Intro to Sociology Ch.2 (practice)

__________ consists of the physical objects that a society creates that influence the ways in which people live.

Material goods

What is the relationship between colonialism and global inequalities in industrial development?

The wealth obtained from colonized areas, often in the form of raw natural resources, was funneled back to the home countries of colonial powers instead of being invested in the development of the colonized areas.

The Internet, computers, iPhone's, and McDonald's are examples of the globalization of

material culture.

An example of material culture is:

money

Goths, Rastafarians, and fans of hip-hop are examples of

subcultures

If _____ are abstract cultural beliefs, then _____ are how they are put into play.

values; norms

When your friend returns from study abroad, she reports back to you the different foods people in the host country ate. She explains that to them it's normal, but she found their foods and traditions appalling. This is known as

ethnocentrism.

Babies a few minutes old will turn their heads in response to patterns that resemble human faces but not in response to other patterns. This is an example of

instincts

Which statement about individualism BEST exemplifies the relationship between norms and values?

Americans often believe strongly in individualism, which is exemplified by a mainstream belief that it is normal and healthy for those who are 18 or older to move out of their parents' house.

What is true of the majority of countries that constitute the Global South?

They were formerly under colonial rule.

Which statement might be derived from the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

Learning a different language can be a very good way of understanding the culture and experiences of the group by which that language was developed.

What is the main difference between pastoral societies and agrarian societies?

Pastoral societies relied mainly on domesticated animals, whereas agrarian societies relied on agriculture.

Which of the following statements applies to hunting-and-gathering societies?

There is less inequality in such societies than in any other type of human society discussed in the text.

Which statement BEST summarizes the general sociological approach to the "nature/nurture" debate?

While genetics and biology play a role in human behavior, they manifest in an astounding variety of ways, based on complex interactions with the social environment.

What is the BEST definition of a nation-state?

a political community with clearly defined geographical borders and a shared culture

What is colonialism?

a process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories

Norms are to ______ as values are to ______.

behavior; attitudes

Stan believes that boys are naturally better at math than girls are. Stan's attitude is an example of

biological determinism

Many sports organizations are now banning Native American mascots because of the demeaning stereotypes they portray. Several campuses have banned students from wearing certain Halloween costumes. Sociologist refer to the phenomenon of one group borrowing from another group's culture as

cultural appropriation.

A common argument made against bans on face-covering veils, such as the Islamic burqa, is that each culture has different values. This argument is an example of

cultural relativism.

What might be considered a cultural universal?

decorating one's body

Although the majority of countries in the Global South lag well behind societies of the West, some are now undergoing the process of industrialization. These countries are referred to

emerging economies