International Marketing Ch. 4 (this one)

Which of the following statements regarding cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is true?

Personal ambition and free will are valued and encouraged in these cultures.

The Individualism/Collective Index

It focuses on self-orientation.

In the context of thought processes, Asians

tend to see the entire picture rather than just the foreground when evaluating a situation.

A responsible effort to learn from the cultural ways of others in the quest for a solution to a society's problems is known as

cultural borrowing.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for governments having relatively little influence on cultural values when compared to family, religion, school, and the media?

Cultural values are usually set before and during adolescence.

Which of the following statements about individuals from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores is true?

They tend to distrust people who are not part of their groups.

Which of the following is true of cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores?

They usually think people should be treated equally, and they say power comes from knowledge.

Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?

Two cultures that speak the same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way.

Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in an open-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as

cultural sensitivity.

_______ is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.

culture

The emergence of cola brands such as Mecca Cola and Arab Cola in the Middle East in the 2000s is a reflection of which of the following?

historic events affecting culture

People who come from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores often say that power and social status are derived from

inheritance. manipulation. social roles.

The concept of linguistic distance revolves around the notion that

it is less expensive to do business in a foreign country where people speak a language that is similar to that of the marketer.

Unlike individualistic societies, collective societies

link people strongly together through close-knit groups.

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores have

no liking for ambiguity.

What marketing strategy involves launching an effort to alter anything about a culture that stands in the way of the marketer's sales goals?

planned change

In most cultures, an infant's first experience with a social institution other than the home is most likely to be

religious.

Patterns of cultural behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated are known as

rituals.

Corporations alter cultures and prompt new ideas by

skillfully distributing innovative products and services.

Interpersonal relationships are strongly affected by _____ such as family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations.

social institutions

Which of the following statements about Jared Diamond's research regarding the influence of geography on international marketing is true?

He claimed that new ideas moved more quickly from east to west than from north to south.

Which of the following are advantages of cultural sensitivity in international marketing?

1. It reduces strife between marketers and their customers. 2. It enables communication between marketers and consumers.

How has birth control changed social institutions and cultural values?

1. School children are now discussing topics such as abstinence. 2. People now have smaller families.

Which of the following are characteristic of global marketers who understand cultural differences that affect their business operations?

1. They pay attention to cultural differences in markets they are attempting to enter. 2. They anticipate changes in markets where they are presently doing business.

Which types of government foundered during the 20th century?

1. communism 2. fascism

Which of the following will cause the countries within the European Union to become increasingly similar in what they need, what they want, and how they behave in the economic market?

1. global mass communications 2. countries depending more on one another, both economically and socially

Which of the following features are associated with cultures that score low on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index?

1. not much anxiety and stress 2. willing to put up with people who deviate from normal behavior 3. willing to take risks

To be culturally sensitive, an international marketer should

1. recognize how cultures change. 2. know how people resist change within their cultures. 3. understand how a culture began and what its essential beliefs are.

Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?

1. the media 2. schools 3. families

A culture is most likely to accept something new when _____. (Select all that apply.)

2. the innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much 3. people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation

Which of the following statements about cultural change is true?

A marketer assessing a society should remember that cultures are constantly changing.

Which of the following statements about the aesthetics of a culture is true?

Aesthetic symbols help customers characterize their own personalities within the context of culture.

Which of the following is a feature of language?

Around the world, the number of spoken languages has been dwindling.

Which of the following is a misconception regarding the economic unification of Europe?

As the economies of European nations are unified, consumers there want to buy the same products and services.

Which of the following statements about cultural borrowing is true?

Borrowed cultural facets are combined in such a way that they become unique to a particular society.

_____ refers to energy that supports life and travels through everyone's body and the environment, including the inside and outside of houses and places of employment.

Ch'i

Which of the following statements is true?

Governments have little influence over cultural values when compared to school, religion, family, and the media.

Philip Parker said geography influences economics in what way?

He contended that a country's latitude strongly affects its per capita GDP.

Which of the following statements about the origins of culture is true?

Historic events can affect technology, social institutions, culture, and behavior.

The ______ Index denotes an inclination toward behavior that advances a person's self-interest.

Individualism/Collectivism

Which of the following is true of the similar-but-different aspect of culture?

It can lead people to think that cultures have more in common than they actually do.

In what way is the culture changing in most countries?

It favors smaller families.

The Masculinity/Femininity Index

It focuses on assertiveness and achievement.

The Power Distance Index

It focuses on authority orientation.

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index

It focuses on risk orientation.

Which of the following statements regarding the European Union is true?

It has led marketers to the false conclusion that there is such a thing as the "European consumer."

Which of the following statements regarding international marketing is true?

It is easier to communicate with consumers who can read and write than with people who can understand only symbols.

Which of the following statements regarding cultural heritage is true?

It is one of the basic traits of human beings.

Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?

It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.

Which of the following statements about linguistic distance is true?

Large linguistic distances raise the price of international marketing.

Which of the following statements about international marketing is true?

Markets are molded by a marketer's promotion and distribution system, the region's economy, and various cultural influences.

What are the four primary dimensions along which the cultures of nations differ, according to Geert Hofstede?

Masculinity/Femininity Index Power Distance Index Uncertainty Avoidance Index Individualism/Collectivism Index

Which of the following statements about education as a social institution is true?

Nationwide literacy tends to help a country grow its economy rapidly.

What change has happened to American culture and social institutions?

People are spending time with media such as television and the Internet instead of socializing with their families.

The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is measured by the

Power Distance Index.

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their effect on a country's culture is true?

Religion has an enormous effect on a society's values.

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their influence on culture is true?

Societies become acquainted with most new products via businesses.

Which of the following statements about rituals is true?

The most obvious rituals take place when people are experiencing turning points in their lives.

How do social institutions affect cultural values?

They teach each new generation how to act in an acceptable way. They influence people to live in peace together.

Which of the following statements regarding cultural borrowing is true?

When people are introduced to a belief or practice from another culture and they approve of it, they incorporate it into their own culture.

Which of the following statements regarding the change in family as a social institution is true?

Women are delaying marriage, especially in Asia.

Which of the following best describes how birth control techniques have affected the lives of women in the past 50 years?

Women have more time to spend on their careers.

An individual with a high score on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index is most likely to

adhere to tested patterns of behavior.

The arts, folklore, music, drama, dance, dress, and cosmetics of a culture are known as its ______

aesthetics

Individuals from cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores

are likely to believe that obeying the rules is the best way to avoid risk.

Cultures that score high on the Power Distance Index

are often hierarchical.

In the context of best marketing practices in the European Union, international marketers must

avoid the belief that consumers throughout Europe want to purchase the same products.

Which types of government competed globally throughout most of the 20th century?

communism colonialism democracy fascism

A marketer who practices cultural _____ is offering products that are much like what is already being sold, and the new products are offered in a way that fits into the existing culture as much as possible.

congruence

Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market in order to reduce cultural resistance. Mastersource Inc. is engaging in cultural

congruence

Philip Parker's work indicates that managers should

consider a region's ambient temperature to be a market segmentation variable.

The loss of various spoken languages is part of a general

decrease in cultural distinctiveness around the world.

The Chinese practice of _____ refers to a connection between people and the universe to the energy that supports life and promotes balance and peace in a person's surroundings.

feng shui

When evaluating a situation, a Westerner is more likely to

focus on the central figures and not see much of the background.

Innovations most easily incorporated into a culture are those that

generate the most interest within society.

Cultures are always changing, and yet

they also resist change, which is one of their fundamental attributes.

An individual who scores low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is most likely to

think in terms of "we" instead of "I."

Randy works for a large manufacturing company. Though he is in management, his anxiety and stress levels are low. He likes to brainstorm with his colleagues and is open to exploring new ideas and taking risks. Which of the following is true of Randy?

uncertainty avoidance is low

Which of the following is a mistake sometimes made by marketers?

when doing business in a foreign country, ignoring how seriously the local people take their superstitions