Intro to Psych (Chapter 6)

repression

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

10 to 12 seconds

In short-term memory an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed.

a visual code

Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant landmarks to the harbor entrance; he is trying to create a mental picture of all the names. He is using _____.

retroactive interference

Joy speaks Spanish as she has learnt the language in school. She is now learning to speak French. She often notices that sometimes when speaking in Spanish, French words come to mind. This is an example of _____.

implicit memory

Katie is a very skilled in-line skater and a tap dancer. Her skills are a part of her _____.

acoustic code

Ludwig, a cellist, is memorizing a musical composition just by listening to it, without referring to the sheet music. He most likely is using a(n) _____

neural events may be involved in memory

Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapses in sea snails, such as Aplysia, suggests that _____.

retrograde amnesia

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from _____.

Nonsense syllables C. Episodes

_____ are meaningless sets of two consonants, with a vowel sandwiched in between, that are used to study memory.

Encoding

_________ is the first stage of information processing.

Prospective memory

_________ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.

Sensory memory

_________ is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus.

Retrieval

_________ of stored information means locating it and returning it to consciousness.

engram

A(n) _____ is an assumed electrical circuit that corresponds to a memory trace.

icon

A(n) _________ is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory.

episodic memories

Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _____ of the event.

chunking

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called _____.

eidetic imagery

At a painting exhibition, Martha had admired a painting that depicted a farm. Half an hour later, when she was having lunch with a friend, Martha was able to recall several details depicted in the painting. She remembered correctly the colors that were used, the animals that were drawn, and even the number of trees in the painting. Martha's ability to remember these details would be known as _____.

the serial-position effect

Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates _____.

semantic memory

Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as _____.

infantile amnesia

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _____.

semantic memory

General knowledge is referred to as _________.

memory trace

If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n) _____.

priming

Once we have learned the multiplication tables, the recall of six times six is relatively automatic due to _____.

prospective memory

Sarah remembers that she has to pack her suitcase and has to lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future would be known as _____.

priming

Studies involving brain imaging reveal that _____ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity.

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

The ----_____ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____.

displace

The term _________ in memory theory, means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information.

maintenance rehearsal

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates _____.

implicit memory

Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player in her school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's _____ made this possible.

elaborative rehearsal

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _____.

context-dependent memory

When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____.

sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected

When we look at a visual stimulus, our impressions of it may seem fluid enough. This is because _____.

It is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a physical trauma.

Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia?

It involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered.

Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?

It involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.

Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?

It is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items on a list.

Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?

We tend to organize information in order of their hierarchy.

Which of the following is true about the storage of information in long-term memory?

It is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions.

Which of the following statements is true about a schema?

It is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained.

Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?

It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive."

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?

It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.

Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?

state-dependent memory

While watching a comedy show, Amanda remembered many funny incidents from her own college life. This is an example of _____.

The serial-position effect

ana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?