Intro to Leadership Final

C the delegation of authority to subordinates in the organization.

1. Empowerment refers to:

D separation.

1. In many European languages, the meaning of "diversity" is different from the U.S. term because the closest word implies:

D dominance

1. The dimension of extroversion includes the characteristic of _____.

C They intentionally desire significant changes.

1. Which of the following statements is true of people involved in the leadership relationship?

A Believing in a higher purpose

34. Which of the following is a source of personal courage?

B the Abilene Paradox.

33. The tendency of people to not voice their true thoughts because they want to please others is known as:

A The company's vision and strategy

1. Which of the following values is most important to an organization's leaders?

A self-actualization

10. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the highest need category is _____.

B legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem

10. In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____.

C intuitive thought processes

10. The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with:

C generate a high level of trust from employees.

10. Values-based leaders:

C This era sees the rise of the "rational manager" who directs and controls others using an impersonal approach.

10. Which of the following statements is true of Leadership Era 4?

D globalization.

11. A factor contributing to increased acceptance of diversity is:

C like to establish plans and procedures and get things done on time.

11. According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, people who rely heavily on quadrant-B thinking:

D safety

11. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the need for fringe benefits is an example of _____ needs.

D Leaders with entrepreneurial traits exist within established organizations.

11. Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurship?

C It involves the ability to work with others to initiate changes that will create a competitive advantage for the organization in the future.

11. Which of the following statements is true of strategic leadership?

B femininity

12. According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life.

B dislike deadlines

12. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, people with a perceiving preference:

D Successful "integrators" whose job is to coordinate the work of departments

12. According to the acquired needs theory, which of the following characteristics describe people who have a high need for affiliation?

A They are concerned with innovation and creativity.

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of entrepreneurial leaders?

D Strategies are intentions, whereas execution is through the basic organizational architecture that makes things happen.

12. Which of the following is a difference between strategies and execution?

C The followers who responded to the offer dramatically improved their performance.

13. In the leader-member exchange research study on individualized leadership, leaders were trained to offer the opportunity for a high-quality relationship to all group members. According to this concept, which of the following is true of followers?

A gender discrimination

13. Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is known as _____.

C identify weak points in the necessary skills required for thinking strategically and work toward correcting them.

13. To improve strategic leadership, leaders can:

C It keeps morale and motivation high.

13. Which of the following statements is true of leading with head and heart?

B Social media

13. Which of the following supports the trend toward openness and transparency?

B sets a standard of excellence and integrity.

14. An effective vision:

B Limits misunderstandings

14. What is a benefit of using candor?

D Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates.

14. Which of the following is a difference between leader behavior toward out-group members and in-group members?

C Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women's advancement.

14. Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling?

B Leading with head and heart

14. Which of the following will help leaders at MHL Corp keep morale and motivation high when the company faces financial difficulties?

D provides a measure by which employees can gauge their contributions to the organization.

15. A powerful vision:

D does not follow his or her assumptions because they led to success in the past.

15. An effective leader:

C They are more individually considerate than male leaders.

15. In the context of the survey of followers, which of the following statements is true of female leaders?

B convey a vision for the future.

15. To communicate in a crisis, leaders should:

A It holds that leadership is a series of dyads or a series of two-person interactions.

15. Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership?

D captures people's idealistic motivations for why the organization exists.

16. An effective mission statement:

D preparing a group of people for a meeting.

16. E-mail should be used for:

D standing up for what one believes is the best for the organization.

16. Good leadership is about:

C Value agreement

16. Which of the following characteristics was explored by the studies evaluating the characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship?

B Does the action meet the standards of fairness and equity?

16. Which of the following questions can guide you to make ethical decisions?

D "your way"

34. When maintaining harmony is especially important, the _____ style of handling conflict in a team is appropriate.

A rational persuasion

17. In the context of the principles for leader influence, _____ means using facts, data, and logical arguments to convince others that a proposed idea or request is the best way to complete a task or accomplish a desired goal.

A nonverbal

17. Messages transmitted through actions, behavior, facial expressions, and tone of voice are referred to as _____ communication.

D discovery

17. The purpose of _____ inspires people to see the adventure in their work and experience the joy of a pioneering or entrepreneurial spirit.

B It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower.

17. Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership?

B Relying on the rule of reciprocity

18. Research indicates that most people feel a sense of obligation to give something back in return for favors others do for them. In the context of the principles for asserting leader influence, which of the following principles should a leader employ to exploit the given research finding?

B build goals on common ground.

18. To practice the art of persuasion, leaders should:

A They understand the limitations of past experience.

18. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective leaders?

D Checking the progress and quality of work

18. Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior?

C Strategy involves making decisions every day based on what the organization wants to do and be.

18. Which of the following statements is true of strategy?

A Ratifying one's position.

19. A discussion results in:

C The discipline of continually focusing on what one wants as the desired future

19. Which of the following is an element of personal mastery?

D Incremental improvements in products

19. Which of the following is an example of activities that have a low strategic impact but which are relatively easy to execute?

D Displaying trust

19. Which of the following is an example of people-oriented leader behavior?

D Using rational persuasion

19. Which of the following is one of the political tactics for asserting leader influence?

C achievement oriented

2. Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent, and _____.

B internal integration.

2. Culture helps employees develop a collective identity and know how to work together effectively. This is called:

C Establish diversity training programs.

2. How can a company reduce the difficulties faced by women and minorities in its workforce?

​D helps them find true value in their work.

2. Organizations can motivate employees by creating an organizational environment that:

A Leaders are different and above others.

2. Which of the following statements is an outdated stereotype about leaders?

A reorganizing current activities to work toward the vision.

20. An effective leader lets his or her vision of a better future pull reality toward it by:

B inspire others to strive toward a vision.

20. Leaders communicate to:

D greater power.

20. Leaders who use a wider variety of influence tactics are typically perceived as having:

B Vision

20. Which of the following has to be translated into specific goals, objectives, and plans so that employees can move toward the desired future?

A They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion.

20. Which of the following is a characteristic of advisory leaders?

B being emotionally connected to others.

21. A key component of leadership is:

A task-oriented leader

21. According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, if a leader uses negative concepts to describe the least preferred coworker, he or she is considered a _____.

A encoding

21. In the communication process, the sender (such as a leader) initiates a communication by _____ a thought or an idea.

D Relying on the rule of reciprocity

21. Which of the following is a principle for asserting leader influence?

C telling style

22. According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides detailed objectives and explicit instructions about how tasks should be accomplished.

A political frame

22. The _____, a leader frame of reference, views organizations as arenas of ongoing conflict or tension over the allocation of scarce resources.

A He or she uses rich channels of communication.

22. Which of the following is true of a leader as a communication champion?

B They often leave the organization.

22. Which of the following is true of people who work in fear-based organizations?

C participating leadership style

23. According to the situational theory of leadership, a _____ can be effective when followers have the necessary education, skills, and experience but might be insecure in their abilities and need some encouragement from the leader.

D information processor.

23. The traditional role of a manager is that of a(n):

D referent power.

23. When workers admire a supervisor because of the way he or she deals with them, the influence is based on:

C Employees do not provide feedback.

23. Which of the following is a consequence of the fear inspired by some leaders?

A delegating leadership style

24. According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides little direction or support because complete responsibility for decisions and their implementation is turned over to followers.

B Jonah sought different opinions.

24. Which of the following statements describes a leader practicing critical thinking?

B Influence

24. _____ refers to the effect a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or actions of others.

D selling leadership style

25. According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides both task instruction and personal support, explains decisions, and gives followers a chance to ask questions and gain clarity about work tasks.

B Meeting the demands of vendors or business partners

25. Which of the following is an example of an ethical pressure that challenges the ability of leaders to do the right thing?

A Teams work to accomplish a shared goal.

25. Which of the following statements is true of teams?

A Machiavellian-style leaders

25. Which of the following types of leaders typically focus on gaining and using individual power?

C do related work but may not depend on each other.

26. A group consists of people who:

C more responsibility for the decision can be delegated to them

26. According to the Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership, if subordinates have a high level of expertise in relation to a problem, _____.

D observe and understand patterns of interaction and influence in an organization.

26. Coalitional leaders:

B Withholding help and support

26. Which of the following is a behavioral trait of unethical leaders?

D Work-group characteristics

27. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following situational contingencies consists of the educational level of subordinates and the quality of relationships among them?

A distinguishing right from wrong.

27. Moral leadership is about:

B inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the group.

27. Transformational leadership:

D Special-purpose teams

27. _____ focus on a particular goal and disband once the project is completed.

A free rider

28. A(n) _____ is a team member who attains benefits from team membership but does not actively participate in and contribute to the team's work.

C directive leadership

28. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves planning, making schedules, setting performance goals and behavior standards, and stressing adherence to rules and regulations.

C postconventional level

28. At the _____ of personal moral development, a leader can balance self-interest with a concern for others and for the common good.

B creates an atmosphere of change.

28. Charismatic leaders:

A be more effective.

29. A leader who understands why teams are difficult for people can:

A is relationship-oriented

29. According to the least preferred coworker (LPC) scale of Fiedler's model of leadership styles, if the leader describes the least preferred coworker using positive concepts, the leader:

D exploitative

29. Personalized leaders are characterized as _____.

C Servant leaders

29. _____ transcend self-interest to serve the needs of others.

A increase skill variety.

3. One way to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential is to:

D They are diversity avoiders.

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of new paradigm leaders?

B It is based on a solid organizational mission or purpose.

3. Which of the following statements is true of a high-performance culture?

A They are beliefs about the kinds of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue.

3. Which of the following statements is true of end values?

B Discrimination

3. Which of the following terms identifies an action that is illegal in the United States?

D They are more effective when a situation is highly unfavorable because a great deal of structure and task direction is needed.

30. According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, which of the following statements is true of task-oriented leaders?

B commitment

30. Follower _____, a response to the use of power, helps to overcome the fear associated with change efforts.

B put personal ambition ahead of collective results.

30. In terms of the common team dysfunctions, inattention to results leads members to:

B teams of workers responding to a changing environment.

30. The framework for stewardship involves:

D listening first to affirm others.

31. One of the four basic precepts in Greenleaf's servant leadership model is:

A conflict and disagreement.

31. The storming stage of team development is marked by:

B norming

32. During the _____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on accomplishing the team's goals.

D By doing whatever brings promotions and pay raises

32. Which of the following is a way in which the importance of courage is obscured by leaders in large organizations?

A adjourning

33. During the _____ stage of team development, task performance is no longer a top priority and leaders frequently focus on team members' social and emotional needs.

A courage

35. For leaders, pushing beyond the comfort zone and facing the internal "wall of fear" is an act of:

B give up their independence.

35. To help their team succeed, team members should:

C self-interest is replaced by providing for the needs of others.

36. Servant leadership is a form of leadership in which:

B assertiveness to get one's own way.

36. The dominating style of conflict handling in a team reflects:

D consciously developing a mutually respectful relationship with one's direct superiors.

37. Managing up involves:

A understanding their customers.

38. Leaders want followers to stay up to date, which includes:

A alienated follower

39. A(n) _____ is often an effective follower who has experienced setbacks and obstacles, perhaps promises broken by superiors.

B adaptability corporate culture

4. In the _____, leaders actively create change by encouraging and rewarding creativity, experimentation, and risk taking.

A prejudice

4. Stereotyping is an aspect of _____.

B The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.

4. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory X?

A They learn to keep the lines of communication open.

4. Which of the following statements is true of leaders who work collaboratively?

C passive followers

40. In the context of followership styles, _____ leave the thinking to their leaders.

A does not consider possibilities beyond what he or she is told.

41. In the context of styles of followership, a dependent, uncritical thinker:

C Passive followers

42. _____ are often the result of leaders who are overcontrolling of others and who punish mistakes.

C initiate opportunities through which they can achieve personal fulfillment.

43. Effective followers:

A informing the leader about their own ideas.

44. A follower can be a resource for the leader by:

C contributing to areas that complement the leader's position.

45. A follower can provide strength to the leader by:

C Telling followers what to do

46. Which of the following is a traditional management role?

A gaining a new perspective

47. The benefits followers receive from leadership coaching include:

B Expertise

48. Which of the following sources of power for managing up is based on the follower's personal power?

A Higher collective intelligence

5. According to a recent study, what is the effect of having more women on a team?

C altruistic love.

5. Spiritual leaders establish a corporate culture based on:

C A person will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which he or she is committed.

5. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?

C People will believe they are treated fairly if they perceive their rewards as equal to what others receive for similar contributions.

5. Which of the following is true of the equity theory of motivation?

D Uniform thinking can be a disaster in a multinational and diverse world.

5. Which of the following statements is true of uniformity in organizations?

B specialized language.

6. Leaders can enact cultural values in an organization through:

A Great Man theories

6. The belief that leaders were born with certain natural abilities of power and influence characterizes the _____ of leadership.

D the fundamental attribution error

6. This tendency is known as _____.

A Changing demographics

6. Which of the following factors has led to an expanding attitude toward diversity?

D Expectancy theory

6. Which of the following theories of motivation is associated with the work of Victor Vroom?

A use motivators to meet the higher-level needs of employees.

7. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the leader's role is to:

C a sense of failure.

7. Spiritual leadership can decrease or eliminate emotions such as:

B Fiona assumes that an elderly employee will not be able to adapt to modern technology.

7. Which of the following is an example of stereotyping?

C Cross-functional teams

7. Which of the following is an important characteristic of organizations during Leadership Era 3?

D Intellectual stimulation

7. _____, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.

B interpersonal relationships.

8. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors include:

A influence theories

8. Charismatic leadership is a part of the _____ of leadership.

B may not be consciously aware of them.

8. Some values become so deeply embedded in a culture that organizational members:

C It considers a person's preference for conceptual versus experiential thinking.

8. Which of the following statements is true of the whole brain concept?

D Sponsorship

8. _____ refers to strong support from a powerfully positioned executive who is willing to put his or her reputation on the line to promote an individual's advancement to higher organizational levels.

C physiological needs.

9. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, the most basic human needs are:

D strong

9. If widespread consensus exists among employees of an organization about the importance of specific values and ways of doing things, the culture is said to be:

C they have no understanding of what leaders actually do.

9. Many people have never tried to be a leader because:

B analytical thinking

9. The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with _____.

C They favor a consensual process.

9. Which of the following statements is true of interactive leaders?