intro to crim exam 1

which is one of the three criteria used to determine what behaviors are made criminal?

1) the enforceability of the law 2) the effects of the law 3) the existence of other means to protect society against undesirable behavior.

most definitions of victim precipitation assert this...

1) the victim acted first during the course of the offense 2) the victim instigated the commission of the offense

what is the difference between criminal and civil law?

1) they are written with different rules and different court procedures are involved. criminal: shadow of a doubt civil: preponderance of evidence

according to the _____ amendment, "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury..."

5th amendment

this major English document contributed to U.S. law.

Magna Carta

social control

This consists of the rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms.

prison

This is a state or federal institution that confines people convicted of a crime who are serving sentences for longer than a year.

this is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available...

UCR

This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.

UCR (uniform crime reporting)

this is a law enacted by a legislature...

a statute

victim precipitation theory

criminologists use this term to refer to instances where a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.

This legal principle states that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense...

double jeopardy

which part of the crime picture do the UCR, self-report studies, and victimization studies tend to miss?

drug sales, corporate crime, and organized crime

this criminal justice model describes the expectation of a just and fair criminal justice system.

due process model

This writ is issued to bring a party before the court

habeas corpus

where are statutes published?

in penal codes

larceny

in this form of theft, an offender takes possessions that do not belong to him or her with the intent of keeping them.

children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims.

less than 3 years old

how does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault?

part 1 and part 2 crimes

why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime?

people don't report it.

according to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the second layer represent?

serious felonies like rape, murder, manslaughter, robberies

the legal principle in which courts are bound by the decisions of previous courts is called?

stare decisis

this type of law is enacted by legislatures...

statutory law

probation

the suspension of all or part of a sentence subject to certain conditions and supervision in the community.

burglary

the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

which is not a reason that a victim would not report a crime?

the victim may have committed the offense

felonies

these offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison.

crime

this is an action taken by a person or a group of people that violates the rules of society to the point that someone is harmed or society's interests are harmed.

mass murder

this is the murder of three or more people in a single incident.

street crime

this kind of crime includes interpersonal violence and property crime

adjudicate

to administer a legal process of judging and to pronounce a judgement; specifically in cases involving juvenile offenders.

this type of law covers personal wrongs and damage and includes libel, slander, assault, trespass, and negligence...

tort law.. falls under the category of misdemeanors.

T/F If the prosecutor's office decides that there is enough evidence to proceed with a case, it will charge the suspect with a specific crime The prosecutor is unlikely to decide to dismiss the case at this point.

true

in a high school class, a researcher hands out questionnaires that ask the students to identify any criminal offenses they have committed. which term best describes this type of research?

self report study

what are the first 10 amendments of the constitution called?

Bill of Rights

sociological imagination

C. Wright Mills urges the use of this to examine issues while removed from our social location.

Misdemeanor

according to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent.

celebrated cases that fascinate the public such as Ted Bundy and serial murderers.

according to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the top layer represent?

this is sometimes called case law, judiciary law, or unwritten law...

common law

this criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system

crime control model

what is the number of crime index offenses divided by the population of an area called?

crime rate

common law is based on what?

precedence

which issue guides precedence?

predicability, reliability, and efficiency.

these offenses include drug use, disturbing the peace, drunkenness, prostitution, and some forms of gambling.

public order crime

Laws must be...

published, enacted by the legislative branch, and must be fair

after the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theatre in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. which term best relates to this activity?

victim impact statement.

which of the following is an important actor in a criminal offense?

victim, perpetrator, the CJ system

according to christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim?

when the victim and the perp. know each other.