Intro to Jazz exam 1

Which of the following tunes is in A-A-B-A form? "My Country 'Tis of Thee" "The Flintstones" "Mary Had a Little Lamb" "Three Blind Mice"

"The Flintstones"

Know the common forms used by jazz musicians.

12 bar blues and the 32-bar A-A-B-A forms

Discuss the important traits of ragtime and blues that influenced jazz.

African American forms of music such as the blues and ragtime blended with European dance music and church music.

By the end of the twentieth century, which of the following had occurred? American folk music had become more popular than any other music in the world. Latin American musical styles had superseded the popularity of both African and European styles. African American musical styles had become the most popular in the world. European musical styles had become the most popular in the world.

African American musical styles had become the most popular in the world.

Call-and-response is a feature of many different styles of music, but overlapping call-and-response primarily has its origins in Latin American music. African and European music. European music. African and African American music.

African and African American music.

The development of jazz in the late 1800s is an interesting chapter in African history. American history. Native American history. European history.

American history.

Know the different roles of the musicians within the ensemble: the bass player, drummer, pianist, and soloist.

Bass style involves playing notes that serve to keep time for the band as well as outlining the chord progression being followed by improvisers. Drummers use snare drums, bass drums, ride cymbal, and high-hat cymbals to keep time and contribute kicks and prods that communicate with the soloist. Pianists comp, by feeding chords to the soloist in a flexible and syncopated way. The soloist keeps many considerations in mind while performing-- chord progressions, logical and original construction of the solo, communication with the accompanists and many other.

Which of the following groups of musicians is associated with jazz?

Bix Beiderbecke, Billie Holiday, Chick Corea

Discuss the key elements of jazz: What are they and how are they important to jazz?

Improvisation and Swing feel. These elements are used to classify music as Jazz

Why is jazz hard to define? Jazz does not have basic elements of music, such as rhythm, melody, and tempo. It is subject to the perception of the listener. Jazz has only one style. The music has not been around long enough.

It is subject to the perception of the listener.

Know the importance of brass bands in the origins of jazz history.

Jazz emerged when brass bands were at the zenith of popularity and ragtime was in such high demand that brass bands and string bands were improvising rag-like syncopations in to their pieces to please dancers.

List and discuss musical traits that jazz absorbed from a) Africa and b) Europe.

Jazz has features that reflect African musical tastes that ere retained in African American music -- improv, syncopation, rough timbres, extensive repetition of brief patterns, polyrhythms, and overlapping call and response format. Blending European and African practices resulted in blues notes and various decorations of a note by alternating its pitch.

What is the difference between the improvisation of a jazz musician and the improvisation of a rock/pop musician? Popular musicians spontaneously create new melodies. Jazz musicians spontaneously create new melodies. Jazz musicians merely embellish the melody of a tune. Rock/pop musicians generally have more harmonic and melodic explorations in their improvisations.

Jazz musicians spontaneously create new melodies.

Which of the following kinds of music has its roots in African rhythms? traditional Native American Latin American and Caribbean Japanese folk Russian folk

Latin American and Caribbean

You are a jazz bandleader who urgently needs a musician who can read music and improvise. Which of the following musicians would you hire? Missy, who plays with a lot of spirit, has trouble playing in tune, and is just beginning to learn to read music. Maurice, who has excellent technique on his instrument, plays creative solos, and can sight-read. Caleb, who is impressive on his instrument, has trouble reading music, and does not swing. Allan, who has excellent training in music harmony and theory, plays "classical" music, and uses straight eighth notes.

Maurice, who has excellent technique on his instrument, plays creative solos, and can sight-read.

Know the importance of New Orleans as the birthplace of jazz.

NOLA was the ideal site for the birth of jazz because it was an intensely musical city with a history of rich ethnic diversity especially french and African. Jazz originated at the beginning of the 12th century.

Discuss whether jazz is popular music or not. How do you define "popular music"?

Only some Jazz is considered popular music because it is used as part music, film music, and dance music. Popular music is just something that everyone enjoys. Most jazz is not particularly popular by comparison to other music as evidence of its 3% market share. Jazz is a cultivate taste and not easily accessible. This makes it art music rather than popular music.

Jazz and ragtime were both popular styles of music for dancing at the turn of the twentieth century. How are they different? Jazz cannot be played on the piano. Jazz has more syncopated rhythms than does ragtime. Ragtime has more syncopation than does jazz. Ragtime doesn't convey swing feeling the way jazz does.

Ragtime doesn't convey swing feeling the way jazz does

Define "swing in the general sense" and "swing in the jazz sense."

Swing feel is achieved by spirited performances of many different kinds of music which employ steady tempo

As a jazz musician plays, listeners gain insight into the musician's mind. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Which of the following conditions has been identified as the chief reason why New Orleans became the birthplace of jazz? The city always took music and dance very seriously. The city had a large African-oriented underground. The city had a cosmopolitan culture and a "party" atmosphere. There was more music and dance per capita in New Orleans than anywhere else.

The city had a cosmopolitan culture and a "party" atmosphere.

Know the basic skills of improvisers: what they need to know in order to improvise.

The melody is played before and after improvisation. The improv is guided by a cycle or repetitions of its accompaniment. Musicians are throughly trained in methods of playing their instruments and in reading and writing music. They know so many tunes and chord progressions that they can instantaneously respond to what each other plays when improvising.

Which of the following statements is true? There are a variety of styles of jazz. Jazz music has not influenced other styles of music. Jazz music has not been influenced by other styles of music. Jazz music is simply for listening.

There are a variety of styles of jazz

What were some of the reasons jazz emerged when it did, shortly after the turn of the twentieth century? At that time there was very little musical activity because of depressed economic conditions, and jazz was created to bring a ray of hope to the people. There were many popular styles of music, including ragtime, the blues, and marching-band music; musicians were in demand and often heard one another play. People had grown weary of dancing and wanted to hear sophisticated art music in their many local concert halls. There were finally instruments available that could produce a variety of pitches, and there were many trained musicians available to play them.

There were many popular styles of music, including ragtime, the blues, and marching-band music; musicians were in demand and often heard one another play.

What did musicians in the small bands do to help fill out their sound? They played louder. They improvised parts. They assigned two musicians to each part. They often hired additional musicians for specific performances.

They improvised parts.

Jazz has been recorded since 1917. Recordings from the early years of jazz

are often reissued on CD.

Jazz primarily developed from the instrumentation, repertory, and musical practices of ragtime piano. the blues. European classical music. brass bands and string bands.

brass bands and string bands.

Factors that contribute to swing feeling in the general sense include cohesive group sound, rhythmic lilt, spirit, and dynamics. melodic improvisations. constant tempo. complex harmonies.

constant tempo.

Jazz was the outgrowth of musicians "stretching" the many kinds of popular music being played at the demand of dancers. circuses. churches and other religious organizations. Creoles of Color.

dancers.

During the 1960s and 1970s, some styles of jazz departed from improvising within fixed chord progressions. included elements of swing and improvisation for the first time. eliminated the need for "free jazz." began improvising within fixed chord progressions.

departed from improvising within fixed chord progressions.

Although jazz involves spontaneity, many aspects of a performance (tune, tempo, number of choruses, etc.) are never discussed, in order to create tension. determined before playing. left to the audience's imagination. discussed afterward in order to improve the next performance.

determined before playing.

When trading eights, a musician has to improvise for eight minutes. eight choruses. eight bars. four bars.

eight bars.

The A-A-B-A sequence and the 12-bar blues are examples of jazz solos. endings. forms. introductions.

forms.

A musician who is invited to play at a jam session should expect to: accurately notate music. play with a large number of other musicians. dance while playing. improvise.

improvise.

The various styles of jazz are

influenced by one another.

Jazz and classical music are often categorized as "art music." Art music refers to music that is a cultivated taste. is mostly intended for dancing instead of listening. requires little or no training on the part of the performers. appeals to the average listener.

is a cultivated taste

A solo break provides the soloist with the opportunity to grab a bite to eat. end his/her solo. adjust his/her mouthpiece. launch his/her solo.

launch his/her solo

After your jazz class ends, how might you continue to develop your listening skills and appreciation of jazz music? listen to many more recordings than you have heard in class read biographies of jazz musicians avoid listening to new tunes, concentrating instead on a few of the tunes you heard in class attend lectures on art music

listen to many more recordings than you have heard in class

Which of the following is the routine that jazz musicians use when playing a jazz standard or well-known tune? improvisation, melody one time through melody, improvisation, melody, improvisation melody, improvisation, melody improvisation all the way through

melody, improvisation, melody

George Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" is a good example of music that does not swing but is sometimes thought of as jazz. "old school" rhythm and blues. music with extended passages of improvisation. a mostly European type of music.

music that does not swing but is sometimes thought of as jazz.

Jazz began as "popular" music and it remained popular until the mid 1940s. Perhaps jazz might still be popular with the public if new styles of dancing to jazz had developed along with the music. there had been more jazz singers. jazz had fused with other styles of music. jazz had become an art form that appealed to intellectuals.

new styles of dancing to jazz had developed along with the music.

Both the solo break and trading fours or eights provide opportunities for the soloist to switch forms. freedom for the soloist from the tempo established by the ensemble. no opportunities for improvisation. opportunities for improvisation.

opportunities for improvisation.

Which of the following instruments is not capable of producing blue notes? piano saxophone voice trombone

piano

Characteristics of blues singing include changing meter in the middle of a piece. reading melodies strictly. placing phrases differently in relation to the underlying beat. singing in tune.

placing phrases differently in relation to the underlying beat.

You're a jazz pianist accompanying a singer. The singer begins to chat with the audience as the music starts and is not finished by the time the introduction ends. You should play through the song and let the singer catch up. stop playing. switch tunes so you will not become bored. play a vamp until the singer is ready.

play a vamp until the singer is ready.

To create a cohesive sound, a musician playing in an ensemble or a band aims to Open Hint for Question 2 in a new window. play in sync with others in the group. play in tune. dress in matching clothing. play in a style that is incompatible with that of the group.

play in sync with others in the group.

Imagine that you have been asked to improvise music to accompany a short video clip of a horse meandering in a field. Which of the following concepts or elements are you most likely to include in your solo improvisation? solo breaks a cohesive group sound trading eights rubato

rubato

Instrumental improvisation was largely influenced by brass-band melodies. singing styles. dancers. the piano music of Frédéric Chopin.

singing styles.

You are on the bandstand and play six choruses of the 12-bar blues. How many times did you play through the chord progression? forty-eight twelve twenty-four six

six

Standard Dixieland style and instrumentation was a consequence of the demand for more vocal music. small bands trying to play music written for larger bands. the music publishing industry's pressure to standardize the instrumentation of dance bands. the availability of particular band instruments.

small bands trying to play music written for larger bands.

Unexpected off-beat accents add the necessary element of rhythmic tension to jazz music. These unexpected accents are called displaced harmonies. syncopation. improvisation. tempo.

syncopation.

Improvisation, in the sense used in jazz, developed out of the practice of comping. adopting the straight eighth-note pattern. taking liberties with the melody and accompaniment as the music was being performed. bending and manipulating pitches.

taking liberties with the melody and accompaniment as the music was being performed.

Which of the following originally was vocal music? the blues marching-band music string-band music ragtime

the blues

Whether or not to classify "Rhapsody in Blue" as jazz is determined by the quality of the improvisation. the perception of the listener. the length of the improvisation. the extent to which the music swings.

the perception of the listener.

Understand the difficulties and the issues involved when listeners begin to ask, "is it jazz"?

the term jazz is used very loosely applying to anything the listener ever heard called jazz or anything that reminds them of anything they think it is

Know the unwritten rules that enable jazz musicians to play together without a rehearsal.

unwritten rules are followed that enable jazz improvisers to piece together respectable performances without rehearsal.

Blue notes occur when the singer is sad. when tone quality roughens. when a pitch is intentionally played "out of tune." only in slower tunes.

when a pitch is intentionally played "out of tune."

A jazz musician is free from the constraints of chord progressions, tempo, and harmony after the other members of the band have played the melody of a tune. when s/he is playing alone and not playing a specific tune. when s/he is soloing on a well-known tune with rhythm section accompaniment. when playing a solo break during a band's performance.

when s/he is playing alone and not playing a specific tune