Intro to Psych Chapter 12 Quizzes

Which scale measures how stressors ranging from small annoyances to major daily pressures affect our ability to adjust? A. Hassles Scale B. Perceived Stress Scale C. Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale D. Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A. Hassles Scale

Hardiness is defined as a set of attitudes marked by a commitment to one's life and work, the courage and motivation to confront stressful events, and __________. A. a sense of control over events B. low levels of arousal in stressful situations C. the wisdom to know the difference D. an ongoing search for the sacred

A. a sense of control over events

The popular idea that __________, expressing extreme emotions about painful feelings, is always beneficial has been challenged by research showing that although it may make us feel better in the short-term, it can actually make things worse in the long-term. A. catharsis B. proactive coping C. crisis debriefing D. emotional coping

A. catharsis

A popular and well-meaning treatment called __________, which consists of a single session of three to four hours following a traumatic event, can actually increase the risk of PTSD in trauma survivors, possibly because it gets in the way of people's natural coping strategies. A. crisis debriefing B. journal therapy C. social support D. catharsis

A. crisis debriefing

Which of the following refers to a coping strategy that uses positive feelings or outlooks to reduce painful emotions? A. emotion-focused coping B. cognitive coping C. behavioral coping D. problem-focused coping

A. emotion-focused coping

Contrary to popular belief, scientific research shows that __________ does not slow cognitive decline in aging adults. A. ginkgo biloba B. acai berries C. shark cartilage D. St. John's wort

A. ginkgo biloba

Popular alternative medical practitioners such as Deepak Chopra assert that positive thinking can reverse serious illnesses such as cancer. This assertion __________. A. is not supported by scientific evidence B. shows that cancer is the result of the individual's own faulty thinking C. has helped millions of cancer sufferers to overcome their illnesses D. cannot be evaluated by scientific research

A. is not supported by scientific evidence

Which hormone plays a key role in love and emotional bonding and helps reduce stress? A. oxytocin B. adrenalin C. corticosteroid D. serotonin

A. oxytocin

Stress can be conceptualized as a transaction; not all people react to the same stressful events in the same way. Which of the following approaches to understanding stress adopts this perspective? A. primary and secondary appraisal B. tend and befriend C. readjustment and realignment D. hassles and uplifts

A. primary and secondary appraisal

When people encounter a potentially threatening event, they have to decide whether the event is harmful before determining how well they will be able to cope with it. This decision comes from the __________. A. primary appraisal B. initial evaluation C. problem-focused evaluation D. secondary appraisal

A. primary appraisal

Which of the following was found to be caused by Helicobacter pylori rather than by stress, as was believed for decades? A. ulcers B. Morgellons disease C. psychosomatic illness D. Alzheimer's disease

A. ulcers

According to research conducted by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and others, women tend to have higher rates of depression than men do because __________. A. women tend to ruminate about their problems more than men do B. women exercise frequently and pay attention to their weight C. women tend to make less money than men who are doing the same or similar jobs D. women face discrimination in the workplace in fields as varied as art and science

A. women tend to ruminate about their problems more than men do

Research initiated by James Pennebaker, and subsequently replicated by numerous researchers worldwide, demonstrated that __________ traumatic events can lead to academic, social, cognitive, and health benefits. A. writing about B. repressing C. suppressing memories of D. distracting ourselves from

A. writing about

Which of the following disorders that damage the human immune system is caused by a virus? A. lupus B. AIDS C. arthritis D. multiple sclerosis

B. AIDS

Symptoms of __________ include flashbacks, efforts to avoid reminders of the trauma, feelings of detachment or estrangement from others, difficulty sleeping, and startling easily. A. MMPI B. PTSD C. SSRI D. MMRI

B. PTSD

In the first stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome, the __________ reaction involves an excitation of the autonomic nervous system, followed by the excretion of adrenaline and physical symptoms of anxiety. A. resistance B. alarm C. exhaustion D. confirmation

B. alarm

If they do not suffer from the complications that have been commonly associated with obesity, such as uncontrolled diabetes or high blood pressure, obese people live __________. A. about five more years than lean people B. as long as lean people C. about five fewer years than lean people D. about 10 fewer years than lean people

B. as long as lean people

The term psychophysiological refers to authentic physical illnesses that are caused or aggravated by emotions and stress. Which of the following conditions fits in this category? A. common cold B. asthma C. Morgellons disease D. poison ivy rash

B. asthma

Which type of active coping is problem-focused and generally rather effective as a coping strategy? A. cognitive control B. behavioral control C. informational control D. decisional control

B. behavioral control

When we are able to think differently about the negative emotions that come up during a stressful incident, we are exerting __________. A. behavioral control B. cognitive control C. decisional control D. informational control

B. cognitive control

Because stress can be a positive force as well as a negative one, Selye coined the term __________ to mean positive or good stress. A. positive stress factor B. eustress C. beneficial stress D. exstress

B. eustress

When a stressor is prolonged and uncontrollable, Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) predicts that a person will enter the third stage of GAS, called __________. A. resignation B. exhaustion C. depression D. compliance

B. exhaustion

Which of the following types of people would be predicted to be more productive, focused, persistent, and better at handling frustration, according to research findings you read about in this chapter? A. spiritually-minded B. optimists C. self-actualized D. pessimists

B. optimists

In a seven-year study of 16- to 24-year-olds, the young people in the study who were overweight were less wealthy, less likely to be married, and had lower academic success than the other people in the study. Because intelligence and financial status had been controlled for at the beginning of the study, the results support the claim that overweight people suffer from __________. A. a lack of good character B. prejudice and discrimination C. self-fulfilling prophecies D. anxiety disorders that keep them from achieving success

B. prejudice and discrimination

Deciding whether an event is harmful or threatening to us represents __________, whereas deciding how well we can cope with that event represents __________. A. basic appraisal; enhanced appraisal B. primary appraisal; secondary appraisal C. social appraisal; personal appraisal D. initiating structure; initiating action

B. primary appraisal; secondary appraisal

Which term refers to the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope? A. trauma B. stress C. shock D. strain

B. stress

There are several ways that researchers approach the study of stress. Which of the following is the way that focuses on identifying different types of stressful events, specifically those most people would find dangerous or unpredictable? A. stress as response B. stressors as stimuli C. stressors as harbingers D. stress as transaction

B. stressors as stimuli

A common pattern of reacting to stress, especially among women, is __________. A. fish or cut bait B. tend and befriend C. fight or flight D. put up or shut up

B. tend and befriend

Phagocytes, T cells, and B cells are all types of __________ found in the immune system. A. red blood cells B. white blood cells C. assistant cells D. hormones

B. white blood cells

Which measuring instrument assesses the kinds of everyday annoyances and frustrations we all face? A. PTSD Scale B. Annoyance Inventory C. Hassles Scale D. Psychosomatic Illness Inventory

C. Hassles Scale

Curbing alcohol consumption is a good way to improve one's health. How is light-to-moderate drinking generally defined in this context? A. One drink per day for women, one drink per day for men B. Three drinks per day for women, three drinks per day for men C. One drink per day for women, two drinks per day for men D. Two drinks per day for women, four drinks per day for men

C. One drink per day for women, two drinks per day for men

__________ examines the relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system. A. Health psychology B. Medicodynamics C. Psychoneuroimmunology D. The biopsychosocial perspective

C. Psychoneuroimmunology

The type of problem-focused approach that lets you step up and take an action to prevent a stressful situation or reduce its impact is known as __________ control. A. proactive B. cognitive C. behavioral D. leadership

C. behavioral

Hans Selye, a Canadian physician who noticed the connection between the adrenal gland and stress-related illnesses, developed the __________ to describe the three stages of adaptation to a stressor. A. diversity hypothesis B. engineering analogy C. general adaptation syndrome D. landmark book, Stress Is Your Friend

C. general adaptation syndrome

Of the different Type A personality traits, identified as a risk factor in coronary heart disease (CHD), which trait have researchers found to be most predictive of developing CHD? A. perfectionism B. cynicism C. hostility D. competitiveness

C. hostility

Which research method provides a more in-depth picture of life stress than self-reported measures do? A. secondary appraisal B. crisis debriefing C. interview-based D. questionnaire

C. interview-based

Which of the following is a reason that as many as 80 percent of people do not follow their physician's recommendations to exercise, quit smoking, improve their diet, or take prescribed medicines? A. poor moral character B. low intelligence C. misestimating risk D. lack of information

C. misestimating risk

There are several behaviors that contribute to a healthy lifestyle. The textbook authors recommend limiting alcohol consumption, engaging in exercise, achieving a healthy weight, and __________. A. pursuing spirituality B. developing hobbies C. quitting smoking D. adopting a pet

C. quitting smoking

In a study of 2,752 adults in New York after the 9/11 attacks, people were judged to be resilient if they __________ PTSD symptoms in the first six months after the attack. By this measure, 65.1 percent of the sample populations fit the qualifications for resiliency. A. reported a declining number of B. sought treatment for C. reported zero or one D. reported between three and five

C. reported zero or one

The leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide is __________. A. alcohol consumption B. AIDS C. smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke D. hypoglycemia

C. smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke

Studies using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and similar measures show that __________ people report over a year or so is associated with physical and psychological disorders such as depression. A. the stressful quality of events B. the coping behavior used during stressful events C. the number of stressful events D. the type of stressful events

C. the number of stressful events

Simply counting up the number of stressful events in a person's life is not a perfect predictor of who will become physically or psychologically ill. In part, it does not account for __________ such as feeling discriminated against. A. nocebo effects B. daily hassles C. self-inflicted stressors D. chronic stressors

D. chronic stressors

The __________ assumes that certain ways of coping and regulating emotions are consistently beneficial across stressful situations. This "one size fits all" approach is not too useful in daily coping nor supported by scientific research. A. post-traumatic confirmation hypothesis B. selfish-gene theory C. readjustment alignment hypothesis D. fallacy of uniform efficacy

D. fallacy of uniform efficacy

An alternative approach to medical treatment based on the notion that "like cures like" is called __________. A. acupuncture B. acupressure C. meditation D. homeopathy

D. homeopathy

What aspect of the human body can be negatively affected by stress but strengthened by positive emotions and social support? A. cognitive abilities B. musculoskeletal system C. central nervous system D. immune system

D. immune system

Which of the following is a practice that trains attention and awareness, and is sometimes used to treat pain and other medical conditions? A. acupuncture B. chiropractic C. biofeedback D. meditation

D. meditation

During which phase of Hans Selye's general adaption syndrome does a person adapt to the stressor and find a way to cope with it? A. exhaustion B. alarm C. capitulation D. resistance

D. resistance

The relationships we maintain with other individuals and with groups that give us emotional comfort as well as personal and sometimes financial resources are collectively known as __________. A. acquaintance networks B. social service outlets C. societal structures D. sources of social support

D. sources of social support

In times of stress, women often rely more on their social contacts, nurture others, or turn to others for support. This type of reaction has been dubbed __________. A. all for one B. sink or swim C. now or never D. tend and befriend

D. tend and befriend

The physiological reactions that both people and animals have to defend themselves or run away from a threatening situation is called __________. A. pre-traumatic stress reaction B. tend and befriend C. eustress versus distress D. the fight-or-flight response

D. the fight-or-flight response