journals geared to?
experts and researchers in the academic or professional community
what is not protected by copyright?
facts and ideas; processes, methods, systems, and procedures; titles; works prepared by the US government; constitutions and laws of state governments; materials that have passed into the public domain
When writing a research journal entry, it's okay to not copy the information from your sources exactly as it is because you can always go find that later.
false -- copy the info exactly as it is
the primary purpose of the Information Literacy course is to
familiarize you with ways to conduct research
who were the culture's storytellers a few generations ago?
family, friends, others in the community?
what does entering "and" do?
finds articles that contain both of the terms listed; will not retrieve information with just one of these words.
Headings: APA
first level of heading is centered and in bold with upper and lower case letters; if use second level heading, align on the left and in bold with upper and lower case letters
what are specific techniques media uses to get us to believe or do something?
flattery; repetition; fear; humor
what do research databases concentrate on?
focused subject; multidiciplinary
what do boolean operators or connectors allow for?
for a search to broadened and narrowed; allow for options for refining a search.
how can phishing emails be reported?
forward them to [email protected] and to the company, bank, or organization being impersonated.
how can you reduce the risk of identity theft?
freeze access to your credit reports with a security freeze
how long does a copyright last?
from the moment a work is created until 70 years after the death of the author; if work is produced by a company/employer it is 95 years from the date of publication
how may research databases provide information?
full test of materials; citations, but not the full text
what are the two types of encyclopedias?
general; subject
what does copyright do?
gives authors of "original works of authorship"protection for a period of time; protects the expression of an idea that is recorded n a tangible medium that you can see like a printed book, website, or image. does not protect ideas; protects both published and unpublished works;
truncation
gives variations of the word in search results; using the base part of the word, change the ending to a symbol. This indicates the database to search for multiple endings of the base word
Lakota is buying a new laptop. He wants to use Google as his main search engine. He should be sure which internet browser(s) are loaded on his computer?
google chrome or safari
Examples of common search engines include
google, bing, yahoo
what are examples of types of materials?
government documents; conference proceedings; electronic books; magazine; journal articles
What can a research journal assist you in doing?
great way to evaluate your sources as you read, and may even help you get a head start on your writing
nesting
groups certain parts of the search statement together and tells the computer exactly what to search for.
how does knowing how to evaluate material help with research?
helps to make the best possible choices for my research projects.
secondary sources have the advantage of
hindsight and the perspective of an outside observer
Which of the following describes a secondary source?
hindsight perspective
what does knowing how to evaluate gathered information effect?
how information is collected for studies, work, and even personal life
Number of indexed results
how many web pages were found on your topic
What are the components of a URL?
https://www; type of entity-educational institution, government agency, ect.; domain name-.edu, .gov, .mil, ect.
intellectual property
idea, invention or process that derives from the work of the mind or intellect
citations
identify published information, print or electronic, in order to locate them item again; citations of articles often include the author, title, year of publication, magazine or jornal name, and page numbers
When has plagiarism been committed?
if a student presents even one sentence or phrase by another writer as his or her own without properly citing the source of those ideas or words.
what is the key idea when using the web for research?
in most cases you are getting quantity over quality
In Expanded Academic ASAP and other periodical databases, it's best to put your exact phrase
in quotation marks
Abbreviations
in relation to email or text: acronyms or shortcuts are often used to abbreviate words to reduce the size of your message. Be careful when using abbreviations because your reader may not always know what the abbreviations means.
where can connectors be used?
in research databases; in search engines on the internet
where do I look up the title of the source for the article?
in the library's catalog in order to see if the library owns the source.
references: APA
include a full reference for EVERY source that is cited in the text; create a separate references page, center the word References at the top of the page, place references in alphabetical order, use a hanging indent for all lines after the first line of each entry; review detailed instructions for formatting each reference in the APA manual or OWL.
body of essay format: APA
include an abstract page, if required; include an introduction; include a conclusion
subject directories
include categorized listings of information that humans, not computer programs, have chosen to include in the directory. These directory tend to contain a smaller number of resources.
Title Page Format: APA
include: a header with the words Running head and then abbreviated title in all caps against the left margin with a page number against the right margin; full title centered in the upper half of the page; writers full name, double spaced, and just below the full title; institution double spaced and just below name
indenting for paragraphs: APA
indent first line of every paragraph and every footnote, if applicable, by hitting the TAB key
Databases, though on the Internet, search only
information contained within the database
ISP
internet service provider; provides the mechanism for connecting to the internet; can be seen by the websites that are visited.
how are periodicals usually separated?
into two major groups: popular; scholarly
What can a research journal assist you in doing?
is a great way to evaluate your sources as you read and may even help you get a head start on your writing
fair use
is an exemption to the copyright law under which an individual in certain circumstances is allowed to make a single copy of a periodical article or select portions of a book for personal study or research use like for academic purposes
why is media such a powerful force in our culture?
it affects our thoughts, attitudes, and actions.
What does the internet not have related to security?
it has no controls to filter or censor content which allows access to any website by anyone of any age.
what is a main benefit of conducting a keyword search?
it is so broad that you can look through the list of results, find one article that appears to be "on target" and then identify the subject heading that the database uses for your topic in order to drill down more precise results
How did the internet begin?
it is the product of research begun in the 1950's at an agency of the US government called the advanced research projects agency (ARPA) in the US department of defense
how is a copyright issued?
it occurs automatically at the creation of a new work the moment the work is fixed in a tangible medium of expression
what happens to a copyright when it expires?
it passes into the public domain meaning anyone can reproduce or use the resource
if no indication is put between words, what will a search engine or database assume you mean?
it will assume the word "and" is between words and look for all of the words.
how can you tell if a website is secure?
it will begin with https. the s is for secure.
how will knowing what type of info i'm looking for help with my research?
it will make my selection easier
what might be a downfall to using truncation?
it will return all possible endings to the base word which may or may not be on your topic. You may end up with terms that are not relevant
what is not protected under copyright law?
items that are not recorded in a tangible form; as well as: facts; ideas; lists; concepts; principles; titles government issued works
what is the purpose of citing?
its a sign of good scholarship; to give credit to the source you are using; to enable those reading your research to track down the material you used
how does a person obtain a copyright?
its automatic, every time a person creates something unique, with or without the symbol.
why is media interpreted different among people?
its based on a persons prior knowledge of the subject and experience as well as their values and beliefs
what should be used to find consistent scholarly information?
journals
For databases, it's best to use a ___ search
keyword
what amounts of use do not fall under fair use?
large portion or whole work used; portion used is central or the "heart of the work"
what are examples of periodicals?
newspaper-daily; magazines-magazine; bimonthly-journal
is everything on the internet free?
no
what will brainstorming help me with?
learning how to choose good search words and phrases for finding resources
when do works pass into the public domain?
lengths of time varies based on the type of work and the date of creation.
when should "not" be used?
less frequently than "and" or "or"; to narrow a search because it is not included in a topic or category; ex: cloning NOT animals
what are some groups that publish information on internet?
libraries; universities; government agencies; companies; organizations; people in foreign countries
what are some of the best resources available from a library's website?
library catalog; library database/research database
where are places to get books?
library; electronic books online or from library
where are places to find an encyclopedia?
library; web
bibliography
list of resources, so that your readers will be able to find your sources themselves
citation index
lists where and when a work has been cited
What is Boolean logic and which words are used in Boolean searches?
logic sequence that uses the words and, or, not (also called operators) to get more exact search results
how do I determine which databases are available and the subjects they cover?
look for "databases" on a library's website; as the librarian
how can a copyright owner be identified?
look for the copyright notice on the work; check the registration of the claim with the US copyright office; search internet for files, authors' names, publishers, excerpts of text, or lyrics to produce useful information about the work; if ownership is not clear contact any person associated with the work to find out who owns it.
record
made up by a set of fields
who publishes peer reviewed journal articles?
mainly professional organizations.
Information literacy will be a critical part of your success at Penn Foster and will help you efficiently
manage your course workload
how many words can be linked with "or"?
many times
how many times can you use "and" in a single search?
many times.
what are the basic concepts that need to be understood about the "media"?
media construct our culture; media messages affect our thought, attitudes and actions; media uses "the language of persuasion"; media construct fantasy worlds; no one tells the whole story; media messages contain "texts" and "subtexts"; media messages reflect the values and viewpoints of media makers; individuals construct their own meanings from media; media messages can be decoded; media literate youth and adults are active consumers of media
The AMA Style Guide is used for
medical and veterinary disciplines
Which of the following allows you to search several search engines at once?
metasearch
DuckDuckGo is a/an
metasearch engine
what are examples of browsers?
mozilla firefox; internet explorer; safari
is the internet always the best place to look for what you need?
no
what are some examples of intellectual property?
published reports; articles; information found on the web; patents; trademarks
what are examples of the nature of use that is considered fair use?
published work; factual or nonfiction based; important to favored educational objectives
what are the four factors of fair use?
purpose and character of use; nature of a copyrighted work; relative amount; effect upon potential market
when searching the internet, how can I tell if information is credible?
read the URL to check to see if it is someones personal page: personal name with symbols. Is server a commercial ISP or other provider of web page hosting; what is the domain name?; is it published by an entity that makes sense?
how do you know how to cite a resource within the text and final list?
refer to a style manual
The correct term for the list of sources in APA format is
references
What's the correct term for a list of resources in APA?
references
relative amount
refers to the quantity and quality of the information taken.
If Linda wants to use an academic search engine, which of the following should she select?
refseek
Evaluating your resources for a research project includes checking
reliability and validity of the sources
what do copyright owners have the right to do?
reproduce a work; prepare derivative works based on the original; distribute copies of the work; display the work; perform the work publicly or by means of digital audio transmission
what do copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and to authorize?
reproduce the work in whole or in part; prepare derivative works, such as translations, dramatizations, and musical arrangements based on their original work; publicly perform the work; distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or loan; publicly display the work;
what does a scholarly journal report on?
research and experimentation in the field and then shares this information.
Which of the following provides organized information about related subjects?
research database
how do I find the approved subject headings or subject terms for my topic?
start with a keyword: by choosing keywords for my search terms I can see if the same terms are used in the database as a subject heading by looking at the full recordto see what the subject headings listed are.
Which of the following would you consult if you were trying to answer questions like "how many" and "how much"?
statistical sources
. Define NoodleTools and state what it's used for.
responsive, user-friendly research management platform Educational tools, software, and information for students Guidance on when to use what search engine
OR
retrieves all of the records that contain either the first term or the second or both. It's a way of broadening your search and is typically used with synonyms.
AND
retrieves only those records in the database that have both the first term and the second one. It's a way of narrowing your search.
what can the web be a good research for?
sampling public opinion of people on the internet; gathering a wide range of ideas; locating information on topics not found in mainstream publications; learning more about companies and mainstream publications; reading information from the government; finding quick fats; catching up with current news.
Google scholar is best used for
scholarly resources, including articles and theses that span countless disciplines
Once you have a clear understanding of your project's requirements and purpose, you can determine the
scope of the research
What are the two main types of search tools that are used to search for information on the web?
search engines; subject directories
meta search engines
search many search engines using keywords and combine the results
what do many search engines give the option of?
searching by using a directory. They are referred to as hybrids
If you're citing a quoted passage pulled from someone else's work it's considered a ...
secondary source
A Google search of a cut and pasted sentence can reveal it is plagiarized in a matter of
seconds
excelsior college library catalog
see if the full text of a book or article is available; browse journals and books by subject; only searches journal and book titles, not within the context of books and articles
In Expanded Academic ASAP, choosing only peer-reviewed articles indicates that you'll
see only articles containing information that has been evaluated and verified by experts in a field
what are protocols?
sets of rules that standardize how computers communicate with one another across a network.
what does using all capital letters in an email convey?
shouting at the recipiant
Cookies
small files that are: stored on your computer's hard drive; come from the site you are accessing; allow the site to store information about what you accessed.
what amount of use qualifies as fair use?
small quantity; portion used is not central or significant to entire work; amount is appropriate for favored educational purpose
why do libraries subscribe to research databases?
so that students can identify relevant/scholarly material to support their research and studies
Which of the following would you consult if you were looking for leads on current topics, developing trends, and subject matter experts?
social media
who writes trade publications?
specialists in a particular industry who are not experts but are knowledgeable about the issues presented. articles are more in depth but faily easy to understand
Most databases will not correct ___ for you
spelling
How is it best to begin a search from a database?
start the search broad and then refine if there are too many results on your subject.
What are the important points discussed in Penn Foster's Student Handbook concerning Academic Integrity?
student identity verification, student code of conduct, academic dishonesty, plagiarism, online behavior, program material copyright notice and disciplinary action
what do subject directories include?
subject based categories; highly targeted content/more relevant results; directory usually only includes the main web page of a website; hierarchical structure to organize database- by subject or geographical region
what is other titles for the subject headings field?
subjects; subject terms; thesaurus; descriptors
A copyright holder can _______ for copyright violation.
sue
what is an important step to take in order to avoid plagiarism?
take notes carefully about what you used and how you used it.
plagerism
taking another persons words or ideas without properly giving credit to them.
what are examples of the purpose of copyright falling under fair use?
teaching; research; scholarship; nonprofit educational institution; criticism; comment; news reporting; transformative or productive use: changes the work for new utility; restricted access: to students or other appropriate group; parody
What are in-text citations?
tell your readers exactly what information you borrowed from your sources
keyword searching
telling the database to search for the word you've entered in the search box. Will search for the term in the title, the subject, and other fields; this is what you do when you perform a basic search on an internet engine, such as google
Alignment: APA
text aligned at the left margin but ragged at the right margin: called flush-left style
what is meant by "text" and "subtext"?
text is the actual words, pictures, and/or sounds in a media message; subtext is the hidden and underlying meaning of the message
what type of fantasy does advertising construct?
that all problems can be solved with a purchase
HTTP
the World Wide Web protocol that performs the request and retrieve functions of a server. Commonly seen as the first part of a Web site address.
Media Literacy
the ability to access, analyze, communicate, and produce media in a variety of forms
how is media literacy defined?
the ability to access, analyze, communicate, and produce media in a variety of forms
Students who plagiarize at Penn Foster may be reported to
the academic standards committee
RSS feeds
the acronym stands for really simple syndication. This technology allows users to get instant updates for data that is frequently updated such as newswires or online radio shows. Example: the NEW YORK TIMES website allows you to subscribe to their RSS feed to receive instant news updates.
In the following citation from Expanded Academic ASAP, what is the publication title? The way we lie now: technology makes it easier than ever to play fast and loose with the truth—but easier than ever to get caught. Megan Garber. The Atlantic. 312.2 (Sept. 2013) p15. Word Count: 1252
the atlantic
Fields
the basic building blocks of a database
what determines which publications are included in a database?
the companies that own the database
full text
the complete electronic version of an article or a book
An Internet browser is
the connection "tool" you use to browse the Internet
when citing an entire website or a short work from a website, what is one of the most important elements to always include?
the day that you accessed the site
peer reviewed sources
the editors of the journal wishing to publish the item send it to scholars in the relevant field; ex. article about biology would go to other biologists for review and then feedback is given.; ensures articles that wind up in academic jourals have scholastic merit and contribute to the overall research in the field.
In boolean logic, the term NOT will find...
the first term is searched, the any records containing the term AFTER the operator NOT are subtracted from results
On side 2 of a notecard, write:
the info you think is important author, article title, subject/topic area...
what does the type of resources that I will consult depend on?
the kind of information I need; the purpose of the information I need
who generates a list of subject headings that are commonly used?
the library of congress
bibliography
the list of references for resources used that are listed at the end of the paper
where will the library catalog point me to?
the location of a particular source, or group of sources, that the library owns on my topic
In-text citation
the material cited within the paper
who are the culture's storytellers today?
the most powerful: television, movies, music, video games, internet
what do subject headings originate from?
the need to classify information by category or subject
who can a copyright belong to?
the original creator of the work but ownership can also transfer. do not always assume the creator of the resource currently owns the copyright.
citing
the process of giving credit for information.
what determines the type of information needed?
the question you are trying to answer; the purpose of your information
Browsers
the software that you use to read information on the world wide web.
scope
the subject matter covered.
what do I not use the library's catalog to search for?
the title of the article
when trying to locate a "known" article what information do I need to have?
the title of the source in which the article was published within: name of the journal, magazine, or paper;
what are the two main things to keep in mind when choosing a database?
the types of materials it contains; the subject matter or scope of the resources
what does fair use allow?
the use of portions of a copyrighted work without the author's permission for specific purposes.
what are some benefits of the library on the web?
the website info has been evaluated and organized; it is easy to access; there is a wealth of info/resources at your fingertips
Using a minus (-) sign before a keyword search indicates that
the word following the "-" is to be excluded from search
what are boolean operators or connectors?
the words: and, or and not.
scholarly/academic sources
their purpose is to share information within the subject field and they are based on original research and experimentation. They are suitable for academics and are supported by a system of learning and study.
why is it important to know the scope for researching?
there are many different databases and knowing the scope of your information will help decide which database to use.
what is one of the most challenging parts of evaluation?
there are no steadfast rules
why are books and journal articles somewhat easier to evaluate?
there is often a filtering process: publishers/editors; librarians select material for the libraries collection; electronic versions have went through same processes as print versions
Flames
these are derogatory or angry emails sent to an online discussion group. They are meant to loudly voice one's opinion and to attack another's
what is true of media literate youth and adults?
they are better able to decipher the complex messages we receive from television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, signs, packaging, marketing materials, video games, recorded music, internet, and other forms of media
where can I access guides for different styles?
they are commonly found in public and academic libraries across the country.
why can a media literate person better understand the messages being send via "media"?
they can understand how media messages are constructed and discover how they create meaning, which is usually hidden beneath the surface.
How do some journals decide to accept articles for publication?
they get the opinions of scholars in the field to determine relevance, scholarship and the quality of research presented in an article.
notecards
they help you organize your information and avoid plagiarism, they can help you organize your paper or project and get your point across to your audience as effectively as possible
what are style manuals?
this is what you follow in order to cite resources properly; they dictate how you will arrange the information about the sources that you have used in researching.
how does information travel through the internet?
through fiber optic cables, routers, and circuits from one computer to another. The world wide web is just one component of the internet
what is a main purpose of a college or university library?
to collect a large quantity of scholarly material from different decades and on diverse topics to make research and studying easier.
why do library resources go through a review/filtering process?
to collect sources considered reliable, historically relevant, valuable and tailored to the needs of the students and faculty
when should "or" be used?
to combine keywords in a search; means either keyword can be retrieved; to broaden my search.
why is it important to consider all types of information when selecting sources for research?
to develop a more robust and convincing argument by not relying too heavily on one source of information; find support for my thesis; provides different point of view on a topic; helps to determine credibility and validity
when is it good to use email?
to find an opinion by an expert in the field; to access postings and messages on newsgroups; to ask your reference librarian a question about research; to correspond with your instructor in your course; to collaborate with colleagues at work on a project; to contact a company for more information
when is it good to use the web?
to find current information to link to information provided by the library over the internet; to find information about companies; to find information from all levels of government-federal to local; to find both expert and popular opinions
when should a trade publication be used?
to find current information about a specific industry, career, or trade; to prepare when applying for a job or practicing for an interview.
why should I use a research database?
to find information on my topic in magazines, journals, electronic books, newspapers, videos, etc. ; to access research materials online via internet connections; to benefit from advanced search features and classification structures designed to help find info more precisely
when should a magazine be used?
to find information or opinions about popular culture; to find up to date information about current events or trends; to find general articles written by people who are not specialists about the topic; to find information on a specific subject or profession
When should I use the library catalogs?
to find out what items a library owns on my topic; to find where a specific item is located in a library
what was one fundamental idea of the internet's original purpose?
to help professors and researchers share information regardless of their location
why have the index creators created a list of approved subject headings?
to help the person searching locate all the relevant articles on a topic.
what is the purpose of citing information?
to lead the reader back to the sources that have been used.
what is the original goal of copyright law?
to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and investors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries
when should keyword searching be used?
to start your research; to identify the subject headings or terms used for your topic; to find specific information; to find every occurence of the words you enter in that database
What is an internet browser?
tools you use to connect to the Internet from any device—they're how you connect to the Internet.
what are two search strategies that allow searching using variations of a word and replacing the letter/letters with a symbol?
truncation; wildcards
what is considered to be plagiarism?
turning in someone else's work as your own; copying works or ideas from someone else without giving credit; failing to put a quotation in quotation marks; giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation; changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit; copying so many words or ideas form a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
Text Spacing: APA
two spaces after all punctuation at the end of a sentence; one space after punctuation in a reference list;
what is the first step in media literacy education?
understanding the basic concepts about the "media"
what will make information easier to find?
understanding the traits and benefits of different types of resources.
Which of the following describes a primary source?
unique perspective
what are examples of the nature of use that opposed fair use?
unpublished work; highly creative work; fiction
What are the sections of an APA citation?
use a signal phrase, along with the year of the publication in parentheses, use quotation marks to indicate the material you quoted both at the beginning an the end, close the quotation by noting the page number of the quoted material
Sections of an MLA citation
use a signal phrase, use quotation marks to indicate the material you quoted both at the beginning andthe end, close the quotation by noting the page number of the quoted material
wildcards
use a symbol where a single letter changes the word to another form of the word; ex. women or woman. place the symbol: wom*n in order to get results for both women and woman
search engines
use computer programs to create a searchable index of web material. No search engine contains a complete index of all available web pages
Writing lists
use numbered, bulleted, or lettered lists; ensure items are parallel
how do search engines work?
use robots, spiders, or web crawlers to scan web pages; web pages are returned to the database and updated frequently; websites are located relevant to keywords; retrieves a higher number of results based on ranking system-this differs by search engine
how can you get more precise information when searching a database?
use specific fields when looking for precise information.
how can I come up with additional search terms if I can't think of them?
use the "finding background information" page on the Excelsior college library for links to encyclopedias and thesauri to help.
controlled vocabulary
used by research databases to classify all of their articles.
deconstruct
used in conjunction with media literacy. it means to look at and take apart all the aspects of a media message. In taking apart a message, you are able to discern any bias or underlying messages
What areas of study use APA format?
used in psychology as well as other social-science and science related disciplines such as: sociology, education, science or medical related areas, biology economics and nutrition.
What areas of study use MLA format?
used to document sources in humanities-related areas such as: english, literature, composition, art, fine arts, film studies, communications and sometimes business related areas of study
what are examples of the effects of using copyright material that qualify as fair use?
user owns lawfully purchased or acquired copy of original work; one or few copies made; no significant effect on the market or potential market for copyrighted work; no similar product marketed by the copyright holder; lack of licensing mechanism
How is data exchanged across the internet?
using protocols
