InQuizitive: Chapter 13: A House Divided, 1840-1861

Select on the map the shaded area showing the Mexican Cession of 1848.

Area including present-day CA, AZ, NV, and UT.

The first part of Mexico to be settled by large numbers of Americans was Tijuana.

False.

Using the map that describes the results of the Compromise of 1850, label each of the organized western territories as free or slave territory.

Free Territory: CA Slave Territory: Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory

Select on the map the territorial acquisition that completed the United States' present territorial boundaries on the North American continent (excluding Alaska).

Gadsden Purchase.

Identify the arguments made by these American political figures during the Great Debate that led to the Compromise of 1850.

John C. Calhoun: rejected any idea of compromise on slavery. Daniel Webster: wanted to abandon the Wilmont Proviso if it meant sectional peace. William H. Seward: argued that a "higher law" than the constitution-the law of morality-condemned slavery, and so southerners had no right to claim that abolition was a violation of their constitutional rights.

What arguments by Blacks activists helped inspire John Brown's antislavery efforts?

Many black activists believed that MORAL SUASION alone would not convince Americans to abolish slavery. Henry Highland Garnet believed that no oppressed people had ever secured liberty without VIOLENCE.

Select on the map the start and finish points of the treacherous Oregon Trail.

Point from Missouri to Portland.

Which factors helped promote the rise of southern nationalism?

Some southerners believed that THE NORTH reaped the benefits of the cotton trade without fronting the costs of slavery while SOUTHERNERS fell deep into debt. Others believed the Southerners did not need the Union because the region could become the center of a slave empire encompassing the Caribbean, Central America, and MEXICO.

According to the text, how has John Brown been viewed since his death?

Supporters of both left and right political ideologies REVERE him for taking direct action against an institution he considered IMMORAL. Black leaders view him as the rare white person willing to personally sacrifice for the cause of RACIAL JUSTICE.

When John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry failed and he was tried for treason, his last words before he was executed on December 2, 1859, were, "I ... am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood." What did his quotation foreshadow?

The Civil War.

Identify the statements that correctly describe the reactions to the annexation of Texas.

1. A letter by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun to President Tyler...goal of strengthening slavery in the United States. 2. Prospective presidential candidates...might lead to war with Mexico.

Identify the main battles and protagonists in relation to the Texas Revolt.

1. Battle of San Jacinto: Texan victory over Santa Anna. 2. Battle of the Alamo: Mexican victory over the forces of Texas. 3. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna: president and general of the Mexican Republican. 4. Sam Houston: first president and general of the Republic of Texas.

Identify the elements of Crittenden's plan to save the Union.

1. It guaranteed slavery in states where it already existed. 2. It would extend the Missouri Compromise...between slavery and free soil states.

Why did Abraham Lincoln Senator Crittenden's plan to save the Union?

1. Lincoln refused to compromise on the issue of the expansion of slavery. 2. Lincoln believed that the compromise undermined the results of the 1860 election. 3. Lincoln feared that Crittenden's reference...other territory suited to slavery.

What does it reveal about continental expansion through 1853?

1. Northern Maine was acquired from Great Britain in 1842. 2. Florida was purchased in 1819. It became a territory of the United States in 1822 and a state by 1845. 3. The territory of Texas extended beyond the contemporary state boundaries into present-day New Mexico and Colorado when it was annexed in 1845.

Which of the following statements are true about the election of 1844?

1. President John Tyler used Texas annexation to facilitate his campaign and gain support from southerners. 2. Whig candidate Henry Clay rejected annexation of Texas because he did not want to inflame sectional tensions.

Which of the following statements describe the Republican stance of slavery and labor?

1. Republicans were not abolitionists...not attacking it where it already existed. 2. Republicans acknowledged that it...create more opportunities for them.

Match the items relating to the territorial expansion of the United States in the 1840s to their correct descriptions.

1. Sam Houston: president and military leader of the Republic of Texas 2. Commodore Matthew Perry: opened Japan to American trade. 3. The Gadsden Purchase: parcel of land purchased from Mexico in 1853. 4. Gold Rush; caused a massive influx of settlers to California.

Review the author video on the expansion of slavery.

1. Southerners believed that slavery was like any other form...newly acquired territory. 2. Southerners argued that they fought in the Mexican War...workers into the newly acquired territory.

The Free Soil Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into the West. Identify the reasons people supported the Free Soil Party platform.

1. The Free Soil platform appealed to racist thinking in the North as it did not include emancipation or equal rights. 2. The Free Soil Party would create more free states, which would break Southern domination of the federal government. 3. Northerners saw moving West as a form of economic betterment, so it the Free Soil Party blocked slavery's expansion, ordinary Americans wouldn't have to compete with plantations to have access to the land.

Which of the following provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act proved controversial?

1. The Fugitive Slave Act now prohibited state and local governments from intervening on behalf of fugitive slaves within their jurisdictions. 2. Fugitive slaves who were apprehended in the North were now subject to federal commissions that decided their fate outside the control of local and state laws.

The path leading the nation to civil war culminated in the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861. Place the following key events in chronological order.

1. The Mexican War 2. The Compromise of 1850 3. The Dred Scott Decision 4. The Election of Abraham Lincoln.

What does this map reveal about the U.S. railroad network in the 1850s?

1. The North had the highest concentration of railroad mileage in the United States. 2. Trunk lines linked eastern industrial centers with western farming and commercial centers.

Which of the following events that took place between 1855 and 1856 helped fuel the rise of the Republican Party?

1. The brutal caning of Charles Sumner. 2. Stephen Douglas's policy of "popular sovereignty' was discredited by "Bleeding Kansas."

How did the Confederate States of America's constitution differ from the Constitution of the United States of America?

1. The executive served for a six-year term. 2. The Confederate constitution explicitly guaranteed enslaved people as property in both the states and in any newly acquired territory.

What facts about the development of the U.S. railroad network as of the 1850s are reflected in the map?

1. The expansion of the network more or less stopped at the Mississippi River. 2. The main purpose of the railroad was to serve the needs of commercial industry. 3. The North benefited from the expansion of the network far more than the South.

What facts about the California gold rush are reflected in the map?

1. The gold rush drew many newcomers to California. 2. Gold seekers arrived in California by both ship and land. 3. The Sierra Nevada mountains were the center of mining activity.

After analyzing the following presidential election map, determine which statements reflect the election of 1860.

1. Upper South states, such as Tennessee and Virginia, supported a moderate candidate like John Bell. 2. Among the states that the Republicans lost in 1856, but won in 1860, were California and Pennsylvania.

Select the areas of the map that were open to slavery by popular sovereignty in the 1850s.

1. Utah Territory 2. New Mexico Territory 3. Nebraska Territory 4. Kansas Territory

Analyze the "Voices of Freedom" document in the chapter, titled Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession (1860). Then, complete the following statement.

South Carolina's Declaration of Secession argued that South Carolina seceded from the Union because northerners have ENCOURAGED runaway slaves, elected a president HOSTILE to slavery and its expansion, and worked to MINIMIZE the power of slaveholding states.

Complete the passage describing the Dred Scott decision

The Supreme Court ruling Dred Scott v. Sandford held out hope of settling the slavery controversy once and for all. Scott had accompanied his owner to Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery was ILLEGAL. Scott sued for his freedom, claiming that residence on FREE SOIL made him free. The Supreme Court ruled that ONLY WHITE PERSONS could be citizens of the United States.

Analyze the two presidential election maps, and then complete the following passage.

The presidential election of 1856 exposed that the nation's political parties had reoriented along sectional lines. Democrat JAMES BUCHANAN won the entire South whereas Republican JOHN C. FREMONT carried the majority of the northern free states. This striking sectional divide CONTINUED four years later, as Abraham Lincoln won the presidency without a single vote from ten SOUTHERN states.

Select the passages where the residents describe their intent to disobey the new law.

1. "When an enactment, falsely calling itself law...upon sense of justice, we take our stand against the imposition." 2. "When our sense of decency...till then, never." 3. "Be the consequence what it may...this thing you call law we will not obey."