Intro Biological Anthro -Quiz 1

Allen's Rule states that individuals with [a] live in colder environments, and individuals with [b] live in hotter environments. Bermann's Rule states that individuals with [c] live in colder environments, and individuals with [d] live in hotter environments.

Allen's Rule states that individuals with shorter limbs live in colder environments, and individuals with longer limbs live in hotter environments. Bermann's Rule states that individuals with short, stout torsos live in colder environments, and individuals with long, lean torsos live in hotter environments.

Forensic anthropology

Application of biological anthropological methods in a medicolegal context

Bioarchaeology

Application of biological anthropological methods in and archaeological context

Which of the following make up the four fields of anthropology? Select all that apply.

Archaeology Linguistic anthropology Cultural anthropology Biological anthropology

Adelaide is a landscaper who spends a lot of time outside and often gets sunburns, causing mutations in the DNA of her skin cells. Bruno works at a nuclear power plant and has been exposed to small amounts of radiation that can mutate the DNA in all of his cell types. Both people later decide to have children. Which has a higher chance of passing mutated DNA on to their children?

Bruno because the mutations potentially occurred in all of his cells, including the gametes.

Objects/living creatures have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity.

Essentialism

Genetic drift increases the genetic variation in a population.

False

Humans are a product of only their evolutionary history.

False

Macroevolution describes the changes in allele frequency from generation to generation, whereas microevolution describes speciation events that occur after many generations.

False

Which of the following is NOT a force of evolution?

Inbreeding

An organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Skeletal biology

Micro- and macroscopic study of bone structures, growth and development, form and function, and diseases

Which force of evolution is the only one that adds new variation to the gene pool?

Mutation

Differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

Natural Selection

Even though it has "harmful" phenotypic effects, the "sickle cell" allele has a relatively high frequency in sub-Saharan Africa compared to other parts of the world because of its ability to block the effects of malaria. This is an example of:

Natural selection

Which of the following accurately describes developmental adaptation? It...

Occurs at the individual level during childhood.

All living beings can be viewed as representing various degrees of "perfection", with humans at the very top of this biological hierarchy

Scala naturae

Primatology

Study of extant non-human primates

Human biology

Study of human growth and development, adaptation, and genetics

Paleoanthropology

Study of the extinct non-human primates and hominins

Charles Darwin was not the first person to form a theory about evolutionary change.

True

Which of the following is NOT true regarding science? Science is:

Trying to prove hypotheses correct

From 4th Century to the 17th Century, Western philosophers believed the natural world to be static and relatively unchanging. However, this idea was challenged by a geological principle introduced in the 1700s, which states: "The Earth has been shaped by gradual geologic processes that are the same as we can observe today". What is this principle called?

Uniformitarianism

Charles Darwin made inferences of evolutionary change based on his observations of the natural world and experimentation. Select all the inferences that best support Darwin's idea of natural selection.

Variation exists between members of a group. Individuals with beneficial variations are more likely to reproduce. Variable traits can be inherited.

Which of the following is NOT a functional adaptation to high altitude?

Vasoconstriction

Ceasar takes a summer vacation to the beaches of Costa Rica, where the temperature can get up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Which short-term physiological adaptation is most likely to occur?

Vasodilation

(IDK THIS ONE) If two parents with genotypes AA and aa mate, their offspring will...

a. All be homozygous dominant. b. All have dominant phenotypes. c. All be homozygous recessive. d. Have four alleles at that locus.

(IDK THIS ONE) Identify the term that best fits the following definition: "Human biology is influenced by the genome and the environment".

a. Cultural adaptation b. Biocultural feedback c. Evolutionary tradeoff d. Code switching