Intro to ethics

Nothing is right or wrong

As odd as it may sound, some nonbelievers in God have subscribed to the divine command theory. If the divine command theory is true, and God does not exist, then

Find reliable pol of public opinin on the issue of capital punishment

Aubrey and Derek are discussing the morality of capital punishment. Aubrey believes that capital punishment is immoral, and Derek believes it is morally acceptable. If cultural relativism is true, how should they resolve their disagreement?

Descriptive Ethics

A psychological study finds that people tend to ignore their society's moral code if someone with authority over them commands them to do so. What is this study an example of?

false

According to emotivism, claims like "People generally approve of capital punishment" cannot be true or false.

false

According to moral objectivism, there are objective moral rules, all of which have no exceptions.

we do not have enough information to say

Camila lives in a society where eating animals is considered right, and she agrees. Which moral view is Camila using to inform this belief?

yes a moral statement

Consider the following argument: Abortion involves terminating a human life. Therefore, abortion is wrong. Is another premise needed to make this argument valid?

killing innocent human beings is wrong

Consider the following argument: Killing human beings is wrong. Capital punishment involves killing human beings. Therefore, it logically follows that capital punishment is wrong. The first premise is vulnerable to a counterexample: killing in self-defense, to save your own life from a murderer, is morally acceptable. How could the first premise be revised in order to avoid this counterexample?

Unknown reliability as a source

Consider the following argument: Raising the minimum wage creates unemployment. We have an obligation to avoid doing things that create unemployment. Therefore, we have an obligation not to raise the minimum wage. How reliable would a professor at a well-regarded university be as a source for justifying Premise 1?

We do not have enough info to say

Eric approves of affirmative action and believes that it is right, regardless of whether his culture believes it is right. What moral view is Eric using to inform this belief?

neither true or false

How would an emotivist describe the statement "Happiness is good"?

The movement is mistaken

Imagine that next year a small movement begins in this country that seeks to change the public's mind about an important moral issue. If cultural relativism is true, what should we say about this movement?

correct

In her ethics class, Jessica has studied many controversial issues like abortion. Jessica believes that abortion is morally acceptable. If subjective relativism is true, then Jessica's belief is -

One of the cultures must be mistaken

In some cultures, it is considered immoral to have premarital sex. In other cultures, it is not considered wrong. What would an objectivist say about this moral disagreement?

one of the cultures must be mistaken

In some cultures, it is considered immoral to have premarital sex. In other cultures, it is not considered wrong. What would an objectivist say about this moral disagreement?

Miguel lives in a country where the culture generally accepts the morality of abortion. However, Miguel is also a traditional Catholic, and in Catholic culture, abortion is not generally accepted. If Miguel is a cultural relativist, what should he believe about abortion?

Its unclear what miguel should believe

just because ppl disagree ab issue doesnt mean no view can be objectively correct

Some argue for subjective relativism on the grounds that judgments about right and wrong differ from person to person. What is an objection to this argument?

No; even if capital punishment is morally right, that doesn't tell us in which cases it should be performed

John firmly believes that capital punishment is morally right—a belief he inherited, no-questions-asked, from his culture. He is reading about a criminal who has recently been apprehended by the police. Supposing the criminal is guilty, is it possible for John to be morally certain based on his beliefs whether or not this criminal should face the death penalty?

Premise 1:Peoples' judgments about right and wrong differ from culture to culture.Premise 2: If people's judgments about some issue differ from culture to culture, then there are no objective truths about that issue. Conclusion:Therefore, there are no objective truths about right and wrong.

Premise 1:Peoples' judgments about right and wrong differ from culture to culture.Premise 2:-Press Space to openIf people's judgments about some issue differ from culture to culture, then there are no objective truths about that issue.There are no universal moral beliefs shared by all cultures.People's opinions about right and wrong are influenced by their culture.Right and wrong are relative.Conclusion:Therefore, there are no objective truths about right and wrong.

moral norms and prudential norms

Suppose that Jill finds a wallet on the ground with a lot of money in it. No one would know if she took it, and she would really enjoy using the money to go on a vacation this summer. On the other hand, she could return the wallet to its owner, since the driver's license in the wallet has his address on it. In this situation, Jill is facing a conflict between

Such judgments cannot be mistaken

Suppose you judge the actions of other people to be morally wrong. What does subjective relativism say about these judgments?

Normative Ethics

The Golden Rule says that we should treat others as we want to be treated. What major division of ethics investigates whether the Golden Rule is a sound moral principle?

Equivocation

The following argument commits the fallacy of - 1. We are permitted to harm an innocent person if it is to prevent a real tragedy from taking place. 2. Our students' production is of the play Romeo and Juliet, which is a real tragedy. 3. Therefore, we are permitted to harm an innocent person to prevent our students' production of Romeo and Juliet from taking place.

appeal to the person

The following argument commits the fallacy of - : A lot of older people in this country do not favor legalizing marijuana. But it's clear that we should legalize marijuana, because if you look at comprehensive surveys, most people of their generation actually smoked marijuana at some point.

a judgment about value

The statement "Donating to charity makes the world a better place" is an example of what kind of judgment?

A judgment about obligations

The statement "Everyone should respect a person's right to life" is making what kind of a judgment?

They all say that moral claims can be true or false

What do subjective relativism, cultural relativism, and objectivism all have in common?

begging the question

What fallacy is committed by the following argument? 1.There is a moral obligation not to end the life of a fetus. 2.Therefore, abortion is wrong.

There is no connection

What is the connection between a moral belief being universal and that belief being objective?

In any valid argument the truth of the premises of the argument are true the conclusion must be true.

What is the definition of "validity"?

False

What makes ethics different from other subjects is that ethical claims do not need to be supported by logical arguments, while in other subjects logical arguments are always needed to support one's claims.

Objectivism says that moral claims can be true or false; emotivism does not

What makes objectivism different from emotivism?

Dominance of moral norms

When a group of people say that a law should be changed because it is immoral, what general idea are these people expressing?

Its wrong to do something if there is a substantial chance it will result in innocent ppl being killed

When supplying an implied premise of an argument, one must take care to choose a premise that not only makes the argument valid but also is plausible and fitting. Find the most plausible and fitting implicit premise for the following argument: 1. Capital punishment involves killing a living human being. 2.There is a substantial chance that capital punishment will result in innocent people being killed. 3.Therefore, capital punishment is wrong.

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Which of the following explains the "loud, proud folly you find on social media?"

No bc the principle of the impartiality allows for the possibility that there are good reasons for treating some ppl diff

Would providing scholarships to students with high GPAs but not providing scholarships to students with low GPAs violate the principle of impartiality?