Information Systems Project Mgmt - Chapter 8 Quiz

normal distribution

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).

control chart

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

metric

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

certainty factor

Complete the formula: sample size = 0.25 * ( _____ /acceptable error)^2

Robust Design

Genichi Taguchi's _____ methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods.

control

In the DMAIC process, the letter "C" stands for _____.

an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:

quality control

Performing _____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.

planning quality management

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.

DMAIC

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.

False

T/F: Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.

False

T/F: Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process.

quality

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines _____ as "the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs."

six 9s of quality rule

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.

SQFD (Software Quality Function Deployment)

The _____ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects.

quality control

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

yield

The _____ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps.

project quality management OR quality management

The purpose of _____ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.

monitoring and controlling

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

System outputs

_____ are the screens and reports the system generates.

Reliability

_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

defect

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

unit test

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

quality audit

A(n)_____ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.

analyze

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

define

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.

scatter diagram

In a _____, the closer data points are to a diagonal line, the more closely the two variables are related.

quality assurance

Performing _____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

executing

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

3.4

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

False

T/F: A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence.

False

T/F: Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process.

False

T/F: DeMarco and Lister's study on organizations and productivity found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.

False

T/F: Gantt charts cannot be used to aid project quality management.

True

T/F: In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.

False

T/F: Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

True

T/F: Products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables.

True

T/F: Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.

False

T/F: Reliability is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under deviant conditions.

False

T/F: Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development.

True

T/F: The Six Sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance.

False

T/F: The design of experiments technique cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.

True

T/F: The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project's life cycle.

False

T/F: The term sigma means median.

True

T/F: Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles.

cost of nonconformance

The _____ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations.

fitness for use

The term _____ means a product can be used as it was intended.

software defect

Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) _____ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program.

Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.

Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

User acceptance testing

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

Performance

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

Maintainability

_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.

Quality circles

_____ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department.

Features

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.

Process adjustments

_____ correct or prevent further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Process adjustments

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Cause-and-effect OR Fishbone OR Ishikawa

_____ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations.

Benchmarking

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

Pareto charts

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

CMMI

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

Statistical sampling

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

External failure cost

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

Six 9s of quality (Six nines of quality)

_____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.

Design of experiments

_____ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Design of experiments

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Appraisal cost

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.

Functionality

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

Fitness for use

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.

Conformance to requirements

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Standard deviation

_____ measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data.

Rework

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

Crosby

_____ wrote "Quality Is Free" in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

ISO 9000

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.