Intro to Music Theory-Final
A major second (M2) consists of __ half steps.
2
How many half steps are in a major second?
2
A unison (U) consists of __ half steps.
0
A minor second (m2) consists of __ half steps.
1
The key of E major (4 sharps) is parallel to E minor (___________)
1 sharp
The minor key with three flats is
C minor
What keys share the key signature with two flats?
Bb major and G minor
A dominant seventh chord is built on the _______ scale degree.
5
A perfect fourth (P4) consists of __ half steps.
5
In a perfect authentic cadence, the bass moves from
5 to 1
In an imperfect authentic cadence, the bass would most likely move from
5 to 1
A tritone (A4 or d5) consists of __ half steps.
6
What is he parallel natural minor scale that corresponds to the major scale: A B C# D E F# G# A
A B C D E F G A
A perfect fifth (P5) consists of __ half steps.
7
A minor sixth (m6) consists of __ half steps.
8
How many half steps are in a minor sixth?
8
A major sixth (M6) consists of __ half steps.
9
What keys share the key signature with four sharps?
E major and C# minor
What is the relative major of E minor?
G major
Half cadences
Half cadences end on a dominant harmony and on either or in the melody. Although half cadences mark the end (not the middle) of a phrase, they do not contain a complete musical thought. Instead, they must continue to another phrase to be complete.
The subdominant harmony phrase model
I-IV-V-I
basic phrase
I-V-I after chords progress from tonic to dominant, they almost always return "home" to tonic
consonant intervals
PU, P5, P8, m3, M3, m6, M6, melodic P4 a unison, third, fifth, sixth, or octave when written melodically. Considered dissonance when written harmonically
diminished interval
an interval one half step smaller than a minor or perfect interval
augmented interval
an interval that is one chromatic half step larger than a major or perfect interval
neighbor tone
approached by step, left by step in opposite direction
passing tone
approached by step, left by step in same direction
authentic cadences
are formed by a move from a dominant harmony to a tonic harmony, accompanied by a concluding melodic phrase—which, depending on the type of authentic cadence, generally ends on , , or . Authentic cadences do not mark the middle of a phrase. Rather, they mark the end of a complete musical thought.
The meter signature 9/16 is a _____________ meter.
compound
V-vi is an example of a _____________ cadence.
deceptive
a skip
movement by a third or fourth
a leap
movement larger than a fourth
accompaniment
music played by an instrument to provide harmony to support a melody.
Half Cadence (HC)
ends on V or V7, an inconclusive cadence
A triad whose third is in the bass is in ____________ inversion.
first
A root-position triad
has its root in the bass
Parallel keys
keys that share the same tonic but with different accidentals and different arrangements of whole and half steps
chord connection
links between chords in a musical composition; should aim for smooth motion by step, keep common tones in the same part, and correctly resolute dissonances
Given a major triad, we can make it minor by
lowering the third
dissonance interval
m2, M2, m7, M7, any augmented or diminished interval, harmonic P4 second, tritone, seventh, or any augmented or diminished triad-considered jarring to hear.
Minor triads have a ____ between its root and third and a ____ between its third and fifth
m3, M3
Cadence
marks the end of a musical phrase
An interval _______
measures the distance between two pitches
A compound interval spans _______
more than an octave.
What chord is commonly used to form the end of a half cadence?
V
Deceptive Cadence (DC)
V or V7 to vi or VI: avoids the expected tonic resolution; an inconclusive cadence
Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)
V-I or V7-I cadence in which either the V chord is not in root position or the final soprano note is not the root. Ends with 3 or 5 in the soprano.
Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)
V-I or V7-I cadence with both chords in root position and final soprano note on tonic. The strongest conclusive cadence.
second inversion
when the fifth is in the bass of a chord
root position
when the root of the chord is in the bass (lowest voice)
first inversion
when the third is in the bass of a chord
When two intervals are inverted, they always add up to...
nine
enharmonically equivalent
pitches and pitch classes that have the same location on the piano but have different names
embellishing tones
pitches that decorate tones in a melodic line
Given a major triad, we can make it augmented by
raising the fifth
The lowest note in a basic triad is the _______. The center is the _______, and the top note is the _______.
root; third; fifth
A triad whose fifth is in the bass is in ____________ inversion.
second
Relative keys
share the same key signature but have different tonics
melody and accompaniment
the arrangement of musical lines with a melody in one hand and chords in the other.
dominant seventh chord
the most frequently encountered seventh chord, built on the fifth scale degree. Normally written (V7 five-seven) or indicated by the letter name of its root plus a 7. )
Harmonic rhythm
the rate of change of chords
motive
the smallest recognizable musical idea. Have distinctive rhythms or pitches, and may be repeated exactly or varied.
seventh chord
the type of chord with a third, fifth, and seventh above the root
A relative major scale begins __________________ up from the tonic of the relative minor
three half steps
triad
three note chords; in their most basic position, they are built from stacking two thirds, one on top of another
What is one of the ways to identify syncopation?
ties or slurs
harmonize
to choose chords to accompany a melody
resolution
to move the voices of an interval or triad from dissonance to consonance.
If the melody features a 1 or 3 (b3 in minor), harmonize it with a
tonic
Which two chords are the most important for establishing a key?
tonic and dominant
A minor seventh (m7) consists of __ half steps.
10
A major seventh (M7) consists of __ half steps.
11
An octave (P8) consists of __ half steps.
12
In a perfect authentic cadence, the melody most commonly moves from _______ to 1.
2 or 7
A minor third (m3) consists of __ half steps.
3
How many primary beats are in a measure with the meter signature 9/8?
3
The key signature for a minor key has _______ fewer sharps (or more flats) than its parallel major.
3
A major third (M3) consists of __ half steps
4
How many half steps are in a major third?
4
How many primary beats are in a measure with the meter signature 12/8?
4
coda
A section added at the end of a composition or passage as a conclusion
Spell a D minor triad in second inversion.
A, D, F
What is the relative major of F minor?
Ab major
simple interval
An interval of an octave or less
What tones should be considered consonant?
Consider perfect unisons, fifths, and octaves and major and minor thirds and sixths to be consonant.
What tones should be considered dissonant?
Consider second and sevenths to be dissonant, as well as any augmented or diminished intervals to be dissonant.
The minor key with one flat is
D minor
The major key with three flats is
Eb major
The major key with one flat is
F major
third inversion
If the seventh of a seventh chord is lowest
Major triads have a ____ between its root and third and a ____ between its third and fifth
M3, m3
What is the correct step pattern of a harmonic minor scale?
W H W W H A2 H
What is the correct step pattern of a melodic minor scale?
W H W W W W H W W H W W H W
What is the correct pattern of whole and half steps for a natural minor scale?
W-H-W-W-H-W-W
phrase
a basic unit of musical thought. Phrases are typically 4 or 8 measures in length and the end is marked by a cadence.
inverted
a chord where the chord member other than the root is in the bass
A diminished triad can be indicated by
a lower-case Roman numeral and °.
chord progression
chords used in a specific order
A triad's quality is
the difference between triad types
Triads are named by _______________
the letter name of their root combined with their quality
