Inquizitive - Chapter 25: The Sixties, 1960—1968

Roe v. Wade was a controversial Supreme Court case that ended the ban on marriage between races that had been the law since the colonial era.

False

Place the following events regarding the Cuban missile crisis in chronological order.

01 A U-2 spy plane discovers Soviet missile silos in Cuba 02 U.S military advisers propose invasion of Cuba from Florida. 03 JFK orders quarantine of the Cuban island by the U.S. Navy 04 Soviets remove missiles from Cuba, and the United States removes missiles from Turkey.

The year 1968 had a profound impact on the psyche of the American spirit as one crisis after another made headlines. Place in chronological order the following events that signaled the symbolic and climactic end of the 1960s.

01 The Tet offensive shattered public confidence in Lyndon Johnson's administration. 02 Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection after almost losing the New Hampshire primary. 03 Martin Luther King Jr. was killed in Memphis while supporting a garbage workers' strike. 04 Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated.

In the mid-1960s, violent outbreaks in predominately African-American communities outside the South drew attention to the national scope of racial injustice and to inequalities in jobs, education, and housing that existed across the country. Match each event below to the location on the map where it took place. 01. the site of the first large-scale confrontations between police and black protesters in 1964 02. 50,000 protestors faced off against 15,000 National Guardsmen in the 1965 uprising that began days after the Voting Rights Act was signed into law. 03. More than forty people died in this 1967 uprising that also caused hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage.

01. New Jersey 02. California 03. Michigan

While Kennedy focused on ________ for most of his administration, Johnson focused on __________.

Cold War Domestic Reform

Review the following video featuring author Eric Foner. Why did social and political upheaval reach global proportions in 1968?

Correct Answer(s) -Martin Luther King Jr., a leader of the civil rights movement, was assassinated. -The international community was outraged over the Tet offensive in Vietnam. -New Left students were protesting the Vietnam War in France and Italy. Incorrect Answer(s) -John F. Kennedy was elected president.

Analyze the following passage from the "Statement of Purpose" by the National Organization for Women. What social changes does NOW believe are necessary to enable women to enjoy equality and freedom?

Correct Answer(s) -NOW wanted more women to have the opportunity to participate in the public sphere. Incorrect Answer(s) -NOW sought more accessibility to contraceptives and information on reproductive health. -NOW encouraged women to delay marriage and have fewer children.

The Alliance for Progress was Kennedy's attempt to do for Latin America what the Marshall Plan did for Western Europe. Why did the Alliance fail in Latin America?

Correct Answer(s) -The plan involved far smaller sums of money than the Marshall Plan. -The local elites who controlled the aid money enriched themselves, rather than helping the poor. Incorrect Answer(s) -The new loans quickly solved the indebtedness in the region and Latin America refused to accept future American loans. -The United States provided wholehearted support to only those countries that supported communism.

Analyze the image below. What does it reveal about public reaction to the president's death?

Correct Answer(s) -The president's death captivated the nation. -The shock of the president's death overshadowed the upcoming presidential election. Incorrect Answer(s) -Americans were more interested in news about the civil rights movement. -African-Americans were upset about his death because he had recently called for a law banning discrimination in all places of public accommodation.

The counterculture was a youth movement that exposed the generation gap between the baby boomers and their parents. What values were endorsed by the counterculture?

Correct Answer(s) -community Incorrect Answer(s) -unbending rules -consumerism -suburban housing

Identify the statements that describe the March on Washington in August 1963.

Correct Answer(s) -t was the largest public demonstration in American history (at the time). -It represented significant collaboration between whites and blacks to further the civil rights cause. -Martin Luther King Jr. cited the Declaration of Independence in his speech. Incorrect Answer(s) -Martin Luther King Jr. read his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail to the crowd.

In the election of 1964, Lyndon Johnson won by an electoral landslide. His opponent, ultraconservative Barry Goldwater, who had voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, won the Deep South. What did this election demonstrate about the country in the mid-1960s?

Most Americans were ready to grant African-Americans rights.

When ________ patrol boats fired on an American vessel, Johnson proclaimed that the United States was a victim of "aggression." In response, Congress passed the ______ resolution, authorizing the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam. Only two members of the U.S. Senate voted against it and everyone in the House of Representatives approved it, giving Johnson a blank check in his attempt to expand military involvement in __________.

North Vietnamese Gulf of Tonkin Indochina

The ________ largely focused on economic equality and social citizenship, whereas the __________ challenged mainstream America. The New Left, inspired largely by ________,hungered for authenticity that affluence could not provide.

Old Left New Left the black freedom movement

At the 1964 Republican National Convention, Arizona senator Barry Goldwater delivered a speech accepting his party's nomination for president. In the brief excerpt below, identify the passage that illustrates Goldwater's belief in a small federal government that empowers government at the local level.

Our towns and our cities, then our counties, then our states, then our regional contacts and only then, the national government. That, let me remind you, is the ladder of liberty, built by decentralized power

On the political _____, the Young Americans for Freedom supported the Sharon Statement manifesto, whereas those on the political _______, including the Students for a Democratic Society, supported the Port Huron Statement manifesto. The moderates in the middle muddled through without a manifesto. Nixon would dub these moderates the _____ later in the decade.

Right Left Silent majority

Both the left-wing Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the conservative Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) emphasized the importance of youth in bringing about social change. Which assertions belong to the SDS's Port Huron Statement and which belong to the YAF's Sharon Statement?

Sharon Statement: -The gravest threat facing the world is international communism. -The workings of the free market are the greatest guarantor of personal freedom. Port Huron Statement: -Society would be improved by the adoption of the principle of "participatory democracy" in all aspects of life. -Existing institutions such as political parties and corporations are deeply undemocratic and corrupt.

Barry Goldwater's __________ warned against domestic dangers to freedom. He advocated for the substitution of private charity for public welfare programs and Social Security, and the abolition of the _________. He also called for a ___________ aggressive U.S. military policy, arguing that nuclear war might be "the price of freedom.

The Conscience of a Conservative graduated income tax more

Kennedy's plan for Cuba escalated from fanning a revolt to an amphibious landing by several hundred Cubans trained by the CIA in Guatemala, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. Identify the ultimate result of this expedition.

The invasion failed with more than 100 killed and many more captured.

1968 was a tumultuous year that witnessed movements and demonstrations across the globe challenge existing institutions and power structures. Match each of the following events of 1968 to the location where they occurred.

soldiers fire on student protesters on the eve of the Summer Olympics Mexico City, Mexico workers join a student protest, creating a general strike effectively shutting down the country for more than a month Paris, France a peaceful march advocating religious freedom for Catholics is attacked by police Belfast, Northern Ireland