Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion Part #2
You have selected shortwave diathermy to increase tissue temperature in a patient ' s hamstring. Before treatment, you communicate to the patient expected sensations. Which of the following statements made by the patient during the treatment might indicate that the tissue is being overheated? A. "I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring." B. "I feel like the muscle is contracting." C. "It feels really, really hot, but not burning." D. "I feel like I am starting to sweat."
A. "I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring."
Which of the following serial blood pressure measurements would indicate the need for referral and probably medication management? A. 136/76 mm Hg B. 128/78 mm Hg C. 110/68 mm Hg D. 102/60 mm Hg
A. 136/76 mm Hg
Which of the following conditions would disqualify a student athlete from participation in football? A. Absence of one kidney B. Mild hypertension C. Inguinal hernia D. Controlled epilepsy E. Sickle cell trait
A. Absence of one kidney
180. As an athletic trainer working for a large manufacturing company, you have been tasked with conducting an ergonomic risk assessment (ERA) for the workers who move the boxed product from the assembly line to the shelves in the storage room. From your ERA, you have identified risk factors to be controlled to minimize risk of workplace-related injury. You have recommended a maximum box size for moving by a single person. What type of control measure have you recommended? A. Administrative changes B. Physical changes C. Personal protective equipment changes D. Wellness changes
A. Administrative changes
Which of the following commercially available ankle braces are designed to limit only inversion and eversion and are most often used to provide compression and moderate support to an ankle during the acute phase of an ankle injury? A. Air/gel bladder braces B. Wrap braces C. Lace-up braces D. Semirigid braces
A. Air/gel bladder braces
167. In the final 5 minutes of a high school girls' lacrosse game the wind picks up, the skies darken slightly, and you hear thunder. Based on recommendations from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on lightning safety for athletics and recreation, what action should be taken? A. All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location. B. The coaching staffs and officials should be informed of the possibility of lightning and instructed to begin making plans for eventual evacuation if lightning is spotted. C. The designated "weather watcher" should, based on the sound of the thunder, estimate the arrival time of the storm ' s lightning and inform all individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, of this estimated arrival time. D. The school ' s director of athletics or highestranking administrator in attendance should inform the coaching staffs and officials if the game must be completed, regardless of weather, if needed in determining seeding for postseason competition.
A. All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location.
To minimize disease transmission, equipment and surfaces in sport venues and health-care facilities should be frequently and routinely cleaned. What should be the primary consideration when selecting and using a disinfectant or detergent for routine cleaning and disinfecting? A. All the manufacturer ' s recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed B. The product is endorsed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C. The product contains trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), clindamycin, or linezolid D. The manufacturer ' s published cost/benefit ratio
A. All the manufacturer ' s recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, which statement best describes the persons required to receive training through their employer in regard to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens? A. Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials B. Only employees involved in direct patient care who might be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials C. All federal and state employees D. Only health-care providers dealing with high-risk patient populations E. Persons completing a first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation course
A. Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials
41. You receive a call from your team physician alerting you that the female equestrian athlete you had referred to him has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. You decide it is important to counsel the athlete on the impact of the injury on her disease. Which statement is an accurate representation of the effect that injury may have on glycemic control? A. Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma. B. Injury does not affect an athlete with type 1 diabetes any differently than an athlete without type 1 diabetes. C. Athletes with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for infection. D. Athletes with type 1 diabetes, even those with poorly controlled blood glucose, will demonstrate fracture healing at a similar rate to athletes without diabetes.
A. Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma.
22. In which of the following sports activities could an athlete with poorly controlled epilepsy safely participate? A. Ballet B. Swimming C. Archery D. Volleyball
A. Ballet
Your softball team is preparing to practice when you notice the sky darkening. You remember that the weather forecast mentioned possible thunderstorms for today. You consult the National Weather Service and discover that a severe thunderstorm watch has been declared for your area. What does this declaration mean? A. Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather. B. Severe weather has been detected in your area. C. Steps should be taken to remove athletes from the field. D. All persons should take necessary precautions to preserve their own safety.
A. Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather.
Foam is commonly used for constructing padding. One type of foam, open-cell foam, can be used as a liner for custom-made pads. What statement is correct regarding open-cell foam? A. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption B. Deforms slowly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption C. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption D. Deforms slowly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption
A. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption
The universal wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides objective information athletic trainers can use in making recommendations regarding exercise in hot and humid environments. WBGT is calculated from three different thermometers providing three environmental variables. Which thermometer provides a measure of the sun ' s radiant energy? A. Globe temperature (GT) B. Wet bulb temperature (WBT) C. Dry bulb temperature (DBT) D. Sol bulb temperature (SBT)
A. Globe temperature (GT)
What regulation guarantees that intercollegiate athletes have access to all of their medical records, while giving them more control over how their protected health information is used and disclosed? A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act B. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act C. Americans With Disabilities Act D. Medical Records Retention Act
A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
77. To avoid catastrophic cervical spine injury in sports, athletic trainers should attempt to control for both extrinsic and intrinsic predisposing risk factors. Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for cervical spine injury in sports? A. Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact B. Officials not calling penalties for illegal play known to cause cervical spine injury C. Lack of education and awareness of causes of cervical spine injury among coaches when instructing athletes D. Faulty athletic equipment
A. Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact
Which type of shoulder pad is recommended for quarterbacks and wide receivers? A. Noncantilevered B. Cantilevered C. Flatpad D. Streamlined
A. Noncantilevered
An African American athlete reports for her preparticipation examination and notes she has experienced heat intolerance, severe muscle cramping, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and symptoms of hypotension during the past 6 months. Based on this information, what action should you take? A. Screen for sickle cell trait B. Screen for hypertension C. Screen for Marfan ' s syndrome D. Screen for type 2 diabetes mellitus E. Assess her overall fitness level
A. Screen for sickle cell trait
Which type of soft orthotic material has a high energy-absorbing quality with a high density, making it effective for preventing blisters and absorbing ground reaction forces in multiple directions? A. Sorbothane B. Orthopedic felt C. Sponge rubber D. Gauze padding E. Closed-cell foam
A. Sorbothane
You are educating your new volunteer equipment manager about appropriate football shoulder pad fitting. Which of the following statements indicates the shoulder pads are fitted correctly? A. The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding. B. The epaulets cover the acromioclavicular joint. C. The underarm straps are snug enough that it is difficult to slide a finger underneath. D. The pads shift slightly when the jersey is put on, but the jersey holds them in position.
A. The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding.
17. An athletic trainer working at the secondary school level may elect to send concussion awareness information and return-to-play requirements home with each athlete before the start of each sports season. What legislative actions over the past decade have prompted this educational effort? A. The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion. B. Parent organizations and booster clubs have lobbied for educational efforts. C. State athletic training practice acts require patient education following concussion. D. National high school athletics governing bodies require patient and family education related to concussions.
A. The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion.
157. One function of a spotter for a person lifting free weights is to protect the lifter from injury. Before each exercise, what should the lifter communicate to the spotter to best protect himself from injury? A. The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete B. Where the spotter should stand C. The weight achieved during the most recent 1-RM (repetition maximum) test D. The amount of desired verbal motivation
A. The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete
The medical history portion of your preparticipation physical examination (PPE) asks several screening questions related to risk factors for mental health concerns. What actions should be taken for an athlete who answers "yes" to any of these questions? A. The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated. B. The student athlete ' s parents should be notified of your concerns. C. The student athlete should be referred to the school counselor. D. The student athlete should be monitored during the season and questioned periodically by the athletic trainer for warning signs.
A. The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated.
47. Which is the only therapeutic modality for which federal performance standards currently exist? A. Ultrasound B. Electrical stimulation C. Phoresor D. Paraffin bath E. Mechanical cervical traction
A. Ultrasound
Exposure to which of the following body fluids does not require the use of universal precautions? A. Vomitus B. Cerebrospinal fluid C. Vaginal secretions D. Synovial fluid
A. Vomitus
Which response demonstrates an athletic trainer responding with cultural awareness and sensitivity to an athlete who asks that reflexology be incorporated into his sports injury treatment plan? A. "The current sports medicine literature doesn ' t support the effectiveness of reflexology in treating musculoskeletal injuries such as yours." B. "I don ' t know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful." C. "As a health-care professional I practice evidencebased medicine and avoid grasping at treatment techniques just because they are new or exciting sounding." D. "Since you are from another country you may not understand all aspects of the treatment we are providing you, so feel free to ask questions."
B. "I don ' t know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful."
90. Which of the following athletes would most benefit from using custom foot orthotics during sports participation? A. A field hockey player with weak anterior tibialis muscle B. A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome C. A runner with asymptomatic Sever ' s disease D. A soccer player with weak evertors E. A gymnast with pes cavus and a plantar-flexed first ray
B. A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome
A peak flow meter is an asthma screening tool that can be used to help quickly assess asthma severity and determine the effectiveness of medications. What instructions should be provided to the patient using a peak flow meter? A. Slide the indicator to the base of the meter, place the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, and after sealing your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale completely until the indicator rises within the meter. B. After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time. C. Stand or sit up straight, exhale completely, then with your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale as fast as you can one time. D. While standing, slide the indicator to the base of the meter and then wrap your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, take in a deep breath,
B. After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time.
How often should therapeutic modality equipment be inspected and calibrated to ensure patient safety? A. Every 6 months B. Annually C. Every other year D. Every 5 years
B. Annually
Which of the following actions would be most helpful in minimizing injuries common to participation on artificial turf? A. Encourage athletes to wear longer cleats. B. Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin. C. Encourage athletes to wear heel cups inside their cleats. D. Tape longitudinal arches of each athlete. E. Encourage athletes to wear two pairs of socks with the outside pair inside out.
B. Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin.
Which of the following is the most effective and cost-efficient cleaning solution to safely decontaminate soiled surfaces such as treatment tables and floors? A. Ammonia:water (1:20) B. Bleach:water (1:10) C. White vinegar:water (1:10) D. Hydrogen peroxide:water (1:20)
B. Bleach:water (1:10)
76. Universal precautions aid medical and allied health-care professionals in minimizing exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Which of the following demonstrates appropriate application of universal precautions in the athletic training setting? A. Blood-covered scissors should be disposed of in a sharps container, not sterilized. B. Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protection Agency. C. Uniforms containing blood should be removed and changed before returning the athlete to competition. D. Blood-soaked towels and other linens should be washed in cold water to prevent the blood from setting into the material.
B. Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.
A secondary school athlete is forced to sit out for days 5 and 6 of the preseason initial 14-day heatacclimatization period due to injury. What day of the protocol will this athlete be on when he returns to practice? A. Day 7 B. Day 5 C. Day 4 D. Day 1
B. Day 5
Your school ' s annual injury summary indicates your men ' s soccer team sustained a higher number of anterior lower leg injuries this past year compared with the previous five seasons. An e-mail to the coaching staff explaining the importance of appropriate shin guard sizing and usage is indicated. What should be included in this communication? A. For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from the tibial tuberosity to midtibia. B. For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity. C. For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior and lateral lower leg from the distal third of the tibia to the superior tip of the gastrocnemius muscle. D. For maximum protection, the largest shin guard size available should be worn by all players.
B. For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity.
A screening tool asks the patient to indicate how frequently over the past 2 weeks he has been bothered by the following: (1) feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge; (2) not being able to stop or control worry; (3) worrying too much about different things; (4) trouble relaxing; (5) being so restless that it is hard to sit still; (6) becoming easily annoyed or irritable; (7) feeling afraid as if something awful might happen. Which mental health condition is this tool assessing? A. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder B. Generalized anxiety disorder C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Depression
B. Generalized anxiety disorder
Which of the following recommendations regarding moist heat pack use is designed to protect the patient and extend the life of the equipment? A. Heat packs should be removed and washed with soap and water weekly to prevent mold from developing. B. Heat packs should be allowed to cool to room temperature before replacing them in the water bath. C. Heat packs should be placed on a patient rather than allowing the patient to lie directly on the heat pack. D. Heat packs should be used only with a commercial cover as the barrier between the patient and the heat pack.
B. Heat packs should be allowed to cool to room temperature before replacing them in the water bath.
When conducting a preparticipation examination, which of the following findings would be considered a normal physiological adaptation to exercise and sport participation? A. Resting heart rate above normal range B. Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher C. Resting blood pressure below normal values D. Quadriceps-to-hamstring ratio closer to 1
B. Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher
An athlete you are working with shares that she was recently a victim of sexual assault. She is working with a counselor to manage the aftereffects of the trauma, but she is very worried that she is at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Initial HIV antibody testing was negative. How would you counsel the athlete based on these results? A. She does not need to worry because she had a negative result from her first test. B. It may take 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault. C. If her assailant tests positive for HIV, she will be notified. D. Testing should be repeated monthly for up to 2 years from initial exposure.
B. It may take 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault.
36. The Cooper 1.5 mile run test is commonly used to assess aerobic fitness. What outcome data are produced from this assessment? A. Maximal heart rate B. Minutes run C. Distance (miles or kilometers) run D. Sweat rate
B. Minutes run
According to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, what organization must certify shin guards worn by soccer players? A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) B. NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards C. National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) D. Soccer Equipment Certification Center (SECC)
B. NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards
Mouth-formed mouth guards are one category of mouth guards. What action should be followed when fitting a mouth-formed mouth guard? A. Submerge the mouth guard in boiling water for at least 5 minutes. B. Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch. C. With the heated guard in the mouth, bring the upper and lower jaw together to gently bite into the guard to imprint teeth pattern. D. After the mouth guard is formed, cut the posterior ends and trim the edges next to the gums as much as needed for comfort.
B. Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch.
30. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a newly designed physical examination test, researchers calculate the test ' s sensitivity. Which statement regarding test sensitivity is correct? A. Sensitivity is also known as the "true negative rate." B. Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives). C. Sensitivity describes the test ' s ability to detect patients who do not have the disorder. D. Sensitivity is calculated as true negatives/(true negatives + false positives). E. Sensitivity is also known as the "diagnostic gold standard."
B. Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives).
An athlete diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) tells you she is upset because the physician told her that her infection must be reported to the public health authorities. What should be communicated to this athlete? A. Certain infectious diseases are reported so that pharmaceutical companies can target distribution efforts to geographical areas. B. Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease. C. Certain infectious diseases are reported to encourage patients to improve personal hygiene and incorporate safe-sex practices. D. Some infectious conditions are reported so that hospitals can make decisions for allocating funding for health-care personnel.
B. Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease.
18. You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which portion of the SCAT5 assesses cognitive function? A. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) B. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) C. Maddocks score D. Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
B. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)
What is the primary function of the gallbladder? A. Secrete digestive enzymes B. Store bile C. Release insulin into the bloodstream D. Produce hormones for regulating carbohydrate metabolism E. Store glucose
B. Store bile
Which of the following statements is true regarding selection of tape size and type? A. Elastic adhesive tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strength. B. Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension. C. Large-width tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strengths. D. The more acute the angles required, the wider the tape must be to fit the contours. E. Elastic tape is used for joints that do not expand with motion.
B. Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension.
82. A football helmet bears the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) seal. What does this seal imply about the helmet? A. It is a warranty that the helmet will protect the athlete from potential head injuries. B. This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned. C. The helmet will minimize the severity of a head injury such as a concussion. D. It states that there is risk inherent in playing football and that a serious injury can occur as a result of participation in the sport. E. The helmet can be safely removed during an on-field emergency care situation.
B. This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned.
78. Based on laboratory studies, what safety measure appears to be the most effective method for reducing the risk of commotio cordis in youth sports? A. Use of standard lacrosse chest protectors B. Use of safety baseballs C. Use of coach for pitching in baseball and softball D. Use of age-, height-, and weight-appropriate bats in baseball and softball
B. Use of safety baseballs
179. On a cold spring afternoon, you assess the weather conditions. Based on air temperature and wind speed you determine the lacrosse players practicing on the turf field are at risk for hypothermia. What clothing guidelines should you recommend the players follow to minimize their risk of hypothermia? A. Wear snug, tight-fitting clothing next to the skin. B. Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture. C. Wear nonbreathable clothing as outermost layer. D. Wear tight-fitting, moisture-absorbing socks and gloves.
B. Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture.
A female cross country runner has been recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. How long must the athlete be withheld from activity before being reevaluated to determine if it is safe to begin a return to activity progression? A. 7 days B. 14 days C. 21 days D. 28 days
C. 21 days
109. When fitting a patient with a commercial shoulder arm sling, in approximately what degree angle should the elbow be positioned? A. 20° B. 45° C. 70° D. 140°
C. 70°
A negative ("no") response to which of the following questions on a preparticipation examination medical history form would warrant referral to a health-care professional for additional screening? A. Do you limit or carefully control what you eat? B. Has anyone recommended you change your weight or eating habits? C. Are you happy with your weight? D. Are you trying to gain or lose weight? E. Are you taking any medications or supplements for weight loss or weight gain?
C. Are you happy with your weight?
144. You are attempting to use your ultrasound machine, but it seems that there is no power to the device. You check the outlet and note that the ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) has been tripped. This is the first time this has occurred. What action should you take? A. Call in an electrician to evaluate the outlet. B. Connect an extension cord from the outlet to the ultrasound machine to distribute the voltage. C. Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment. D. Unplug all devices until the facility can be inspected by your fire safety office.
C. Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment.
87. What type of material is capable of absorbing force through deforming its shape and then quickly returning to its original form? A. Open-cell foam B. Moleskin C. Closed-cell foam D. Felt E. Thermo-moldable plastic
C. Closed-cell foam
During a preparticipation examination, the parent of a high school freshman asks if the risk of injury is higher if his daughter plays soccer or volleyball. On what should you base your answer? A. Data in your school ' s annual sports medicine report specific to the number of soccer players and volleyball players treated by your athletic training staff during the previous two seasons. B. Data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study specific to athlete injury exposure rates for the sports of soccer and volleyball. C. Data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research specific to the number of catastrophic injuries in high school soccer and volleyball. D. Data from the National Safety Council specific to high school volleyball and soccer injury rates in your state.
C. Data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research specific to the number of catastrophic injuries in high school soccer and volleyball.
Last night a member of your school ' s softball team was hospitalized with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. What action should be taken to minimize the risk of this illness spreading? A. Quarantine all softball players for at least 36 hours. B. Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, obtained through a lumbar puncture. C. Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin. D. Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis.
C. Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin
What is considered a cause of mineral deposits in the kidneys, blood vessels, and other soft tissues in the body? A. Excessive dietary vitamin A B. Inadequate dietary vitamin D C. Excessive dietary vitamin D D. Excessive dietary vitamin K E. Inadequate dietary vitamin K
C. Excessive dietary vitamin D
Which of the following skills may be evaluated in a functional capacity evaluation completed before developing a work hardening or conditioning program? A. 40 yard sprint time B. Vertical jump height C. Hand grip strength D. 1 minute sit-up maximum
C. Hand grip strength
Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a condition that comes from inheriting one gene for normal hemoglobin and one gene for sickle hemoglobin and can be present in persons of any ethnicity. In which population group is the incidence of SCT most common? A. Eastern European B. Middle Eastern C. Hispanic D. African American
C. Hispanic
How should you instruct an athlete to breathe while performing a bench press? A. Inhale as the bar is thrust upward and exhale as the bar is lowered. B. Hold the breath as the bar is lowered and inhale as the bar is thrust upward. C. Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward. D. Hold the breath until one repetition is complete. E. Inhale as the bar is lowered and hold the breath as the bar is thrust upward.
C. Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward.
What should you calculate if you want to determine the incidence of injuries for last season ' s men ' s soccer team, per the number of individual athlete exposures? A. Incidence of injury B. Injury prevalence C. Injury exposure rate D. Injury likelihood ratio
C. Injury exposure rate
What is the best time of day to fit an athlete for shoes? A. First thing in the morning B. After a workout C. Late in the day D. After completion of a warm-up and stretching session
C. Late in the day
Your tennis team will be traveling from the east coast to the west coast for a tournament. What guidance might you give the coach to minimize the negative impacts of jet lag on the players? A. Do not allow the players to drink caffeine while traveling west. B. Ask the players to stay up late before you leave so they will sleep on the plane. C. On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping. D. Have the players keep their watches set on the time at home to improve the ability to adjust on return.
C. On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping.
What type of testing must a new baseball batter ' s helmet undergo to meet the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standard? A. Stability and retention test B. Drop method test C. Projectile impact test D. Force dispersion test
C. Projectile impact test
Before basketball practice, you notice that the padding surrounding the backboard is beginning to come off. What action should be taken? A. No action needs to be taken until the environment becomes unsafe for participants. B. The loose padding should be removed so it does not come off during practice. C. The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe. D. The coach should be notified that the backboard cannot be used for practice until it is repaired.
C. The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe.
170. A soccer player reports that his physician has recently started him on a prescription for tetracycline to manage acne. Which of the following is an important consideration based on the new medication? A. The athlete is now at a higher risk for heat illness. B. The athlete should increase fluid intake to combat the diuretic effect of the medication. C. The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure. D. The athlete should have liver function tests completed every 3 months.
C. The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure.
166. Which of the following athletes is demonstrating that he or she is acclimatized to a hot and humid environment? A. The athlete who produces the least amount of sweat after 1 hour of participation B. The athlete who consumes the least amount of water during the practice session C. The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session D. The athlete who has the highest heart rate during the exercise session E. The athlete who demonstrates the highest percentage of sodium loss on the team
C. The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session
Which of the following is an examination of injury prevalence data you might gather when analyzing your injury rates? A. Number of injuries sustained during practice sessions B. Number of new ankle injuries sustained by the soccer team during the fall season C. Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team D. Average number of injuries per athlete per practice session
C. Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team
97. Which type of activity is best supported by athletic shoes with a rigid sole? A. Running B. Cross training C. Volleyball D. Tennis
C. Volleyball
While reviewing a preparticipation examination medical history, you note an athlete has indicated a previous diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchospasm. He has been using an inhaled beta-2 agonist from a metered-dose inhaler taken 15 to 30 minutes before the onset of each exercise and sport activity session. After speaking with this athlete, you think he needs education on properly using his inhaler. Which of the following should be included in the instructions you provide? A. Shake inhaler for at least 45 seconds before use. B. Exhale through nose for 1 to 3 seconds before placing mouthpiece of inhaler in mouth. C. While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible. D. Avoid drinking water or eating food for at least 15 minutes after inhalations.
C. While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible.
Which of the following demonstrates culturally sensitive communication during a preparticipation examination? A. Reading medical history questions aloud for persons with limited English proficiency B. Understanding that a person ' s limitations in English proficiency strongly correlate with his or her level of intellectual functioning C. Writing all notices and communications in the patient ' s language of origin D. Teaching individuals and families who speak languages other than English key words so that they can better communicate with you
C. Writing all notices and communications in the patient ' s language of origin
Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of cardiac problems in middle-aged and older physically active people? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Marfan ' s syndrome C. Cardiac arrhythmia D. Atherosclerotic coronary disease E. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Atherosclerotic coronary disease
Distribution of oxygen and usable metabolic materials occurs through which vessels? A. Arteries B. Veins C. Glands D. Capillaries E. Venules
D. Capillaries
What type of running shoe tread is recommended by shoe manufacturers? A. Flat with herringbone pattern B. Pivot dot pattern C. Slip resistant D. Deep groove
D. Deep groove
21. You elect to have a patient complete a McGill Pain Questionnaire before his or her rehabilitation appointment. Which type of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale is being used? A. Generic instrument B. Disease-specific instrument C. Site-specific instrument D. Dimension-specific instrument
D. Dimension-specific instrument
What important instruction should be posted over the whirlpool and given to the patient verbally before initiating treatment to reduce the risk of electrical shock? A. No horseplay in the treatment area B. No jewelry may be worn in whirlpool C. Wash the treatment area with soap and water before immersion to remove sweat and other electrolyte particles D. Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water
D. Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water
196. A city is hosting a 10K race to benefit at-risk innercity youth. The race course includes running through the city ' s developed and highly populated sections. At what time during the day should the race begin to best minimize the risk of runners experiencing problems due to air pollution? A. Late dawn B. Midday C. Early Afternoon D. Evening
D. Evening
When using a urine specific gravity measurement to determine hydration status, which urine void will give the most accurate information? A. First void following breakfast B. Void immediately after exercise C. Void immediately before exercise D. First void of the morning after waking up
D. First void of the morning after waking up
What is the most common chronic bloodborne pathogen infection in the United States? A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) B. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) D. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
D. Hepatitis C virus (HCV
An athlete returns from a family vacation in Breckenridge, Colorado, and reports that she was sick while on vacation. She noted shortness of breath, cough, headache, and general body weakness that was significantly better as soon as they returned home. What condition do you suspect the athlete was experiencing while on vacation? A. Viral infection B. Acute bronchitis C. Acute mountain sickness D. High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
D. High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
This fall your high school has a record number of boys wanting to play football. The returning varsity players and almost all of the junior varsity players have received properly fitted new or reconditioned equipment. The equipment supply has been exhausted, but the coaches want to give all the remaining boys without equipment a chance to play, so they inquire about using the old, worn-out equipment in the storage room, even if it just "almost fits." What is the most important information that should be communicated to the coaching staff regarding this stored equipment? A. The school emblem on these old worn-out helmets is not current and so will not match the other helmets. B. The screws holding the face masks on the old helmets are mostly rusted and stripped, not allowing for changing of face masks to ensure position-specific face masks. C. These helmets were stored in a moist and dark storage room, so they will likely have mold and other fungi on the inner surface and padding. D. Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury.
D. Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury.
When evaluating the strength of the evidence found in the research literature, which type of research study would be considered the most rigorous and provide the least amount of bias? A. Case study B. Clinical practice guidelines C. Cohort study D. Meta-analysis
D. Meta-analysis
Which cardiac condition places ill athletes, particularly those who are febrile, at risk of sudden cardiac death? A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Commotio cordis C. Marfan ' s syndrome D. Myocarditis
D. Myocarditis
A seal from this organization appears on eye protection, such as eye guards, manufactured in compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards. A. NOCSAE B. HECC C. CSA D. PECC
D. PECC
Which of the following classes of drugs are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? A. Cathartics B. Histamine-2 blockers C. Sympathomimetics D. Peptide hormones
D. Peptide hormones
181. A comprehensive lightning emergency action plan includes identifying specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity. Which of the following is a recommendation for suspending or resuming activity? A. Resume activities once skies brighten and the sound of thunder lessens. B. Postpone or suspend activities once thunderstorms are producing lightning. C. Resume activities 30 minutes after all persons are completely within the designated safe location. D. Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity.
D. Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity.
You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which type of error should be counted when conducting the double leg stance component of the balance examination? A. Hands lifted off of shoulders B. Flexing knees greater than 20° C. Moving hips into greater than 5° abduction D. Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds
D. Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds
A middle-distance runner has exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following environments is most likely to limit the intensity and number of wheezing episodes during activity? A. Cold and dry B. Temperate and dry C. Cold and moist D. Temperate and moist E. Hot and dry
D. Temperate and moist
Which of the following persons is/are required to wear a helmet during a baseball game? A. The batter only B. The on-deck batter and the batter only C. The batter, the on-deck batter, and the base coaches only D. The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only E. The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, the base runners, and all the umpires
D. The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only
Your client is using isometric strengthening exercises as part of a work hardening program and has been instructed to breathe while performing the exercises. Why is breathing during isometric exercises recommended? A. To maximize blood flow to the client ' s working muscles B. To control the client ' s heart rate C. To minimize accumulation of metabolic by-products in the client ' s working muscles D. To avoid a rapid increase in the client ' s blood pressure
D. To avoid a rapid increase in the client ' s blood pressure
Which of the following wraps should you select to most effectively apply a shoulder spica to a female collegiate volleyball player? A. 6-in. × 10-yd elastic bandage B. 6-in. × 6-yd elastic bandage C. 4-in. adhesive elastic tape D. 6-in. adhesive elastic tape E. 4-in. × 10-yd elastic bandage
E. 4-in. × 10-yd elastic bandage
A swimmer at a high school for which you are the athletic trainer has been diagnosed with WolffParkinson-White syndrome. Which statement best characterizes this condition? A. Currently the leading cause of sudden death in athletes B. Characterized by a prolonged P-R interval and a shortened QRS complex C. Results in atrial pre-excitation and bradycardia due to accessory pathway electrical activity D. Results in delayed atrial excitation and tachycardia due to an electrical accessory pathway E. Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways
E. Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways
Which National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) committee is responsible for establishing policies and recommendations on safe sport participation? A. Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports B. Committee on Sport Safety C. Committee on Risk Management in Intercollegiate Athletics D. Committee on Injury Surveillance and Prevention E. Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports
E. Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports
Based on recommendations in the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions, the inclusion of which routine laboratory or screening tests in the preparticipation examination for all participants is supported by current research studies? A. Electrocardiography B. Urinalysis C. Complete blood count D. Lipid profile E. Heart auscultation
E. Heart auscultation
Which of the following bloodborne pathogens is most commonly contracted by health-care workers? A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) B. Human papillomavirus (HPV) C. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) D. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) E. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
E. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Which of the following lists contains only disaccharides? A. Glucose, maltose, lactose B. Lactose, galactose, glucose C. Galactose, fructose, glucose D. Sucrose, fructose, maltose E. Maltose, lactose, sucrose
E. Maltose, lactose, sucrose
49. You suspect that a swimmer may be experiencing symptoms of overtraining. Which of the following situations is a significant indicator of overtraining? A. The athlete demonstrates increased whole-body muscle tone. B. The athlete complains of being easily agitated. C. The athlete reports increased urinary output. D. The athlete ' s blood pressure is below preparticipation baseline. E. The athlete ' s resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline.
E. The athlete ' s resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline.
37. Preparticipation skin checks for wrestlers determine participation eligibility. With which of the following dermatological conditions may a wrestler compete, provided that the active lesions are adequately covered? A. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) B. Herpes simplex virus C. Impetigo D. Furuncles E. Tinea corporis
E. Tinea corporis
A routine dipstick urinalysis is often part of a preparticipation physical examination. The following are the results of a urinalysis: • Appearance = light yellow and cloudy • Leukocyte esterase (LE) = moderate • Nitrite = positive • Blood = nonhemolyzed moderate What condition do these urinalysis results suggest? A. Dehydration B. Diabetes mellitus C. Disordered eating D. Blocked bile duct E. Urinary tract infection
E. Urinary tract infection
When an adult chooses to participate in a sport, the knowledge of potential risks is in most cases clearly understood. Should an injury situation arise, when would the injured adult athlete assume none of the risk? A. When the athlete does not fully comprehend the assumption of risk policy B. When the athlete has never played the sport before the season in which the injury occurs C. When the athlete makes no effort to determine hazards associated with the sport D. When the athlete chooses not to sign the assumption of risk statement E. When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation
E. When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation
