International Legal

The Bureau of Customs and Border Protection is administered by the:

Department of Homeland Security.

Which of the following is not a function of the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection?

Ensuring importer compliance with the Incoterms

Customs is barred from bringing a civil action to collect an import duty after:

Five Years

_________ quotas are imposed on a particular product regardless of origin, while ________ quotas spread the total limit across several specific countries.

Global; allocated

In U.S. v. Mandel, how did the court answer the question of whether the Secretary of Commerce needed reveal the records relied on in deciding to place particular items a control list?

Government did not have to reveal, because this was a political question which cannot be reviewed.

Art. I, Sec. 8 of the US Constitution

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states is found in:

The power of a president to issue Executive Orders do not include:

The power to replace federal statutes and the power to create a new law in a "void" area in which Congress has not acted.

His judicial power delegated by the courts

The president derives his power and authority to deal with foreign commerce and international trade from all of the following sources except:

The two principal agencies that regulate the export of goods from the U.S. are:

U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of State.

law of the land

Under the Constitution, a treaty is considered:

The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act provides the president with a mechanism:

for lowering U.S. tariffs and encouraging other countries to lower their rates as well.

The International Trade Commission is:

the agency that prepares reports on matters related to international economics and trade for Congress.

Liquidation of goods by the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection refers to:

the assessment of applicable duties.

To determine the dutiable status of goods, it is necessary to know their classification, country of origin, and details pertaining to:

value.

In response to the petition for relief filed by Harley-Davidson Motor Company:

the commission recommended that declining incremental duties on imported motorcycles be imposed for five years.

When a nation that belongs to WTO imposes a tariff or quota on imported products, it is supposed to do so within the guidelines established by GATT. If it does not do so within GATT's guidelines:

the offending nation may be subject to a proceeding pursuant to the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding.

In 1949, NATO's COCOM was created:

to control the exporting of goods with military applications to communist countries.

the multiple taxation doctrine.

A state's authority to tax a business engaged in foreign commerce is determined by:

A 99% refund of duties and taxes paid on merchandise that is imported, subjected to manufacture or production, and then exported within five years is called a:

manufacturing drawback.

The principle that limits restrictions on trade to the lowest level possible to achieve the goals for which they are imposed is:

principle of least-restrictive trade.

Aeroflop, a U.S. firm, wants to sell several million dollars-worth of airplanes to a government-owned airline in a European country famous for cheese. In order to get the contract, Aeroflop agrees to pay a 5% kickback to another U.S. company if that company agrees to buy all of its cheese from a seller in that European country.

Aeroflop's sale is prohibited because the Agreement on Government Procurement prohibits offsets.

Which of the following is an example of a specific or flat tariff?

A $10 tariff on each barrel of petroleum

Which of the following is an example of an ad valorem tariff?

A 15% tariff on the value of a shipment of t-shirts

When the president decides to impose export controls for national security or foreign policy reasons, the following businesses may be adversely affected:

All of these are correct.: subsidiaries of U.S. companies having contracts with nations targeted by U.S. foreign policy. businesses who cooperate with Arab nations in boycotting Israel.farmers whose crops are in short supply.

In the United States, the office that initially reviews and rules on license applications is the:

Bureau of Industry and Security.

Which is not a current issue regarding export controls?

Can the State Department both promote trade and commerce and control exports?

Countries must rely on internationally accepted standards or recommendations for the protection of their plants, animals, and foodstuffs. The most notable are found in the _____.

Codex Alimentarius

Which of the following statements is true regarding trade in agriculture?

Most countries impose strict restrictions on both raw and processed food products.

Which of the following statements is not true?

The Department of Commerce will not recommend the decontrol of a product on grounds that a non-U.S. item of comparable quality is available rendering the control ineffective.

Enforcement of the U.S. export laws is the function of the:

Office of Export Enforcement.

What order does the classification follow when there are two possible classifications for goods?

Relative specificity; essential character of the goods; the latest heading that occurs in the schedule

Regarding Thailand's importation of cigarettes:

Thailand's licensing system for cigarettes was not justified.

A tariff is:

both an import duty and a tax levied on goods being brought into a country.

In non-market economy countries, the determination of foreign market value is usually based on:

both the use of "constructed value." and third country sales.

In determining the description of an article under the tariff schedules, the courts rely on:

common meaning and scientific authorities and expert witnesses.

In determining if a sale is less than fair value, the International Trade Administration:

compares the foreign market value of the imported product with the U.S. price.

Tariffs serve all of the following purposes except:

enhancement of flow of commerce.

The "escape clause" of the GATT agreement derives its name from the fact that:

it permits a country to escape from its previously negotiated tariff obligations.

Many countries grant preferential tariff treatment to select countries to help those countries' economic development. For example, the United States grants preferential tariff treatment to:

Haiti and many sub-Saharan African nations.

Xerox Corp. manufactured parts for copy machines in the U.S. that were shipped to Mexico for assembly. The copiers were designed to be sold to Latin America and did not operate on U.S. electric current. The copiers after assembly were kept in U.S. customs warehouses pending sale to Latin America. These goods were free of import duty by federal law. The city of Houston, Texas, assessed these copiers with a local property tax. Xerox sued to have this tax declared unconstitutional. The court decided: I. That Xerox must pay all this tax because state/local governments have taxing powers just like the U.S. II. That Xerox must pay only one-half since state/local governments are one-half partners with the federal government. III. That this law is preempted by federal law.

III only.

Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 provides authority for the president to do what, if barriers to U.S. trade are not lifted?

Use retaliation in the form of duties or quotas

The dutiable value of imported goods includes the price actually paid or payable when sold for exportation plus all of the following items if not included in the purchase price, with the exception of:

export fees paid by the seller.

If country A gives favorable tax treatment to XYZ, Inc. a corporation in country A, because XYZ, Inc. exports a large number of widgets, this tax break is referred to as a(n):

export subsidy.

When a law or regulation of the federal government directly conflicts with those of a U.S. state or local government, the federal law will generally prevail. This is known as:

federal preemption.

Subsidies in non-market economy countries are difficult to determine because:

foreign trade decisions are made by the state trading organization and exports benefit from many economic advantages designed to meet an overall plan.

A subsidy exists where the government has conferred a benefit to a domestic firm or industry, except:

grants to research universities.

In United States v. Mousavi, the federal court upheld the conviction of criminal charges against the defendant under IEEPA and the Iranian Transaction Regulations and rejected his defense that:

he did not willfully violate a specific law or regulation.

The WTO is overseen by the Ministerial Conference, which is made up of:

high-ranking representatives from all WTO member nations.

The concept that runs throughout the GATT requires that the products of all nations be treated equally and without discrimination by importing nations. This is the principal behind:

most-favored-nation trade.

In Briggs and Stratton Corp. v. Baldridge, Briggs was blacklisted by Arab countries because of its compliance with U.S. anti-boycott regulations. Briggs subsequently brought a lawsuit claiming damages as a result of U.S. government action. Specifically, Briggs demanded "just compensation" under the Fifth Amendment "takings clause." The court:

refused relief because Briggs's property had not been "seized or restrained."

Goods re-exported without having been significantly altered after being imported are subject to a refund of duties paid known as a:

same condition drawback.

The majority of the gross domestic product in the U.S. is produced by:

service industries.

ISO 9000 refers to:

standards used for assuring product quality through product design and manufacturing process.

A law or regulation affecting a product's characteristics that must be met before a product can enter a country is a:

technical regulation.

According to GATT, quotas are considered acceptable devises for regulating trade only where:

a nation is imposing a temporary safeguard to protect its balance of payments.

When a petition for import relief is filed with the International Trade Commission, the ITC conducts an investigation and must consider all the following factors except:

ability of industry to shift to production of other products.

Available forms of import relief include:

absolute quotas, auctioned quotas, and tariff increases (up to 50 percent).

The principal use of an article refers to:

the use that is greater than any other single use of the article.

Restrictions a nation places on foreign investment that adversely affect trade in goods or services are called:

trade-related investment measures.

The establishment and giving notice of new technical standards for products well in advance to permit foreign manufacturer and importer response is referred to as:

transparency