IPA PVM

[ ʰ ]

Denotes aspiration; e.g., "pin" produced as [pʰin] In American English, voiceless stops are aspirated in word-initial position, but not elsewhere. Voiced stops and stops athat occur in clusters (e.g., [st-] "stare") are not aspirated.

[ ̪ ]

Denotes dentalization; e.g., "sun" produced as [s̪ʌn] It should be noted that dentalization of [s] is not synonymous with production of [θ]. [s̪] has grooved articulation, with turbulent airflow forced across a narrow area; [θ] has diffuse articulation, with turbulence distributed across a broader area.

[ ̥ ]

Denotes devoicing; e.g., "tub" produced as [tʌb̥]

[ ː ]

Denotes lengthening; e.g., "bad" produced as [bæː]

[ ̃]

Denotes nasalization of a vowel; e.g., "win" produced as [wɪ̃]

[ ʲ ]

Denotes palatalization; e.g., "bus" produced as [bʌsʲ]

In the absence of evidence that [h] functions as a fricative in a given language/a child's grammar, [h] is classified as a _____.

Glide

Diphthongs

Vowels that have a dynamic articulation; articulation of a vowel _________ begins with the tongue assuming the position fo the vowel, then transitions to approximate the position of the glide

Height, backness, tensity, rounding

What are the four dimensions of vowel classification?

w

bilabial glide

m

bilabial nasal

j

palatal glide

r

palatal liquid rhotic

ŋ

velar nasal

d͡z

voiced alveolar affricate (nonambient)

z

voiced alveolar fricative

d

voiced alveolar stop

β

voiced bilabial fricative (nonambient) beta

b

voiced bilabial stop

ð

voiced interdental fricative eth

v

voiced labiodental fricative

d͡ʒ

voiced palatal affricate

ʒ

voiced palatal fricative

ɣ

voiced velar fricative (nonambient)

g

voiced velar stop

t͡s

voiceless alveolar affricate (nonambient)

s

voiceless alveolar fricative

t

voiceless alveolar stop

ɸ

voiceless bilabial fricative (nonambient) hota

p

voiceless bilabial stop

θ

voiceless interdental fricative theta

f

voiceless labiodental fricative

t͡ʃ

voiceless palatal affricate

ʃ

voiceless palatal fricative esh

ꭓ

voiceless velar fricative (nonambient) chi

k

voiceless velar stop

Flap

Involves brief and rapid alveolar contact, transcribed using symbol [ɾ]

Ambient sounds

Segments that occur in the target phonology of a given language

Nonambient sounds

Sounds not present in the phonetic inventory of the target language

Diacritics

Supplementary symbols used to capture more subtle and secondary articulations in production of a sound

What are the three phonemic diphthongs of American English?

[a͡ʊ, o͡ɪ, a͡ɪ]

What are the only rounded vowels of target American English?

[u, ʊ, o, ɔ]

l

alveolar liquid lateral

n

alveolar nasal

ʔ

glottal stop

h

laryngeal glide