Interpersonal Communication - Chp 6

Which of these statements promotes a homogeneous view of the genders?

"Every woman wants the same thing: to be listened to and understood."

Candace West & Don Zimmerman on Gender

(1987, 2009) argued that gender is not a "singular thing" (1987, p. 148), it is something we achieve and are held accountable for every day, emerging from social encounters.

Our understanding of the expected behaviors in a social setting, and the people with whom we are interacting, both influence how we do gender. For instance,

Teaching martial arts loud and aggressive. Teaching yoga:soft and moves with a certain fluidity. Have students tell us about teacher the classes would respond differently.

Which of these is an example of doing gender?

A man joins a small book club whose other members are all women, and he tries to fit in by not expressing strong opinions. The man acts in a certain way because he believes he has to in order to fit in with a group of women.

"Pink Tax:

Additionally, girls and women pay a tax for the female version of many products (see Table 6.2), spending more money for their purchases, even though they're essentially buying the same items as men (Ngabirano, 2017).

Gender is:expected, flexible, learned, interactional.

All of the options are correct.

Which of these examples does NOT illustrate a consequence of gender roles?

Amelia excels in her high school math class, but her teacher encourages her to pursue a degree in science instead.

Consequences of Gender Communication

Amelia was friends with a lot of boys when she was a little kid, and by the time she's 14, most of her friends are girls. Amelia excels in her high school math class, but her teacher encourages her to pursue a degree in science instead. Amelia feels a lot of pressure from her friends, though not her parents, to be pretty and demure. Amelia's parents restrict her behavior to a greater degree than they do her brother's.

(Messerschmidt, 2009, p. 86)

Because gender is something we "do in interaction with others" (Messerschmidt, 2009, p. 86), how we "do" gender changes as the roles, societal expectations, people, and settings change in our daily interactions.

gender polarization

Derek works in a grocery store whose bathroom signs say "all genders." This reflects a decrease in ________ within our society. in which "virtually every other aspect of human experience" is connected to male-female sex distinctions

Sex & Understanding Gender

Each of us is born with anatomical, biological distinctions. include differences in external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, hormones, and sex chromosomes. At birth we are assigned a "sex category," and our birth certificates state "male," "female," or "intersex" to denote "atypical combinations of features that usually distinguish male from female"

A woman buys a pink razor for shaving even though it's functionally the same as a black one but costs more. A man who runs a construction business acts tough when interacting with his employees, even though he's charming and friendly at home. A woman prefers the smell of cologne, so she uses it instead of perfume.

Example of Gender

gender roles

Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex. shared societal expectations for conduct and behaviors that are deemed appropriate for girls or women and boys or men.

1st point of C. West & D. Zimmerman on Gender

First, gender is not a static object, or a possession that never changes. It is not something inside of you (like your sense of gender identity).

According to gender conformity which of these is likely not to happen or occur?

Jorge wants to have a superhero-themed party, but his parents discourage it. Superheroes are considered gender appropriate for boys, so Jorge's parents are not likely to discourage his interest in them.

Which of these examples does NOT show a person behaving or thinking in accordance with our culture's popularly believed gender roles?

Kevin suspects that Julie, a woman he likes, likes him back, but he waits for her to give an unambiguous signal that she likes him before asking her out on a date.

Which of these examples best illustrates the impact of gender on culture?

Marek and his sister Olga are both physically attractive. Their parents call Marek "handsome" and Olga "pretty."

socially constructed

On her first day of kindergarten, Evelyn is scolded by a teacher for attempting to use the boys' restroom. This example illustrates the fact that gender is:

a lack of transgender people.

Over half a century ago, differences between men and women were reinforced by terms and phrases such as "opposite sexes" or the "battle of the sexes." This was indicative of each of the following EXCEPT:

In which situation are you not likely to see sex segregation? A.youth sports B.public restrooms C.public transportation D.clothing stores

Public Transportation

nonverbal communication.

Research shows pronounced gender differences in:

heterosexual bias. Many people, such as Sasha in writing her article, presume a heterosexual bias regarding sexual orientation: girls (and boys) are assumed to be romantically and/or sexually attracted only to opposite-sex partners.

Sasha writes an article for her school newspaper titled, "Ten Easy Things Any Lady Can Do to Snag Her Man." Assuming the article isn't ironic, its contents most likely exhibit:

Dunked Them

Scientific research into the claims made by famous relationship advice books such as The Rules and Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus has generally: It is time to consider the costs of over inflated claims of gender differences. Arguably, they cause harm in numerous realms, including women's opportunities in the workplace, couple conflict and communication, and analyses of self-esteem problems among adolescents. Most important, these claims are not consistent with the scientific data."

2nd point of C. West & D. Zimmerman on Gender

Second, we cannot opt out of doing gender. We are held accountable for doing gender every day, and people expect that we are doing it to the best of our abilities.

What is the difference, if any, between gender, gender identity, and sex?

Sex is a biological distinction, gender identity is internal to the individual, and gender is based on cultural associations with one's biological sex.

Positive

There is ________ correlation between holding sexist views and believing that vast differences exist between men and women.

3rd point of C. West & D. Zimmerman on Gender

Third, it is interactional. Because it emerges from social encounters, we achieve it according to the setting, the participants, and the nature of the encounter.

gender fluid

This movement away from binary male-female categories is illustrated in many ways now in our culture, whether it be "all gender" signs on public restrooms, or celebrities who discard binary understandings of gender, and instead describe themselves as

gender socialization

Through the advances of ultrasound imaging technology, many people choose to learn the sex of their baby before birth. This allows parents to begin the gender socialization of their child before the child is even born, through selecting masculine or feminine names, baby clothing, toys, nursery decorations, or even hosting a "gender-reveal party," during which they reveal to family and friends (and sometimes to themselves!) whether their baby will be a boy or a girl.

socialization.

When Katie was 2 years old, she liked to play with toy trucks and sports balls, something her parents did not encourage. By the time she is 6, she likes pink things, dolls, and princess gowns. Her desire to be a beautiful Disney princess for Halloween when she is 7 years old most clearly reflects the power of gender: Parents who encourage or discourage behaviors they deem gender "appropriate" or "inappropriate" contribute to the gender socialization process, as Katie's parents did here when they discouraged their daughter from playing with toy trucks and sports balls.

A man who lives in a house with a woman uses the same bathroom she does.

Which of these is NOT an example of doing gender?

Societal Forces

Widespread beliefs about the differences in verbal communication between men and women are largely the result of:

West and Zimmerman: resources for doing gender,

exist that separate the sexes and instill the idea of innate or natural differences between girls and boys, and women and men thus further instructing us how to "do gender."--Home bathrooms. Shared. Public bathrooms Fundamentally diff. Separate.

Gender socialization begins

before birth, when the parents learn the sex of the baby.

Gender Roles Example

big boys don't cry? It's not ladylike to curse? you throw like a girl, sound like a girl, look like a boy? counseled toward or away from particular classes in school or certain careers? All these messages are examples of how we create different expectations, or standards, for girls and boys, and how societies instill gender role beliefs by promoting these personality trait and skill differences (Eagly, Wood, & Diekman, 2000; Eagly & Wood, 2012).[male playa-stud; female playa-hoe}[protect vs vulnerable]

Gender

broader term encompassing the social, psychological, and behavioral attributes that a particular culture associates with an individual's biological sex. These attributes may include beliefs about individual characteristics, such as strength, leadership, or emotionality, along with roles in society, such as being a parent, teacher, politician, or CEO.

Which concept emphasizes a binary male-female construction of gender?

gender polarization

The shared expectations for conduct and behaviors that society teaches us deemed appropriate for men and women are

gender roles.

When instructors counsel students toward or away from certain classes or careers, they reinforce

gender roles.

Negatives to Gender

girls and boys experience fewer opposite-sex friendships during adolescence than they did when they were younger. Although girls experience more tolerance when they bend prescriptive gender norms, such as engaging in "tomboy" behaviors or playing sports, boys who engage in feminine behaviors are mocked or bullied. Moreover, girls may leave school early, become pregnant, experience depression, or be victimized by violence. Boys are more prone to suicide, substance abuse, and as adults have a shorter life expectancy compared to women.

Suggesting that a young child has a "crush" on an opposite-sex friend reinforces

heterosexual bias

We should consider which factor to be the causal factor behind romantic relationship challenges and experiences?

human character

Perceptions of gender are affected by all of the following attributes EXCEPT .social. psychological.behavioral.cultural.

none of the options are correct.

While sex is an anatomical, biological distinction each of us is born with, gender identity is:

inherently know by you

A primary way we understand gender is by

interacting with other people in society.

Gender identity

is internal to a person: it is that person's deeply-felt awareness or inner sense of being a man, a woman, or an alternative, such as gender queer.

a key aspect of understanding how we do gender

is that we are socialized to believe that we should adhere to these societal expectations and different resources — possibly for fear of being teased or reprimanded. Thus, as West and Zimmerman note, we are held accountable for accomplishing our gender every day, to the best of our abilities; whether this is by adhering to the vast quantity of societal resources for doing gender, or by expressing gender in ways that coincide with our biological sex.

Gender

learned from a variety of sources, all of which contribute to the lifelong process of gender socialization.

All of the following are examples of the movement away from binary male-female categories EXCEPT

male/female locker rooms.

Which of the following does NOT vary across cultures? gender expressions gender roles behaviors gender stereotypes

none

gender identity

one's sense of being male or female

Our perceptions of gender change over time with changes in

society.

Sex

the biological differences that distinguish males from females; assigned. anatomical distinctions