Intro To Fire study guide- finals

Where is public education most effective?

Grade school: more impressionable young and excited will reach more people made simple

When you are sued, it is because of a tort, or a wrongful act. Torts usually result from what 3 acts and what do they mean?

(civil actions, not criminal) -nonfeasance: failure to act misfeasance: doing something wrong that you are lawfully allowed to Malfeasance: is wrong doing or misconduct

Define fire

- a rapid self-sustaining ordination process accompanied by the evolution of heat and light in varying intensities

Fire will go through 4 different phases

- incipient stage: fire ignited and reaches a point it no longer needs input heat from outside sources to continue burning -Growth stage: fire increases in intensity dependent on the elements of the fire tetrahedron being available in sufficient -free burning: fire releases increasing heat, bringing more fuel to its ignition temp -smoldering/decay stage: fire has ran out of available fuel and oxygen

The Fire prevention bureau has responsibilities and authority to entire fire related codes and ordinances. The U.S Supreme Court set guides for the bureau to follow. Name the recommendations for following these guides:

- inspectors must be adequately identifies -inspectors must state the reason for the inspection -may be inconvenient for the occupants -inspectors should invite the person in charge to walk along during the inspection -inspection should carry and follow a written inspection procedures, making it less likely to overlook something important -inspectors should request an inspection or administrative warrant if entry is denied -inspectors should develop a reliable record keeping system of inspection -inspectors should have guidelines available that define conditions whereby they can stop operations without a search warrant or obtaining permission to enter -inspectors should be one that all licenses and permits indicate that compliance inspections

What are 3 types/ styles of sprinkler heads?

- pendant -upright -sidewall

What are some key points of a fire prevention inspection?

- review past inspections -identify special hazards -give reasonable abetment time for noted violations -record all violation on site

Fuel can occur in three states of matter.

- solid - liquid -gas

Name the ways a fire alarm is transmitted to the fire department. Which is the most common?

-911 systems -alarm boy - attached to a street light/power pole - sends transmission to dispatch -alarm companies -sets off an alarm -company calls 911 -still alarm -wake up repair of an emergency

What is the difference between a Fire Protection Systems Engineer and a Fire Protection Systems Maintenance Specialist?

-Fire Protection Systems Engineer: install fire protection systems that are designed by engineers- design the specification and plan the installation of systems -Fire Protection Systems Maintenance Specialist: sell, install, inspect, and maintain fire protection systems and equipment- sprinkler systems, commercial working hood systems - fire extinguisher sales and service

What is the IAFF and what do they do? How about the IAFF?

-International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) - the largest union organization -promotes safety and welfare of FF through fire prevention, protection, research and legislation -also a major contribution to the Muscular Dystrophy Association -IAFC (International Association of Fire Chiefs) -represents the interests of officers of the chief rank from throughout the US and other counties

4 different types of fire department

-Volunteer Fire Department- those who give their time and effort to support fires and perform other necessary functions without pay. Participate in fund raisers to buy equipment - combination fire department- paid and volunteer are used as supplement personals saves the cost of paying a large staff of firefighters -Public Safety Department - police/fire department combined, more staff less money. i admin for both services - favors PD -Career fire department- the size/ needs of the community dictate necessary for career personnel - all paid department has more control over personnel - volunteer firefighter program may not a viable - full time job

What are some of the work ethics expected of firefighter?

-ability to get along with others -work in a diverse environment -loyal to the fire service -dedication to duty -conduct yourself in a position manner -accept responsibility -support fairness -avoid situations that would affect the credibility -be truthful

What is the difference between a firefighter and a ff trainee position?

-as trainee is employees under a trainee program typically receive less pay, benefits, supervised closely, assist in various phases of fire suppression, assist fire personnel by performing selected duties of significant learning value. -a firefighter may or may not require the completion to apply, usually require EMT and employment standards are the same

What would the department of having a Staff Aide or Adjutant/Aide? What are the benefits to a firefighter who fulfills that role?

-assist the chief officer -running errands, typing memos, and research information for projects -acts as dispatch record and message runner and incidents -record this information at scenes -drives chief around

How does the Hazardous Materials Control Unit assist on-duty personnel?

-by having the business plans and materials inventories available -this can same life's and prevent environment damage at incident scenes

What are some of the reasons people will commit arson?

-cover up crimes -revenge -finical insurance fraud -gang initiation -personal gratification

Identify the personnel of the Fire Prevention Bureau, and explain duties

-depends on the size and resources of the department -large department-managed by chief of prevention (fire marshal) -most understand the importance of the bureau in achieving the overall mission of the FD - firefighters / civilians

As firefighters, what are your responsibilities at a fire scene, as it relates to fire cause determination?

-determine the cause -be aware that something caused the fire to protect the area of origin -question the area and take mental notes

What is the best way for a firefighter to avoid a lawsuit?

-do your job correctly every time - knowledge of industry standards, department standards (policies and procedures) -acting within the scope of employment

Name the area of which an Arson Investigator should be trained

-gathering and preserve of evidence

What was the Rattle Watch?

-group of appointed young men to protect the street at night -carrying wooden noisemakers to sound a fire alarm

What are some of the employment standards of dispatcher?

-high school diploma -typing proficiently -knowledge of basic principles and techniques of communication equipment computer terminal operations -know the local geography, communities, and local streets and highways and employment standard are the same

What are some ways the fire prevention/education message are presented?

-in the school system assembly at a school large audience to children stop-drop-roll

What are the different types of heat and smoke detectors and how do they activate?

-ionization chamber detector- ionized smoke particles enter the chamber -Flame or light detector - measure light waves and associated high intensity flames -rate of rise detectors - measure temp rise in an area -fixed temp: melt at a certain temp -carbon monoxide (CO) accumulation of CO over time

the top five areas of origin in residential fires

-kitchen ( 26) bedroom 913) living/dining room (8) chimney (8) laundry (5)

Regarding Career Potential Assessment, write several of the items consider regarding becoming a firefighter?

-must be willing to perform the preparation before you can preform the job - must live a honorable, ethical, accountable, responsible, and trust worthy life both at home and work

Additional skills and duties would you expect from a firefighter/paramedic

-must possess or be capable of acquiring a paramedic cert. -people with these qualifications are in great demand, and pay incentives -maintain license and continue emergency medical service education -able to balance both careers

What do the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron consist of?

-oxidizer -fuel -energy -fuel -oxidizer -energy -chemical chain recation

Fire prevention bureau functions/duties

-performed by people in technical and high risk areas -use technical procedures to inspect occupancies and building with high life-loss risk -professionals with advanced training in fire protection

list three reasons why people joined volunteer fire companies in early America

-pride, a long waiting list to join - social reasons to serve public and protect their town -pride in companies -get paid

What are the 3 types of water mains?

-primary feeder: widely spaced, carry water to various areas -secondary feeder: reinforce the grid -distributors: allow to reinforce each other in times of high demand

How can the American Red Cross assist the firefighter?

-provides assistance to the victims of disasters on a large scale -setting up shelters for evacuated persons - assisting one family that has lost its home due to emergency responders in the are of infectious disease control

What would annual hydrant maintenance include?

-removing all caps - inspecting the condition of the outlet threads -checking the hydrant barrel for foreign objects -replacing missing caps -replacing warn or missing cap gaskets -operating the system of the hydrant to check for proper operation -lubricating and cleaning all parts -clearing weeds and obstructions from the area

List several pieces of early-American fire equipment and what they were used for

-siphona (first known fire pump) used double action piston pump and used to create hand operated fire pumps -Hand pumper carried hand pump engines -goose necks -hook and ladder

who is responsible for the Fire Prevention Bureau, and what is his/her rank?

-the state fire marshal (Local) chief officers rank

How does GIS mapping help firefighters?

-update maps -maps property ownership -business names, property owner, location

What is the strenuous, physical work require of a Forestry Aid firefighter?

-walking, climbing, shovelings, chopping, throwing, lifting, and frequently carrying obstacles weighing 50

Give some examples of teamwork. Why is teamwork important for firefighters?

-washing the apparatus -preparing meals -doing dishes -maintaining equipment

Name some of the activities that occur at the department Warehouse

-where the items needed on a regular basis by the fire station and offices are kept -where much of the department nonmotorized equipment (fire house) is repaired

How does working closely with the Building Department benefit the Fire Department?

-work closely together to ensure fire & life safety in building. More involved during the building process -also notify FD when new building, other than homes, are certified ready to occupy -can ensure that fire related codes are enforced during the construction phase

What support person and staff are in charge of the budget document, tracking expenditures, and the day-to-day department accounting?

Business Manager and department staff-prepare the final budget staff does all of the day-to-day accountability

What is the average 9known) number of fire reported in the U.S each year

1.9 million

How many firefighters are killed in the line-of-duty each year? ho many injured?

100 killed 87000 injured

How many citizens are kills each year due to fire? how many injured?

4000killed 22000 injured

What percentage of fire fatalities occur in the home?

82%

Facilities described in the textbook and describe the activities that happen at each of those (chapter 6)

Headquarters: Automotive repair facility: training center: Warehouse/central stores: communication center:

Fire is divided into 5 basic classes: A,B,C,D, and K.

A: ordinary combustibles- wood, paper, cotton B: Flammable liquids - gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, and cooking oil C: Energized metals- magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium K: Cooking materials (combustible cooking) -cooking oil, fat, grease fires

Firefighting respond to a fire at a restaurant. What local organization would need to check the restaurant before re-opening and selling?

Health Department-after fires and incidents that may become involved in determining what must be done to correct the problem

What is a fire service certificate? An associate degree in fire science?

Cert. is usually based primarily on training, successful completion of course training (classroom, field training, and testing) Academy+EMT+155,163,182 AS: cert+more classes+general ed

Describe the 3 classes of standpipe systems (discharge size, hose size, )

Class 1- fire fire department use 2 1/2 in hose connection Class 2: for building occupants until FD arrives 1 1/2 in hose connection Class 3: has both 2 1/2 and 1 1/2 in hose connection for FD and Occupants

What are Wet Chemical extinguishing systems and where is it installed?

Class K: develop to extinguish fire in commercial cooking operations

What are the 4 forms of heat transfer?

Conduction- transfer of heat through solid medium without visible Convection: transfer of heat through a circulating medium, such as a liquid and gases Radiation: transfer of heat by wave-length of energy Direct Contract: transfer of heat through direct flame contract

on haz-mat incident, you see a placard on a tractor-trailer rig. The U.S Department of Transportation provides firefighters with a resource guide for information on placarding. What is this resource guidebook called, and what types of information would be listed?

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) - provides information on initial actions to be taken in case of a spill or suspected spill of hazardous material in a transportation accident

What is a generalist and what is a specialist?

Generalist- a person with general knowledge of varying levels of depth in many subjects Specialist-a person with extensive training in one or more areas of operation or information

4 methods of communication

Face to face (best method): instant feed back in facial expression and body language. Radio: when personnel are spread out at an emergency scene Written: (memos, messages) when time is not a critical factor Electric: (emails, text memos) can express the written, can be open to Public Record Act Stamped for verifying receipt of message and respond, can be open to public Records Act

What does FEMA mean, and what service doe sit perform?

Federal Emergency Management Agency -maintains several type 1 incident management teams across the U.S. Used for fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other disasters -also maintains a list of urban search and rescue teams (USAR's) activated for disaster with major structure collapse, earthquake and explosion's

Service Ranks

Fire chief- assistance/division/deputy chief- battalion chief- company officers/ captions - engineers - firefighters

List 3 private fire production careers

Fire fighter: some large corporations hire their own firefighting (disney world, etc) Insurance companies: require people with fire science background in loss prevention, inspection, emergency plan developing, claims, adjustments and investigations Fire protection systems engineer: engineering design the specification and plan the installation of systems, special systems need to be developed to prevent damage from systems operation as well as firm

List 3 non-firefighting careers in the fire service.

Fire prevention: specialist performing field checks, assisting hazard reduction, education programs research, evaluation info, etc. Dispatcher/telecom: acting upon emergency/ nonemergency incidents, operating communication equip. securing records incidents, continually monitoring the status of fire units. Emergency services manager: formulating plans, integrating and coordinating activities and program communication, conducting test, completing studies

What is the purpose of the probationary period?

For newly hires to become familiar and learn the required department policies and procedures

What does HIPAA stand for and what does it mean for firefighters?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act -affects firefighters in their jobs due to their response to rescue and medical air accidents -HIPAA states that health information regarding victums can be given only to someone directly involving

What organization rates cities and fire department, which in turn provides a schedule for determining insurance rates? What does the rating scale of 1-10 mean?

Insurance Services Office is a scale of relative values whereby a municipal fire protection system may be compared with others - also indicative of the systems ability to defend against the major fires that may be expected in any given community.

Why is the job announcement/job flyer an important piece of information for you?

It contains important information you need to fill out the application

Dalmatian dog

Mascots followers and guardians of horse-drawn vehicles, kept horses calm, and chased off other dogs

Four factors affect the rate at which solid fuels will ignite/ burn. What are they?

Mass, Arrangement, continuity, moisture content

What does NFPA stand for and what efforts are they recognized for?

National Fire Protection Association- developed standards on all matters of Firefighting and programs. Also involved in research, technical advising and series, education and other fire related services

Regarding fire sprinklers systems,

OS&Y valve: Open Screw and Yoke valve FDC: Fire Department connection PIV: Post indicator valve

What Federal organization is OSHA under, and what service does OSHA perform?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - investigates workplace accidents and has the authority to levy fines against employers for unsafe working conditions -under the department of labor

Raising money for the purchase of defibrillators. What local service groups might you contact?

Office of Emergency Management- can come in the aid of the fire department in times of major emergency by providing resources in the form of personnel and equipment

There are positives and negatives to having a paid firefighter as a dispatcher.

Positive: familiar to the department operations and can often anticipate the needs of the units assignment - can be a great help to the incident Negative: more expensive in salary and benefits -feeling helpless when they are sitting at a desk while fellow firefighters are engaged into a though fire

To become a firefighter, there are several steps in the selection process:

Recruitment: fire department looking for the most qualified application Application: either physical ail former online form Written Exam: evaluates mechanical aptitude, general knowledge Skills Test: not used by all departments-real life occurrences Oral Interview: evaluation and work experience Physical: CPAT test Medical Exam: MEPS example Psychological exam: usually true/false questions Background check: before offering the jobs Final oral exam: with fire chief Probation: could be the academy at the end there will be a final examination

First known fire pump

Siphona

What are objective?

Statements of measurable results to be achieved with the resource available -specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (SMART)

Briefly describe a Good Samaritan Law

States that a person who voluntarily assist as injured person is not charged with responsibility for any errors or omission in the care provided and only if one is acting within the scope of one's training

Maltese Cross

Symbol of protection and a badge of honor- dates back to crusades

What is the supreme law of the land no other laws can conflict with?

The U.S constitution - call legal authority for government action in the U.S comes from the Constitution

What is "freelancing"?

The act of performing operations without a coordinated effort or the knowledge of one's superior officer

Where to firefighters of the U.S Forest Service, National Park Service, and Bureau Land Management have the responsibility to provide fire protection?

UFSF- provides protection for national forest lands and assistance and resources to agencies protecting area boarding on national forest NPS0 in the national parks and boarding lands where a fire may be a threat to the park BLM- lands under the control of the interior, outside of the national parks and adjoining private lands

6 principles of Command

Unity of Command: Each person in the organization has only one boss Chain of Command: decisions made at the top affect the levels below chief- assistant chief- battalion chief- company officer- fire fighters provides for the transfer of authority incidents Span of Control: 3-7 personnel per supervisor with 5 being optimal in most situations illustrates the need for intermediate levels of management between chief and firefighters Division of Labor: the work to be performed needs to be divided into specific areas to prevent duplication of effort, to apply the most appropriate resources to the job, and determine responsibility for completion Delegation of Authority: For work to get done- the management must delegate authority to the subordinate one doing that they have no time for planning other important function Exception Principle: the person delegating authority wants to be informed institutions of major importance -it is easy to get up in the heat of the moment and lose proper perspective when in doubt is to the proper course of action to be a situation, follow department policy

What are Upper and Lower Flammable Limits?

Upper- the maximum concentration of gas or vapor in air above which it is to ignite the vapors its upper flammable limit Loser- the minimum concentration of gas or vapor in air below which is not to ignite the vapor is it lower flammable limit

What is the most common extinguishing agent used for combating fires?

Water

The following extinguishing agents: How do they extinguish fire and how are they applied to fire?

Water: cooling and smothering fire. applied with pressure Foam: insulating, coding and forming a vapor barrier Wetting agents: (soap) reduce surface tension of water and soaking to the fuel Carbon Dioxide: smothering, dilute the oxygen in the fire area Halogenated agents/Clean agents: breaking the chemical chain reaction Dry powder: forming a coat on the burning surface and excluding oxygen

What are two basic types of fire hydrants?

Wet and dry barral

Codes are most often developed because of what?

With the intent of being adopted by jurisdictions as criteria for design, construction or operation of building in response to a disaster

What impact do residential fire sprinklers have in decreasing fire death?

by 72%

What is the leading cause of the fire deaths?

careless smoking

How does the local law enforcement agency provide assistance to fire department?

evaluation and denies entry to the affected area -traffic control and may be trained on emergency first aid -same lifes and protect property

Fire hydrants may have their caps and bonnet painted a certain color to signify water flow capabilities

orange: 500-999GPM Red: 499< Green: 1000-1499 GPM Blue: 1500 >

What are goals?

overall mission statement -nonspecific and immeasurable in that they are too broad

What is the background on the laws dealing with infectious disease?

the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973- prohibits discrimination because a handicap also prohibits discrimination against those who have a history in handicap and those perceived to have a handicap (school board of nassau county v. airline_

define pyrolosis

the chemical decomposition of matter through the action of heat "the release of free radicals as a result of input heat"

Why would a fire department benefit from having its own repair garage and mechanics?

the mechanics assigned have specialized knowledge of fire pumps and related equipment and that fire equipment with have the top priority at a fire department facility

Define Ignition Temperature

the minimum temp. to which a substance must be raised before it will ignite usually much lower than the autoignition temp

What does "flammable range" mean?

the proportion density or vapor in air between the upper and lower flammable range

Define vapor density

the relative density of a vapor or gas as compound to air is the vapor density

What is the purpose of fire prevention activities?

to prevent the loss of life and property due to fire - prevent hostile fire from starting, to provide for life safety in case of fire, and to prevent the spread of life

Fire Mark

used to identify which insurance company protected a home of building

Define specific gravity

weight of a liquid as compared to the weight of an equal to air is the vapor density

Fire plug

wooden logs hollowed out to carry water a plug on the log to cover water