Intro into Psychology

Dora found the serial number of the used car she wanted to purchase online. To remember the eleven-digit number, 19801776317, she thought of the number as the year she was born (1980), the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the area code of her home phone (317). Dora was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the car's serial number

chunking

According to one information-processing model, called _____, memories are products of interconnected neural networks. Specific memories arise from particular activation patterns within these networks.

connectionism

Frank's girlfriend is talking to him, and he asks her to repeat what she just said. Before she does so, he responds with his answer of "Yes." The mechanism likely responsible for this is his _____ memory.

echoic

Your brother often pretends to listen to what you are saying, but really he is focused elsewhere. When you ask him, "What did I just say?" he can sometimes repeat your last few words. This is likely due to:

echoic memory.

Studying for a psychology test requires _____ processing. It takes attention and conscious work, but pays off with lasting and accessible memories.

effortful

Mabel has Alzheimer's disease and has lost her _____ memories for people and events. However, she is able to display an ability to form new _____ memories by being repeatedly shown words.

explicit; implicit

Using mental pictures is a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. This process involves:

imagery.

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that one can only store _____ in short-term memory.

about seven bits of information

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that we can only store ____________ in our short-term memory.

about seven bits of information (give or take two)

A fill-in-the-blank test is a good way to test _____.

recall

Mr. Rodrigo uses multiple-choice, fill-in, and essay questions to test his students' ability to _____ information.

recall and recognize

Jacqueline has a chemistry test in two days. She has to memorize the elements on the periodic table, so she writes them on index cards. She keeps the cards with her at all times and periodically reads through them. Jacqueline is using _____ to encode information for storage.

rehearsal

Bruno is studying for his cumulative final exam in biology. Earlier in the semester, he learned and was tested on the material. He finds that he is having an easier time _____ the material.

relearning

Candace thought she had adequately studied for her short-answer psychology exam. While taking the final, however, she could not remember the material she had previously retained. According to the information-processing model of memory, Candace is having difficulty with _____.

retrieval

Memory can be defined as the persistence of learning over time through the storage and _____ of information.

retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:

retrieval

While taking his statistics exam, Pierre is trying to remember a statistical formula that he studied the night before. However, he cannot seem to recall the correct information. Pierre is failing to _____ information from his long-term memory.

retrieve

Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This BEST illustrates the advantage of:

semantic encoding.

Although _____ is rich and detailed, one loses the information in it quickly unless one uses certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems.

sensory memory

After Jamillah gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her _____ memory.

short-term

To make a long-distance call, a caller looks up and dials an unfamiliar phone number. The caller is likely to have trouble retaining the number that was just looked up. This BEST illustrates the limited capacity of _____ memory.

short-term

Malik is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Malik cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because:

short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity.

The peg-word system relies heavily on the use of _____ imagery.

visual

Harry Bahrick and his family found that the longer the space between practice sessions was, the better their retention of the foreign language word translations up to ___ years later.

5

Kaleb decided to go to his 25-year high school reunion. He looked in his yearbook to see whose picture he might recognize. According to research, he should expect to recognize _____ percent of his classmates' pictures.

90

One hears a familiar word in one's native language and it is virtually impossible not to recognize the word's meaning. This BEST illustrates the importance of:

automatic processing.

Individuals _____ process information about space. For example, while reading a textbook, one encodes the place on a page where certain material appears.

automatically

Individuals _____ information about space. For example, while reading a textbook, one encodes the place on a page where certain material appears.

automatically process

Deshawn is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Deshawn cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because short-term memory is limited in duration and _____.

capacity

Encoding is to _____________ as storage is to _____________.

data input into a computer; data saved on the hard drive