inquisitve chapter 12

Match the terms about attributions with their definitions. personal attributions

using personal attributions to explain someone else's actions, but using situational attributions to explain one's own actionsactor/observer discrepancy Correct label:actor/observer discrepancy explaining a person's actions based on his traits or personalitypersonal attributions Correct label:personal attributions explaining a person's actions based on the context or external factorssituational attributions Correct label:situational attributions explaining a person's actions by his personality without considering the situationfundamental attribution error Correct label:fundamental attribution error

Identify the following statements about our interest in people's faces and facial expressions as either true or false

- Politicians whose faces were rated as looking more competent win more often.- Our facial expressions can unintentionally reveal our thoughts.- By age 7, children can make judgments about a face's trustworthiness that match adults' judgments

Latané and Darley conducted a study in which foul-smelling smoke started coming through heating vents in a room where participants were filling out a questionnaire. Place the participants in order based on how likely they were to go for help within six minutes, from most to least likely

1. a participant who were alone2. a participant who was with two other naive participants3. a participant who was with two calm confederates

Which of the following characteristics of attitudes most strongly predict one's behavior? Correct Answer(s)

Correct Answer(s) formed through direct experience personally relevant easy to remember

Match the causes of cognitive dissonance with their examples.

Adrienne decides to go on vacation to Cambodia rather than Thailand, and once she arrives in Cambodia she thinks about how much better it is than Thailand.postdecisional dissonance Correct label:postdecisional dissonance Efram decides to drive an hour away to go to a restaurant, and once he gets there he thinks the food is much better than at restaurants closer to home.justification of effort Correct label:justification of effort Lastri does a small favor for her neighbor, whom she doesn't know very well, and justifies it by telling herself that she likes her neighbor.insufficient justification Correct label:insufficient justification

Match the types of conformity with their corresponding examples

Clarence traveled to India, where the tradition is to eat with your hands. Out of respect for the tradition, Clarence also ate with his hands while he was there.normative influence Correct label:normative influence During lunchtime, Rolf noticed a long line of people at a food truck he had never seen before, and he joined the line.informational influence Correct label:informational influence Morena was a few minutes late to class, but when she got to the building where her class was held, she noticed all of the other students in her class leaving, so she turned around and left, too.informational influence Correct label:informational influence Though it would be easier to pick our noses, we use tissues instead.normative influence Correct label:normative influence

A group of movie executives is deciding on whether or not to produce an action movie. Which of the following factors would contribute to groupthink and therefore the decision to produce a movie that most of the executives think is terrible?

Correct Answer(s) The company is under pressure from investors to produce a hit. The executives are hoping for a quick meeting with little discussion. Incorrect Answer(s) The president of the company, who really likes the action movie, waits until the end of the meeting to voice his opinion. One person plays the role of devil's advocate and tries to explore ways in which the movie might be a bad idea.

After a hurricane breaks all store windows on Main Street, under which of the following circumstances is Mark likely to start looting due to deindividuation?

Correct Answer(s) The town is large and Mark doesn't know many people there. Mark is emotionally aroused by the devastation of the storm. Mark sees other people already in stores looting goods.

Which of the following can we expect from a couple who has been married for two years?

Correct Answer(s) They will have sex about half as frequently as they did in their first year of marriage. Their relationship is based on social support, friendship, and intimacy. Incorrect Answer(s) They will want to have sex as often as they can. Companionate love has given way to passionate love.

Match the terms about attitudes with their examples.

Donald unthinkingly assumes his younger brother will agree with a plan of his.implicit attitude Correct label:implicit attitude Parveen knows that soda is bad for her, so she makes up a reason to justify buying it.cognitive dissonance Correct label:cognitive dissonance Erika tells a friend that she likes Indonesian food.explicit attitude Correct label:explicit attitude

Match the terms with their corresponding examples. foot in the door door in the face low-balling

Jan refused to buy a $20 package of wrapping paper from the student fund-raiser, but then agreed to buy a $5 bar of chocolate.door in the face Correct label:door in the face A person signed a petition for her town to build a youth center. The next week, the same person agreed to help raise funds for the building.foot in the door Correct label:foot in the door After a man decides to buy a plane ticket for $300, he finds that the final amount including taxes and fees is $365, but he still goes ahead with the purchase.low-balling Correct label:low-balling

Jolene treats members of her own sorority differently than she treats other people. Match the terms with the examples of Jolene's behavior.

Jolene's membership in her sorority is a major source of pride, and she considers herself to be in the same social category as her sorority sisters.social identity theory Correct label:social identity theory Jolene pretends she cannot hear the freshman computer science nerd when he asks her out; she considers him a member of a lower species.dehumanization Correct label:dehumanization Jolene thinks that members of a rival sorority are all dumb blondes, but members of her own sorority have varied and unique personalities.outgroup homogeneity effect Correct label:outgroup homogeneity effect When one of her sorority sisters is struggling with math, Jolene offers to tutor her for free, though normally she charges for tutoring help.ingroup favoritism Correct label:ingroup favoritism

Based on the bystander intervention effect, in which of the following situations are people likely to offer help?

Likely to Offer Help There are only two people in a parking lot and one of them is having trouble starting his car. A person on an isolated hiking trail falls and asks the next hiker who walks by to help him to his car. One person approaches another and asks for a dollar to buy a bus ticket home

Match each term with the situation that illustrates it. reciprocity transitivity outgroup ingroup

Lily, a self-described science nerd, assumes that all the athletes in her chemistry class hate the teacher for being so tough.outgroup Correct label:outgroup Michael greets Tom with the words "Any friend of Sonny's is a friend of mine."transitivity Correct label:transitivity Jerome prefers hanging out with the rest of his debate team to being with other friends.ingroup Correct label:ingroup Milo gives Ophelia a glowing letter of reference, thinking he will probably need her to do the same for him someday.reciprocity Correct label:reciprocity

Identify the accurate statements about how people from Eastern and Western cultures differ when making attributions about people.

People from Eastern cultures are more likely to believe behavior is the result of both personal and situational factors. People from Eastern cultures rely on a broader range of information when making attributions. People from Western cultures rely more on personal factors than situational factors when making attributions.

Identify the following statements about prejudice as either true or false.

True Our tendency to sort people into ingroups and outgroups may help explain why we hold prejudices and practice discrimination. An example of modern racism is the belief that admitting lots of Asians to top-tier schools is negatively affecting the student culture at those schools. White study participants were more likely to misidentify tools as guns after seeing black faces. False People who engage in modern racism may overtly say disparaging things about people of other races.

Identify the following statements about ingroup favoritism as either true or false

True People will distribute more resources to members of their ingroup. People will try to prevent members of an outgroup from receiving resources. False Men are more likely to support other men as part of their ingroup than women are to support other women as part of their ingroup. People will not treat ingroup members preferentially if they know the groups have been determined arbitrarily.

Identify the following statements about stereotypes as either true or false

True Stereotyping occurs automatically. As cognitive processes, stereotypes are inherently neutral, though they can contain positive or negative information. False When we encounter someone who does not fit with our stereotype, we change our beliefs about people in that group. Using stereotypes involves carefully examining everyone we come into contact with. Illusory correlations help us question our stereotypes.

Identify the following statements about the evolutionary development of group membership as either true or false.

True We are motivated to form groups because living in social groups helped our ancestors survive. Humans developed more cognitive resources to deal with the many challenges that come from living in large groups. Humans have the largest group size of all primates and also the largest prefrontal cortex.

Match the terms about attribution with their corresponding examples. fundamental attribution error situational attribution actor/observer discrepancy

Wally believed the person who cut him off on the highway was inconsiderate and selfish, but he would cut someone off if he was in a hurry.actor/observer discrepancy Correct label:actor/observer discrepancy John believed the person who cut him off on the highway was inconsiderate and selfish.fundamental attribution error Correct label:fundamental attribution error Jan cut a person off on the highway but told herself it was justified because she was late to work.situational attribution Correct label:situational attribution

Match the terms about relationships with their definitions. secure attachment insecure attachment companionate love passionate love

a strong commitment to care for and support a partnercompanionate love Correct label:companionate love easy to get close to others without the fear of fear being abandonedsecure attachment Correct label:secure attachment a state of intense longing and sexual desirepassionate love Correct label:passionate love difficult to trust and depend on othersinsecure attachment Correct label:insecure attachment

Match the terms with their definitions.

going along with the crowd due to the belief that others have a good reason for their behaviorinformational influence Correct label:informational influence going along with the crowd to fit in and avoid looking sillynormative influence Correct label:normative influence expected standards of conductsocial norms Correct label:social norms