Intramolecular Forces & Intermolecular Forces

Polar Bonds (2)

Usually asymmetrical structures; all ionic compounds are polar; unequal sharing between 2 atoms (2)

Non-polar Bonds (2)

Usually symmetrical; equal sharing between 2 atoms that have the same electronegativity (2)

Coulomb's Law

force of attraction between charged particles is directly porportional to the product of the charges and inversly porportional to the distance between them

Non polar (1)

no shift (pull) in electrons; no net dipole - 0.5 and lower (1)

Linear

non-polar/polar

Lone pair

A pair of electrons that are not being shared between elements.

Vapor Pressure

After the substance is heated, a vapor forms, or a gas that builds up pressure.

Dipole-Dipole (2)

Attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another molecule. (2)

Dipole-Dipole (1)

Between polar molecules, attractive force between polar molecules positive attracts negative. (1)

Hydrogen Bonding (1)

Hydrogen has a very low electronegitivity so it bonds with a high electronegitivity such as F, O or N. What type of bond does this form? (1)

Ionic

Metals to non metals, high melting points, high boiling points, transfer electrons.

Molecular (covalent)

Non metals, electrons are shared between two atoms, low melting and boiling points.

Tetrahedral

Non-polar/ Polar

Trigonal Planar

Non-polar; BF₃

Bent

Polar; H₂O

Trigonal Pyramidal

Polar; NH₃

Hydrogen Bonds (2)

Strongest; highest melting point; hydrogen bond between either Oxygen, Nitrogen or Fluorine. (2)

London Dispersion

Temporary bonding, only happnes when molecules get close enough, this will always be a posibility of the intermolecular forces.

Polar (1)

a shift in electrons; has a net dipole - 0.5 to 1.7 (1)

Intermolecular

between two different molecules; are what hold molecular materials together in a liquid or solid state. intermolecular bonds are broken when energy (heat) is greater than the intermolecular bond. (this is why materials have specific melting and freezing points.)

Intramolecular

bond within molecule; force that holds the atoms or ions together in a compound. 1. metallic 2. ionic 3. covalent stronger than intermolecular, and works deeper into the compound.

Metallic Bonding

defined as the force of attraction between metal atoms due to pulling of their valence electrons to form a delocalized sea of electrons