Install and Maintain Windows

extended file allocation table (exFAT)

2006. Improved over FAT32. Not as compatible, but works with new MACs, all Windows. Does Not work on Linux w/out 3rd party software. More supporters than NTFS. Used for bigger files/partition limits, but more compatibility needed compared to NTFS. MOST COMMON FOR MEMORY CARDS (e.g. cameras n such)

Multiboot

>1 OS installed on 1 drive; either can be loaded. Each OS needs a partition. Boot manager displays a menu for choosing which to load upon boot. They DO NOT run at the same time. NOT VIRTUALIZATION

Real time scan on access

Antivirus scans whenever something connects.

NetBoot

Apple's PXE. Computers boot from MacOS in remote locations. Useful for high volume.

First screen seen on boot

Boot screen

Compact Disc File System (CDFS)

CD data = file system. Gives file/volume attr, file placement. Used for burning discs shared between computers. Not OS specific.

Kinds of Local Boot

CD-ROM and DVD, USB, Internal Hard Drive

Driver install

Check device manager for warning/error symbols on drivers.

Windows update

Check for these on install

Definition files

Contain info about malware/viruses. Used by antivirus to detect malware/viruses.

Unattended Installation/Image Deployment process

Create an image, then use image to install OS. Use Windows ADK (Assessment and Deployment Kit) for deployment.

Recovery Partition/Repair Installation

Created by most OEMs. Hit specific keystroke (varies by OEM) on boot to get device tools. Allows you to repair installation (fix OS issues)

logical partitions

Created within extended partitions. do not have to fill the entire extended partition.

Windows 10 Media Creation Tool

Creates installation media for another PC OR upgrades windows on the host

Basic (partition type)

Default for new drive installations. Independent of other disks. Allows only 1 disk to have the same partition structure in all partitions.

Partitioning

Dividing up memory segments

Install thru USB

Format drive connected thru USB -> Mark USB drive's partition as active -> Copy Paste contents of windows image -> Connect USB drive to new PC -> Open boot Menu on new computer -> Begin windows install

How to view partitions

Go through Disk Management.

USB Booting

Includes external, flash, hot-swappable drives. USBS can be made bootable to run or install Windows. You can get USB expansion devices using hard drives (i.e. you can plug in a hard drive storing windows thru the USB slot and then install windows from that drive)

Over the Network Boot

Kind of boot used for several linked devices

Master Boot Record (MBR)

Legacy partition scheme. Only supports disks up to 2TB, max 4 partitions b4 need extended partition.

ext3/4

Linux file systems. etx3 used in the 2000s, replaced by ext4. Supports file sizes up to 16GB. Supports 1 exabyte for file system. Improves performance/reliability over etx3.

Volume

Logical partition accessible to user.

Types of partition tables

MBR and GPT.

New Technology File System (NFTS)

MOST COMMONLY USED IN WINDOWS. Modern, advanced. Per-file compression, security, transitioning. Compatible with all Windows. Read-only on Mac and Linux. iOS, Android, consoles, etc. don't support it at all. Best suited for Windows drives.

Internal Hard Drive (Partition) Boot

Make a partition of internal drive. Allows machine to boot normally to internal storage, partition, or SSD. Once the OS is installed, it automatically sets BIOS to boot from partition where OS is installed.

PXE

Need UEFI/BIOS to access. Enables UEFI/BIOS to seek install files on the network.

Windows Upgrade

Obvious. Data and programs RETAINED FROM EARLIER VERSION. Can't upgrade from 32-bit to 64-bit; That would require a clean install. can result in problems from the old operating system leaking over into the new install.

file allocation table (FAT32)

Older, based on FAT. Works well on all OS because it's old. Very compatible with USBs. Flash drives are usually formatted with this. Bad because files can't go over 4GB, partitions can't go past 8TB. Good for removable drives that'll be used on a bunch of devices.

Network File System (NFS)

Oldest file system (made in 84). Newer versions are secure, allow for large files, and stateful protocols.

Extended Partition

Partition with multiple logical partitions. A disk can only have one of these, but it can be divided into logical partitions. Cannot hold OS. May contains free space that can be used for logical files.

How to maintain computers

Regularly run maintenance routines. Schedule backups to backup your data, preferably somewhere else (e.g. the cloud). DO this thru Backup and Restore. Schedule disk maintenance to diagnose/fix disk errors. Includes defrag, chkdsk, disk cleanup. Update windows regularly. Apply patches. Go to the OEM website to update the firmware. Update antivirus.

Quick Format

Removes all files on volume; no problem scan

Full Format

Removes all files; scans 4 bad sectors. Preferred for clean installs to ensure the disk is good.

Factory recovery partition

Special hard drive partition used for restoration. Make sure it's present, get media for recovery disks.

Create a restore point

Start > Control Panel > System > System Protection > Create (in System Protection Dialogue Box) > Type restore point description > Wait > Close

Install thru DVD

Start computer -> Goto BIOS -> Change boot order w/ optical disc first -> Save changes, restart -> Start OS install from DVD.

Restoring

Undoes recent changes. Requires a user to make a restore point b4 problem, or use a system-made restore point from b4 problem.

GPT

Up to 18 exabytes. USED IN FAVOR OF MBR.

CD-ROM Boot

Use bootable disk (has install files for OS). requires checking the UEFI/BIOS firmware. You also need to set the optical drive before any other bootable device.

Extended Hierarchy File System (HFS Plus)

Used by Apple devices. Same as NTFS, but cannot natively encrypt folders/files. Support 8EB file size.

Windows ADK

Used for making answer files and images

Local Boot

Used for small numbers of installs

3rd party drivers

Used on OS install whenever Windows drivers don't install correctly. Download from OEM website.

Network-based installers

Used to install apps/drivers over large # machines. Group Policy Objects used in windows to remotely install apps from networked folders. All these apps need admin permission to use sys resources. Check drive permissions.

Backup and Restore

Used to save backups from disk. Make sure to backup to a DVD, external drive, network share, etc. Can create recovery images if the hard drive crashes to restore the system (yay, I don't have to reinstall anything!).

Clean Install

Wipe everything, then install OS. Data and programs not retained. Requires a reboot. need to instruct the BIOS/UEFI to boot from a bootable media containing installer. On finish, install apps (e.g. obtaining any license information). Backup the system beforehand

Answer file

XML file that contains options for Windows Setup (how to partition, where to find image, which product key to use).

Do you need to set date, time, region, language settings on install

Yeah, you'll be prompted to set these up.

Primary Partitions

an Operating System can be (and must be) installed on this kind of partition. Boot files must be stored on these.

File sys

created to prepare partitions. aids in organizing/getting files from storage medium. Groups data into directories/folders which can be nested.

Clear a computer for Clean install

format the disk, then partition it, and then prepare a file system.

Dynamic (type of partition)

not limited to single disk/volume. Uses volumes called dynamic volumes that can span multiple drives (exist on two hard disks).

Resetting

reinstalls windows, deletes everything except preinstalled apps.

Refreshing

reinstalls windows, keeps user personal files, settings, apps that came with computer and those installed from windows store.

Image

snapshot of ideal system; copied to other systems.

Remote Booting

start or install OS from remote location. Connect multiple devices to a shared drive with the OS.

Booting from any media allows you to either start

the operating system (from the media) or an installer.

When you install an operating system, its files get copied to

the primary partition of the hard drive.

Booting

the process of starting up a computer

swap partition

type of Linux partition that uses swap space (virtual memory that allows a system to use drive space as a supplement to RAM). Pages of data from the RAM can be written on to the swap space to free up RAM. The swap partition uses a minimal file system that is used by the memory manager. Swap partitions cannot be used for regular storage of data.

MBR and GPT

ways of storing partition info on drive; lets OS know what sectors belong to each partition, where they start, which are bootable. must choose one before partitioning.