Intro to General Psychology

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.5

__________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Agonists bind to __________ and antagonists bind to ___________.

receptors; receptors

The _____________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

reicular formation

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ___________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

relearning

The _________ of a neuron contain __________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?

baby seeking food by rooting and sucking

Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of __________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.

encoding failure

Diabetes is a(n) ___________ disorder because insulin is a __________.

endocrine; hormone

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ___________.

model

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ______________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

A major advantage of case studies is ___________.

detailed information

Which of the following statements about encoding is incorrect?

Encoding involves a single set of neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex.

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

William James was the ________________.

First American psychologist

In the study of personality, the ____________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer

Glucose, a small uncharged molecule, can pass through the cell membrane, but sodium ions do not pass through the membrane easily. What is the most accurate explanation for these findings?

The cell membrane is semi-permeable.

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

The were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _______________.

biopsychologist

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

In _________ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

classical

The __________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the _____________.

dependent variable

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ___________.

depression

Ethics need to be considered when ___________ scientific research.

designing, conducting, and reviewing

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ___________ study.

double-blind

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually, the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ______________.

extinction

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) __________.

glial cell

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

In _________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

A sample that ___________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

is large and randomly selected

A group of pre-school age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ____________ design.

longitudinal

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stitches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

misinformation effect paradigm

Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have __________.

modified the way witnesses are questioned

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic observation

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ____________.

stimulus discrimination

A(n) ____________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

Elaborative rehearsal involves ___________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

In classical conditioning, the __________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (stimulus).

unconditioned response

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Remembering ___________ is a good example of semantic memory.

what the word chocolate means

Remembering __________ is a good example of episodic memory.

your first day of school