Inquizitive Ch9

Label each bar according to the amount of wealth held by the average White, African American, and Latino family.

-($171,000) White -($17,100) African American -($20,000) Latino

Match each statement to the racial-ethnic group it describes.

-African Americans -They experience the highest rates of incarceration of all racial-ethnic groups -Latinos -This group has diverse phenotypical traits -Native Americans -They have the lowest average socioeconomic status of all racial-ethnic groups -Asian Americans -They are the fastest-growing racial-ethnic group in the United States -Middle Eastern Americans -Recent immigrants are often fleeing political turmoil in their home countries

Match each institution to the way it participated in maintaining "equity inequality" between Blacks and Whites.

-FHA -exclusion from government home loans -banks -redlining -Social Security -exclusion from retirement pensions

Match each type of response to oppression to its description.

-withdrawal -members of an oppressed group flee persecution by the dominant group -collective resistance -members of an oppressed group fight--literally or metaphorically--against their oppression -acceptance -members of an oppressed group feign compliance to the dominant group's ways while hiding their true feelings of resentment -passing -members of an oppressed group attempt to disguise their group membership

Identify the major human population types, according to Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840).

Blumenbach population types: -Caucasian -Mongoloid -Ethiopian -American -Malay Not Blumenbach population types: -African -European

Identify the examples of collective resistance.

Collective resistance: -an oppressed group engages in a campaign of nonviolent protest -an oppressed group rises up in organized, armed rebellion Not collective resistance: -an oppressed group develops a means of quietly coping with their circumstances -an oppressed group relocates to a place where they can live in peace

Symbolic ethnicity today is a matter of choice for White middle-class Americans, but not for Black middle-class Americans. Identify the factors behind this difference.

Factors: -A black person cannot choose to be considered either White or Black -For a Black person, in the eyes of society, skin color is a defining characteristic -For a White person, in the eyes of society skin color is not a defining characteristic -A Black person cannot choose to be considered, for instance, Kenyan or Nigerian -A White person can choose to be considered, for instance, Irish or German Not factors: -A White person can choose to be considered either White or Black

Identify the reasons why residential segregation is such a serious social problem.

Reasons: -It leads to other forms of segregation -It fosters a culture of segregation -It is hard to change or prevent Not reasons: -There is no remedy for laws mandating residential segregation

According to Nell Irvin Painter, what is the foundation of White identity?

not thinking about being White

When Japanese American families were notified of their mandatory relocation to interment camps during World War II, how much time were they given to dispose of their lands and other property?

one week

Identify the items as associated with either monogenism or polygenism.

Monogenism: -a view held by Darwinists -claims that all human beings are part of a single family tree -a view held by religious traditionalists Polygenism: -claims that humanity is composed of several distinct species

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the troubling side of White consciousness. Awareness of Whiteness as a racial category may also have a downside in the form of []. For example, David Duke founded the [] and crafted its [] to imitate those of illustrious civil right organizations. The language adopted by him and others attempts to re-situate Whites as [] who experience [] because of their race.

-White supremacist organizations -National Association for the Advancement of White People -mission statement -victims -discrimination

Match each term to the correct definition.

-assimilation -merging into the larger culture and shedding one's distinct identity -pluralism -engaged coexistence of numerous distinct racial-ethnic groups -segregation -involuntary separation of groups by legal or social means, based on race or ethnicity

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about who "counts" as Black in the United States. Due to the [], President Obama was considered Black even though he has a White mother and a half-Black, half-Asian father. Some have argued that his election potentially ushered in a(n) [] of the idea of Blackness.

-one-drop rule -symbolic expansion

The animation describes a paradox about race: It is a social construct with life-or-death consequences. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. The word race comes from a Latin word meaning"[]." Our modern concept of race has evolved in conjunction with [], as a rationale for a group of people with one common [] to [] other people.

-root -imperialism -bloodline -conquer and dominate

Identify the statements that are examples of "color-blind racism."

Examples: -Race isn't that important - everyone has an equal chance to get ahead -Rising numbers of immigrants from different cultures threaten the identity and culture of native-born citizens Not examples: -Some racial groups are inherently better than others -It is important to consider all forms of diversity when making hiring decisions

Identify the features of the 2010 Census's race and ethnicity questions that improve accuracy of the nation's racial composition.

Features: -Respondents indicate their race and ethnicity in separate questions -Respondents are able to check more than one box indicating racial identity Not features: -Respondents are able to indicate racial identities for both parents -Respondents are asked to choose their "primary" racial identification

Identify whether or not the following beliefs characterize racism.

Racist beliefs: -Bloodlines or physical characteristics are linked to distinct cultures, behaviors, and intellectual abilities -Humans are divided into distinct bloodlines and/or physical types -Certain groups are, by virtue of their bloodlines or physical characteristics, superior to others Not racist beliefs: -Acquired characteristics, such as a dark tan due to life in a sunny climate, are hereditary

What was the racial atmosphere in the housing project where Dalton Conley grew up in the 1970s?

Whites were a marginalized group

In this interview, sociologist Jennifer Lee describes the evolution of color-based social divisions in the United States. Which line does Lee say is replacing the White-Black divide?

a Black-nonblack divide

Identify the true and false statements about how the Burakumin in Japan were racialized.

Racializing: -The Burakumin are treated as a distinct group, unrelated to other Japanese -The Burakumin are barred from full participation in Japanese society -The Burakumin have poorer health, less educational achievement, and lower income than their fellow Japanese citizens Not racializing: -The Burakumin are genetically distinct from their fellow Japanese -The Burakumin emigrated from other lands in the fourteenth century

Which example best illustrates the concept of code-switching?

A Latina high school student speaks unaccented English at her racially diverse high school, but switches to a blend of Spanish and English at home and with close friends

Identify the consequences of making everyone (Whites and others) more aware of Whiteness as a racial category.

Consequences: -It encourages some Whites to embrace White consciousness in racist fashion -It removes the assumption that Whiteness is normal and nonwhiteness is deviant Not consequences: -It eliminates White privilege -It reinforces White privilege

Identify the roles that social media plays in the Black Lives Matter movement.

Roles: -Social media brings attention to police violence -Social media provides a platform for organizing Not roles: -Social media allows police and protesters to speak more directly to each other -Social media aids in the spread of misinformation campaigns

An 1851 article in Harper's Weekly described a certain racial group as having a "small and somewhat upturned nose" and skin with a "black tint." What minority group was the article referring to?

Irish immigrants

Place the events in the history of racial classification in chronological order.

-The right to citizenship was limited to "free White persons" -An influx of European immigrants changed the ethnic makeup of the United States -Congress imposed a quota system limiting immigration from some nations -Immigration from Europe slowed dramatically while immigration from the United States to the North grew markedly

Identify the true and false statements about the eugenics movement.

True statements: -Eugenicists contended that social, physical, and psychological traits were passed down within racial groups -Eugenics is a pseudoscience, long discredited among the scientific community -Eugenics was used to support programs to control fertility and immigration to limit the presence of certain racial groups within the population False statements: -Eugenics is an untested scientific theory -Eugenics has been used to promote racial understanding and celebrate differences between racial groups

Place the descriptions about employers in the correct location on Robert Merton's diagram of prejudice and discrimination.

-(top left) The employer refers to all Mexican Americans as "webacks," doesn't like them, and won't hire them -(top right) The employer doesn't trust Filipinos but knows this is socially unacceptable, so people are hired based on race neutral criteria -(bottom left) The employer firmly believes that all races are equal but avoids hiring Koreans on the grounds that they are standoffish and won't blend in well with the rest of the company -(bottom right) The employer hires a White person at a minority-owned business, based on stronger qualifications, despite disapproval of some current employees

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence about the interview with Maria Abascal. Maria Abascal's research found that [] research participants gave preferential treatment to those of their own race when reminded of a growing non-White population whereas [] participants showed a tendency to treat people equally in the same scenario.

-White -Black

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about a newly emerged form of racism. Old-fashioned racism is based on the idea of [] traits that make some people better than others. The new racism, called "[] racism," uses [] rhetoric; it blames the troubles of minority groups on their different [].

-unchangeable -color-blind -race neutral -cultures

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. Reverend Minister Samuel Stanhope Smith's argument that dark skin was a(n) [] conveyed his belief in []. A similar saying today would be that "race is only []."

-universal freckle -ontological equality -skin deep

Place each description in the table according to whether it applies to Arabs or Muslims.

Arabs: -Most in United States are Christian -ethnicity Muslims: -One-third are South Asian -religion

In American law, a rule once widely used declared that "one drop" of Black blood makes one Black. Identify the effects of the one-drop rule.

Effects: -It put all Blacks on the same side of the racial divide -It was used to enforce anti-miscegenation laws Not effects: -It provided an easy, logical test of who was Black and who was not -It introduced differences between "pure" Whites and "impure" Whites

Identify whether or not the following scenarios are examples of racialization.

Examples: -Following 9/11, Muslims and those who were thought to be Muslim experienced an increase in hate crimes, from harassment to physical violence -Following an influx of Irish immigrants in the mid-1800s, popular periodicals began to portray the Irish with exaggerated physical features and criticize their cultural practices Not examples: -Following changes in immigration law in the 1960s, the United States experienced an influx of immigrants -Following media accounts of police violence toward Black men in the 2010s, civil rights activists staged protests and rallies

Identify the examples of how the decriminalization of marijuana perpetuates racialized wealth inequality between Blacks and Whites.

Examples: -More Whites than Blacks have been awarded contracts to sell marijuana -African Americans are more likely than Whites to be arrested for using marijuana Not examples: -Blacks are more likely to use marijuana than are Whites -Marijuana carries longer sentences than cocaine in some states

Instructional racism occurs when a seemingly race-neutral policy or social dynamic disadvantages minority groups. Identify the example of institutional racism.

Examples: -tax laws that ease the tax burden on the very wealthy -the phenomenon of "White flight," which holds down home values in predominantly Black neighborhoods -higher penalties associated with crack cocaine than with the powdered form -instituting "stop and frisk" policies, where police officers stop and search individuals they think are acting suspiciously Not examples: -businesses that have an unstated policy of avoiding hiring certain minorities in preference over other minorities

Identify the following qualities as characteristic of either race or ethnicity.

Race: -externally imposed -unequal -exclusive Ethnicity: -fluid and multiple -voluntary -planar

Identify the reasons why stereotype of Asian Americans as a "model minority" is inaccurate and harmful.

Reasons: -The stereotype places an outsize burden on Asian youth -Not all Asian American groups fit the stereotype Not reasons: -Asian Americans as a group are no different from anyone else -It prevents Asian Americans from assimilating into US culture

According to the interview with Kevin Lewis, what increases the likelihood that someone will initiate an interracial relationship through a dating app?

Someone of another race initiates contact with them on the app

Place in chronological order the events that lead to the formation of Black ghettos in the first part of the twentieth century.

-Demographic trends and structural changes in the economy increased competition for jobs -The social boundary between Blacks and Whites hardened -Property owners and police cooperated to maintain segregated neighborhoods -Federal aid to home purchasers favored Whites over Blacks -"Urban renewal" projects forced Blacks to relocate into crime-ridden public housing projects

Place in chronological order the events that led up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, in which at least 800,000 members of the Tutsi tribe were massacred by members of the Hutu tribe.

-Hutus and Tutsis are living together in relative harmony -Belgium, as the local colonial power, institutes a class hierarchy that favors the minority Tutsis over the majority Hutus -Following Rwandan independence in 1962, the Hutus take control the government. Ethnic tensions simmer for three decades -Three years of failed crops put Rwanda's social fabric under strain -The Hutus take out their frustrations on the Tutsis, killing hundreds of thousands

Our current concept of race is the product of a series of historical developments. Place the events in chronological order.

-Skin color and other physical traits were attributed to environmental factors -Sorting people into distinct races was a handy justification for colonialism -Darwin introduced the idea of evolution through the natural selection of inherited traits -Darwin's theory was applied to social policy, to judge some people "fitter" than others

Place the historical events in chronological order.

-The Supreme Court decides Plessy v. Ferguson -Allied forces fight the racist regime of Nazi Germany -The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education -Mandatory busing is used to desegregate schools -Integration of schools through compulsory busing is widely rejected as unacceptable

Identify whether or not the following are examples of symbolic ethnicity.

Examples: -American of Irish descent celebrating St. Patrick's Day -After spending a year abroad in Germany, where her great-grandparent was from, a college student celebrates Oktoberfest each year Not examples: -requiring genealogical proof to be considered Native American -Chinese Americans celebrating Lunar New Year

Imagine an ethnicity called Naim. The Naim are descendants of a large population of immigrants who moved to the United States several generation before. The Naim are White, but have developed their own distinctive cultural traits. Identify the factors that would make someone more likely to claim membership in the Naim ethnicity.

Factors: -The individual otherwise identifies as White -There is no stigma or discrimination associated with claiming a Naim ethnicity Not factors: -A Naim ethnicity is very common -Strong and negative stereotypes are associated with Naim ancestry

Identify the true and false statements about the US penal system.

True statements: -Nearly half of all Black men will be arrested before the age of 23 -Today, the majority of the prison population consists of Black and Latinos False statements: -In the 1960s, the prison population was mostly Black

Identify the true and false statements about race.

True statements: -Race is about bloodlines -Race is a social construct False Statements: -Race is by definition always about differences in physical appearance -Race is not real