INTS 4300 Test 1

Which of the following is NOT part of the purpose of the peer review process?

***So that other scholars get a head start on knowing what other scholars are researching*** To determine if the conclusions of the research reach beyond the data of their project To assure that the research methods were appropriately applied To be sure that the research that is published is compliant with rigorous standards

List the following elements of STEP 3 in order:

1. Identify relevant disciplines 2. Select potentially relevant disciplines 3. Map the problem to reveal its disciplinary parts 4. Reduce the number of potentially relevant disciplines to those that are most relevant

Who is the INTS personal librarian?

Cynthia Henry

According to perspective taking theory, holistic thinking is unnecessary.

FALSE

Experimental methods attempt to show that

One thing caused another

______ are enduring aspects of human existence that are of interest to scholars and are susceptible to scholarly description and explanation.

Phenomena

Empiricism is:

Research based on observations

The defining elements of a discipline's perspective comprise a discipline's cognitive map.

TRUE

The 5Ws are:

Who, what, why, when, where

_________ involves deciding how much and what kind of knowledge is required from each discipline's insights.

adequacy

Disciplinary experts use theories to produce all of these outcomes except:

***a description of their preferred outcome for a study*** -adequacy within a discipline -insights concerning a specific problem that would otherwise not be possible to achieve -an understanding of which disciplinary elements are applicable to the problem

Some strategies to conduct the initial phase of the literature search include all of the following except ______.

***scrutinizing evaluating deciding probing

Which of these is NOT a practical benefit from using systems thinking and drawing a system map?

**Drawing a system map helps the researcher understand how the system operates the way it does, not why the system behaves the way it does. X Drawing a system map and locating the disciplines on it that one believes are relevant enables the researcher to more easily identify other relevant disciplines that may have been overlooked earlier. X Researchers may discover that relationships at first thought to be of secondary importance are of primary importance. X A system map can reveal the existence of a system that did not initially seem to be a system.

Which of the following statements best describes how transdisciplinary studies examines a topic?

**a. Is a type of interdisciplinary research that includes stakeholders beyond the academy. b. Studies a complex problem by drawing on disciplinary insights c. Does not privilege any particular disciplinary method or theory d. From the perspective of several disciplines at one time but makes no attempt to integrate their insights.

Which of the following statement is correct regarding epistemologies of the natural sciences?

*Empiricism dominates the natural sciences. x The natural sciences tend to embrace more than one epistemology. x The natural sciences embrace epistemological pluralism. x The natural sciences prize diversity of perspective, values, and ways of knowing.

Systems thinking and mapping requires four actions they are:

-Break the problem down into its parts -Identify the problem -Show how the factors are related -Identify causal factors that matter

How long does it frequently take for a manuscript to move through the process of publication from the first writing?

1 year

Which three questions should be asked when applying the 5Ws to asking why of disciplinary methods?

1) Can the elements of a casual effect be investigated? 2) Can the agents be followed through time? 3) How many agents can be investigated?

List the 10 STEPS of the integrated model in order:

1. Define the problem or state the research question. 2. Justify using an interdisciplinary approach. 3. Identify relevant disciplines. 4. Conduct the literature search. 5. Develop adequacy in each relevant discipline. 6. Analyze the problem and evaluate each insight or theory. 7. Identify conflicts between insights and their sources 8. Create common ground between insights. 9. Construct a more comprehensive understanding. 10. Reflect on, test, and communicate the understanding

What is a potentially relevant discipline?

A discipline whose research domain includes at least one phenomenon involved in the complex problem for research.

What is a Literature Search?

A search to find literature written by scholars about the research they have done.

When using a Boolean operator (AND, OR, NOT) which one is no longer as useful?

AND

What are the five sections that research articles generally have?

Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion

When the results of a study are generalizable it means they are:

Applicable to a large population

What is the first step in the integrated model?

Define the problem or state the research question.

The theory map will:

Describes a theory's supporting evidence and importance

_______ refers to the particular procedure or process or technique used by a discipline's practitioners to conduct, organize, and present research.

Disciplinary method

To identify the most relevant disciplines, three questions should be asked. Which of the following is NOT one?

Does the discipline have a well-defined perspective on the problem? Has the discipline generated one or more theories to explain the problem? Has the discipline produced a body of research on the problem of such significance that it cannot be ignored? ***Has the discipline found one or more phenomena directly related to the problem?

A growing practice of crossing disciplinary boundaries by disciplinarians is not a characteristic of modern disciplines.

FALSE

A research map describes a discipline's supporting evidence, theories, and importance and compares it to other theories.

FALSE

A table that connects a topic to disciplinary perspectives will not reveal any instances of disciplinary overlap.

FALSE

Focusing only on what disciplinary experts see does not risk limiting your own ability to see the problem in its entirety.

FALSE

For a student to do research from a particular discipline, it is NOT necessary to understand the vocabulary and theory of the field.

FALSE

Interdisciplinarity refers to the placing side by side of insights from two or more disciplines.

FALSE

More advanced students working with more complex or larger-scale problems can benefit from using research maps.

FALSE

Systems thinking is only used in quantitatively oriented fields like engineering, operations management, computer science, and environmental science.

FALSE

The abstract is the first paragraph of the introduction to a research article.

FALSE

The loss of manufacturing jobs to China does NOT meet the criteria for determining if a problem is researchable in an interdisciplinary sense.

FALSE

The problems studied by interdisciplinarians are seldom as complex or broad as those studied by advanced single discipline scholars.

FALSE

The two key elements of disciplinary adequacy are understanding (aspects of) the perspectives of each discipline drawn upon and understanding points of consensus within these disciplines.

FALSE

When different disciplines use the same concept, they must use the same definition.

FALSE

When using the 5Ws the Where question seeks to know:

How generalizable is the theory?

When researchers conduct their research by reading widely in the literature and noting which theories were used, they are conducting research this way:

Inductively

Which of the following is NOT true about keyword and subject searches?

It is most fruitful when you have a well-defined problem or question. It is useful for checking the accuracy of quotes and references. ***It leads you to determine what discipline to use to conduct your research.*** It is useful for identifying gaps in the literature.

Which of the following is NOT a key component of a research map?

It states the purpose of the research. It states the perspective of each discipline on the problem. ***It identifies *disciplinary sources or interpretations. It identifies what disciplines are potentially relevant

What is the second step in the integrated model?

Justify using an interdisciplinary approach.

As a student what is a big trick to increasing the usefulness of Google Scholar?

Linking it to the University Library

Realism and relativism are two types of:

Ontology

The nature of interdisciplinary work is to

Patiently allow the process to reveal if one's assumptions are accurate.

When conducting a cursory literature search you should ask if a particular discipline has a well-defined ________ on the topic you are examining.

Perspective

_________ employs various tools to answer our questions accurately and adequately, thus it informs the decisions we make, the public policies that are created, and provides a foundations for expertise.

Research

A key component of a research map is that it identifies disciplines that are potentially relevant.

TRUE

According to Perspective taking theory, perspective taking reduces the human tendency to negatively stereotype individuals and groups.

TRUE

An interdisciplinary research project requires integration of insights and theories sourced in several disciplines.

TRUE

Concepts most often describe one or more phenomena or casual links embraced by a theory.

TRUE

Disciplinary handbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, introductory textbooks, and other sources are tools useful to developing familiarity with the keywords commonly used by each discipline.

TRUE

Integrative studies seeks to integrate various elements of student experience such as coursework and residential life.

TRUE

Interdisciplinary research is a decision-making process that is heuristic, iterative, and reflexive.

TRUE

Once you have decided that a project is researchable the initial search quickly evolves into a full-scale literature search.

TRUE

Students need to develop a basic understanding of theory because of the interrelationship between theory and disciplinary research methods

TRUE

The most relevant disciplines are those disciplines, often three or four, which are most directly connected to the problem, have produced the most important research on it, and have advanced the most compelling theories to explain it.

TRUE

To draw insights from disciplines, you must also develop some adequacy in the discipline's concepts, theories, and assumptions.

TRUE

When determining the relative importance of a discipline and its insights, you should not be influenced by the quantity of a discipline's research on the problem.

TRUE

Epistemology is:

The theory of knowledge

______ refers to a generalized scholarly explanation about some aspect of the natural or human world, how it works, and how specific facts are related, that is supported by data and research.

Theory

Why are key words important when researching a subject?

They help identify the main point of the topic under investigation.

______ of research methodology involves using multiple data-gathering techniques to investigate the same problem/system/process.

Triangulation

When should a student use the concept or principle map?

When working with more complex or larger-scale problems

Which of the 5Ws asks if the disciplinary method allows for induction?

Why

The "inter" part of interdisciplinary studies refers to ______.

contested space (problems that are the focus of several disciplines)

Stating the problem using words and phrases that connect it to a particular discipline refers to ______

disciplinary bias

One assumption of interdisciplinarity is that the disciplines alone are inadequate to address complex problems. Their lens of a problem is unique and they use a reductionist strategy in research. This is called ______.

disciplinary inadequacy

The epistemologies of the social sciences ______.

generate knowledge with an ongoing interplay of values, theories, and empirical evidence

Interdisciplinary studies seeks to produce new knowledge, but unlike the disciplines, it accomplishes it via the process of ____________

integration

The ______ is a practical and demonstrated way to make decisions about how to approach problems, decide which ones are appropriate for interdisciplinary inquiry, and construct a comprehensive understanding of them.

interdisciplinary research process

_________ posits a general relationship among two or more phenomena.

nomothetic theory

Systems thinking, as well as system mapping, fosters ______ thinking by looking for ______ relationships among the phenomena or actors in a system.

nonlinear; nonlinear

What is the primary focus of STEP 5?

provide in-text evidence of disciplinary adequacy

Inclusive refers not to the quantity of disciplinary insights but to their ______ and ______.

quality; diversity

The concepts of class, socioeconomic status, and social stratification are found in a wide range of ______ theories.

sociological

Answering the "5W" questions will reveal _______.

source(s) of conflict between theory types

What tool helps a researcher break down a problem into its constituent parts and helps identify which parts of the system are likely to be addressed by different disciplines, subdisciplines, and interdisciplines?

the causal loop diagram

Which is not one of the map types that are profitable to interdisciplinary work?

the conclusion map

Some disciplines are characterized by cognitive discord, which is ______

the disagreement among a discipline's practitioners over the defining elements of the discipline

Systems maps have two key elements which are ______.

the phenomena relevant to a complex problem and the arrows that indicate visually how these influence each other

Which type of researcher would most likely only require modest levels of depth and breadth?

undergraduate student

Quantitative studies

use statistical processes to identify relationships between variables.

Qualitative studies

use text data to understand a participant's lived experiences