Interviewing ch3

clearinghouse

A _______ probe is an essential tool for discovering whether a series of questions has uncovered everything of importance on a topic or issue. - Ask rather than assume ex: Is there anything else I need to know before taking this exam? - It allows you to proceed to the next topic confident that you have gotten all the info you need.

bias. tactful

A poorly phrased probing question may _____ the reply - Be _____. not demanding

primary

All examples of open and closed questions are _____ questions

bipolar

Closed questions may be _____ questions because they limit choices to 2. Some will ask you to select from polar opposites. ex: Are you a conservative or a liberal? or questions for an evaluation - ex: Are you for or against a sales tax on grocery items?

knowledge

Disadvantages of a closed question - They don't reveal much about a person (attitudes, feelings, commitments) - Don't gain _____ about a topic

closed

Highly ____ questions are VERY restrictive and may ask respondents to identify a single bit of info ex: How many credit hours are you taking this semester? (yes or no questions, simple)

open

Moderately ____ questions are more restrictive but give respondents considerable latitude in answers. ex: What are living conditions in Haiti? - Tell me about loosing your job during the Great Depression

carefully

Phrase probing questions ______. Stanley Payne illustrates how the meaning of a simple "Why" question can be altered by stressing different words. ex: WHY do you say that? why DO you say that? why do YOU say that? why do you SAY that? why do you say THAT?

pitfalls

Phrase questions carefully to avoid common ______

motivation

Skillful probing not only discovers more relevant, accurate and complete information but may heighten the other party's ________ because the questioner is obviously interested and listening.

interviewer bias

Sources of _____ _____ - leading questions - status differences - interviewee's perceptions/assumptions - climate of interview situation - eye contact, gestures, raised eyebrow

control, direction

The advantages of a closed question is that they provide _____ & _____. They also require little effort - Allow you to ask more questions

probing

The use of ____ questions separates skilled from unskilled interviewers.

silent, nudging, clearinghouse, informational, restatement, reflective, mirror

Types of probing questions S_____ Probes- nonverbals, be patient & quite N_____ Probes- replaces silence with words - I see. And? Cl_____ probe - ask rather than assume In_____ probes - find explanations for vague answers Re_____ probes - rephrase/emphasize to get complete answer Re_____ Probes - verify & clarify M_____ Probes - summarize to ensure accuracy

nudging

Use a ____ probe if a silent probe fails or words seem necessary to get at what is needed. ex: I see. And?

mirror

____ probing ensures that you understood the series of answers. It SUMMARIZES a series of answers to ensure accurate understanding. Summarizing the entire interview of series of questions ex: Okay. You first experienced this lower back pain when you were helping your dad. You thought it was better, but it wasn't. There are times where it goes numb, but its not bad when you lie down. Am I correct?

leading

____ question ex: Didn't you like the last 007 movie better than this one?

closed

____ questions - narrow in focus & restrict the interviewee's freedom to determine amount to say

open

____ questions invite free answers. ex: A Highly ____ question: - Tell me about your mission trip to Haiti - What do you remember about the tornado (respondent has freedom to determine the amount & kind of into to give)

open

____ questions: - Encourage respondents to talk - Determine the nature & amount of info to give - Volunteer information you might not think to ask for

restatement probes

_____ probe - repeating all or part of the original question perhaps using vocal emphasis to draw attention to original concern (use if interviewee doesn't completely answer question) -original question - tell me how you feel about the governments efforts to bail out failing automobile companies answer - * probe - I can understand that, but how do you feel about bailouts for the auto companies?

neutral

_____ question ex: Have you ever smoked cigarettes

loaded

_____ question ex: Have you stopped cheating on your taxes? (entrap the respondent)

neutral

_____ question ex: How did this 007 movie compare to the last one?

loaded

_____ question ex: What was your reaction to the insulting memo on the use of our computers? (name calling or emotionally charged words)

leading

_____ question ex: When was the last time you smoked a cigarette?

Primary

_____ questions introduce topics or new areas within a topic and can stand alone even when taken out of context. Ex: How did you become so interested in politics?

probing

_____ questions make no sense if asked without connection to a previous question. (first question - closed) what's your best estimate? ex: followed up by, "Tell me more about that"

Leading

_____ questions suggest the answer expected or desired because the questioner pretty much guides them to the right answer - - it's easier or more tempting for the respondent to give one answer than another

interviewer bias

______ ____ occurs whenever respondents provide answers they FEEL interviewers prefer to hear. - it may be intentional or unintentional

silent

______ probes - using nonverbals to suggest the respondent to continue their answer. ex: 1 - what did you think of the play? 2 - it was okay, 1 - (smiling & silent) 2 - The student actors were very good

Neutral

______ questions allow respondents to decide upon answers without direction or pressure from questioners. They encourage 'honest answers'

loaded

_______ questions are extreme leading questions.

informational

_________ probe questions are used to get additional info or explanations. ex: If an answer seems superficial say, ex: "Tell me why you think he said that?" an answer might be vague, "When you ask for a 'little more time', how much is a little?"

reflective

a _____ probe literally reflects the answer just received to VERIFY or to CLARIFY it so you know you have interpreted it as the respondent intended. If an answer seems inaccurate, ask a __ probing q such as: ex: By former President Bush, you're referring to George H. W. Bush? ex: Am I understanding you correctly that you believe that all stem cell research, without exception, is immoral?

beginning

ask personal information at the ______ only

irrelevant (unimportant), withhold

disadvantages of open questions - respondents may give _____ info - or may ____ info - could be lengthy or rambling (interviewees can pick & choose, reveal & hide)

important

lengthy answers after an open question reveal what respondents think is _____ and motivate them to provide details and description.

closed

moderately ____ questions ask for specific, limited pieces of info: ex: Who are your favorite NFL quarterbacks?

bipolar

neutral questions can be opened or closed, they can even be ______

the curious probe

pitfall - Do not ask for information you do not need & will not use.

tell me everything

pitfall - Instead of a simple yes or no, the question trap occurs when the interviewer asks an extremely open question with no restrictions or guidelines for the interviewee. "tell me about yourself"

the leading push

pitfall - When you ask a question that suggests how a person ought to respond. ex: That was a great game, wasn't it? ex: You haven't had a physical for over SIX YEARS?

dont ask, dont tell

pitfall - as an interviewer, explain why a question is essential to ask and delay 'touchy' questions until you have established a comfortable climate & positive relationship

the quiz show

pitfall - information level is critical in interviews. The parties you interview must have a store of knowledge that enables them to answer comfortably and intelligently. - Questions above a respondent's information level may cause embarrassment or resentment

the guessing game

pitfall - occurs when you try and guess information instead of asking for it. ex: Was the scene pretty terrible? - yes Was the car on fire when you got there? - not yet Was everyone in the car? - I don't think so Was there a lot of fuel on the ground?

bipolar trap

pitfall - question designed for someone to answer yes or no, when really you want a detailed answer. this pitfall is obvious in questions that begin with... - "do you" - "did you" - "are you" have you, were you, can you, is there, would you, was it.. eliminate these by reserving bipolar questions for situations in which only a yes or no or single word is desired.

the double-barreled inquisition

pitfall - when you ask 2 or more questions at once ex: How was your flight to Alaska and how did you like Denali National Park?

the yes (no) response

pitfall - when you ask a question that has only one obvious answer, a yes or no. ex: Did you study for this exam? ex: (asked of an applicant) Do you think you're qualified for this position?

open-to-closed switch

pitfall - when you ask an open question, but before the interviewee can respond, you rephrase it into a closed or bipolar question. ex: Tell me about your trip to China. Did you have problems with the language?

bipolar, tell me everything, open-to-closed, double-barrelled, leading, guessing, yes, curious, quiz, don't tell

pitfalls - b_____ trap - the t__ __ ____ - the ___-__-___ switch - the _____-_____ inquisition - the _____ push - the g____ game - the ___ (no) response - the c_____ probe - the ____ show - dont ask, ___ ___

implying, avoiding

probing questions may be open or closed. They allow you to dig deeper & discover what the interviewee might be _____ or _____ in answers

probing

questions that seek to discover additional information after an opened or closed question are called _____ or follow-up questions.

insightful

skillful probing leads to ______ answers